Status of Θ13

The Neutrino mixing angle θ13 is at the focus of current neutrino research. Till 2010 the value of θ13 was assumed to be zero. Thanks to a number of consistent experimental efforts now we have a definitive value of θ13. Its measured value is sin22θ13≈ 0.1. This has promising implications for the determination of the two remaining unknown parameters, sign of the ∆m231 and CP violating phase δCP from the present and proposed accelerator neutrino experiments in the foreseeable future

Mediating Role of Burnout Between the Job Demands-Control Model and Psychological Well-being in Healthcare Professionals in Pakistan

Integrating the Job Demand-Control model (JDC) with the Conservation of Resource Theory, this study tested the JDC model for the direct and indirect effects of job demands (JD) and control (JC) on the psychological well-being (PWB) of healthcare professionals working in hospitals in Karachi, along with the mediating effects of burnout. The study employed Structural Equation Modelling using SMART PLS for data analysis of a sample of 316 healthcare providers from different hospitals in Karachi. The results supported the direct effects of JD and JC on PWB and the mediating effects of burnout The findings of the study add further empirical evidence to current literature on job stress. The results indicated that healthcare professionals in Pakistan are confronted with a demanding job that causes burnout and ultimately becomes a reason for their decreased PWB. The study also presented various practical implications for different stakeholders. From a sustainability standpoint, this study indicated the need to balance job demands and job control in order to design psychologically healthy jobs

Pengaruh dana alokasi umum dan investasi sektoral terhadap belanja modal pemerintah di Provinsi Aceh

This research analyzes the influence of the General Allocation Fund (DAU) and sectoral investment on government capital expenditure in Aceh Province, with a focus on the downstrea ming of natural resources (SDA). The method used is multiple linear regression with secondary data from regional government financial reports and the Central Statistics Agency for the period 2015-2022. The research results show that DAU has a positive and significant effect on capital expenditure, especially for the infrastructure budget that supports natural resource downstreaming. Sectoral investment also plays an important role in increasing government capital capacity and developing the natural resource processing industry, which creates jobs and strengthens the local economy. In conclusion, DAU and sectoral investment have a strategic role in encouraging natural resource downstreaming. The government is advised to optimize the use of DAU and encourage sectoral investment to support infrastructure development. Further research is needed to explore other factors and the long-term impact of capital expenditure on regional economic growt

Comparison Of ALT In Type 2 Diabetics with And Without Fatty Liver Disease

Objective: To determine the association of alanine aminotransferase in type 2 diabetic patients with and without fatty liver disease. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done for six months at Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zaid Al-Nahyan Hospital Rawalakot. In our study, we included all the patients who presented to the outpatient department (OPD) having type 2 diabetes mellitus. Their age, gender, height, weight, and duration of diabetes mellitus were noted. Their liver function test (LFTS), fasting blood sugar and HBA1c, and fasting lipid profile were also done at the time of their OPD visit and results were noted. They were given an appointment for an ultrasound abdomen from the radiology department for detection of fatty liver disease and the results were noted on the next OPD visit. Results: Total study population was 90 patients and out of which 35 (38.8%) were male and 55 (61.1%) were female. 58 years was the mean age of our study population. Fatty liver was present in 50% of patients. ALT was raised from a baseline value of 36 in 61% of patients while fasting blood sugar was raised in 83% of patients. The mean fasting blood sugar was 208 mg/dl. ALT was not significantly different in patients with and without fatty liver disease. However, it was found that patients with uncontrolled blood glucose levels have significantly raised ALT which was also statistically proven as the P value was less than 0.05. Also, patients with high blood glucose have a higher incidence of fatty liver disease as compared with normal blood glucose level patients but the difference was not statistically significant as shown by a P value more than 0.05. Conclusion: Fatty liver disease is more common in Type 2 diabetic patients with uncontrolled blood sugar. There is a high rate of raised ALT in diabetic patients whose blood sugar control is not optimum

Problems Encountered by Women in Education Sector of Bahawalpur

As we all know that education is crucial in the development of any country. The main focus of this research is to identify the problems faced by working women in education sector. We discovered that most of the parents and certain relatives are supportive towards their daughter serving in the education sector. All our respondents strongly believed that the married women face greater challenges than unmarried women. Although their husbands are co-operative but there children are prominently neglected. Despite the supportive attitude of their parents unmarried women still face challenges like transportation and managing time between personal and social life. Most of the respondents, married or unmarried, believed that their salary and promotion system is not satisfactory for which they blame “Favouritism”. In spite of all the facts, our research concludes that the education sector of Bahawalpur for female teacher is fairly good. Keywords: Women, Education Sector, Bahawalpur

