Modeling and Simulation of Oil Sludge Pyrolysis in a Rotary Kiln with a Solid Heat Carrier: Considering the Particle Motion and Reaction Kinetics

In this study, a dynamic model of oil sludge pyrolysis in a rotary kiln with a solid heat carrier was developed. In the proposed model, both the particle motion in the rolling mode and oil sludge pyrolysis were taken into consideration. Saeman’s model and a multiple-reaction model were involved to simulate the bed depth profile inside the rotary kiln based on the solid motion and the volatile evolution, respectively. Furthermore, the temperature profiles of three phases (solid carrier, oil sludge, and gaseous phase) in diverse conditions were predicated by combining pyrolysis kinetics, heat transfer, and motion equations. In the proposed