Sehat Sahulat Program Effect on Patients Presenting to Secondary Level Hospital in Mardan

OBJECTIVES The aim was to find the difference between government and private hospitals at the Mardan secondary level for sehat sahulat card effect on patients for their selection of hospital, dates, and time issues for elective and emergency cases with department facilities. METHODOLOGY This quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted to see the difference between the government and private hospitals for sehat the sahulat program effect on patients. Patients care is important on both sides but to find out the difference where more work should be done to achieve universal global health under the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government for the benefit of their people’s health. RESULTS Total patients 10112 visited District Head Quarter (DHQ) hospital from February 2021 to February 2022 while 5672 were in a private hospital in which the ratio for gynaecology was 19 % (854 pts. DHQ) and 31% (1652) private hospital. Medical admissions were 2224 (50%) for a government hospital and none for private while surgical admissions were 1379 (31%) for government and 2665 (50%) for private hospitals. The significant ratio for chi-sq was P<0.5 CONCLUSION Government hospital flow of patients is more than the private sector in admission ratio for medical cases then surgical while private has more flow for surgical admission than medical with all facilities provided on the desk and timely managed at the time of admission. Seniorm consultant’s ratio of surgeries in private is more than in government hospitals

Profile of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Patients at Dr. M. Djamil Central Public Hospital from 2018-2022

Background: Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS) is a pathological condition characterized by narrowing of the spinal canal in the lower back. In Indonesia, comprehensive data on LSS is currently unavailable. This study aimed to determine the profile of LSS patients at Dr. M. Djamil Central Public Hospital. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study utilized medical record data from 122 LSS patients at Dr. M. Djamil Central Public Hospital between 2018 and 2022, selected via consecutive sampling. Inclusion criteria included age over 18 years and a confirmed LSS diagnosis. Exclusion criteria included incomplete medical records, lack of MRI results, and follow-up visits without treatment. Univariate analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 to describe patient characteristics, causative factors, symptoms, location of stenosis, and management type. Results: In this study, 122 samples met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. LSS was mainly found in patients aged 60-69 years (33.6%) and in women (59%). Most LSS patients had obesity (BMI category I, 32%). Many LSS patients were housewives (42.62%) and reported light work activity (63.1%). The most common cause of LSS was degenerative factors (59%). The main symptom experienced by LSS patients was lower back pain (94.3%), frequently accompanied by radicular pain (79.5%). The most common location of stenosis was L4-L5 (43.4%). Most LSS patients in this study were managed both conservatively and operatively (70.5%). Conclusion: These findings contribute to a better understanding of LSS prevalence and distribution among patients. Further multicenter studies are needed to establish a comprehensive national LSS profile

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: Multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P \u3c 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (β coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Conquering Prediabetes: Battle of Metformin Versus Lifestyle Makeover

Background: Prediabetes is a metabolic condition characterized by blood sugar levels higher than normal but below the diabetic range. The onset of microvascular complications may set in this phase, hence intervening during the prediabetic stage becomes crucial in halting the progression to irreversible diabetes. We compared blood sugar levels between lifestyle modification and metformin medication and identified which option is better for managing prediabetes. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was done from January to October 2023 recruiting 150 prediabetic adults coming to Sikander Abad clinic through convenience sampling including 18 to 65 years of age while obese adults, those who had hypoglycemia within the past 3 months, and GDM women were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups and given a choice to choose pharmacotherapy (Metformin) or non-pharmacological measures (lifestyle modification). A thorough history and examination were done on all patients and Fasting Blood Sugar was done initially and after 3 months. SPSS version 21 was used. Independent and paired sample T-tests were used and chi-square was computed to see associations with the demographic factors. P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Prediabetes was better controlled with Metformin (FBS-3.2mg/dl) as compared to lifestyle modification (FBS-2.7mg/dl) in our study (p<0.02). Non-obese patients constituted a higher proportion of the cohort, with 91(60%) compared to 59(39.3%) obese patients. Additionally, 43.3% of the study participants aimed to delay or prevent the onset and complications of Diabetes Mellitus. Conclusion: In our study, starting Metformin in the prediabetes phase, prevents or delays the progression to full-blown diabetes, contributing to a 0.5mg/dl reduction in glycemic control. Keywords: Prediabetes, Hb A1c, Glycemic Control, Metformin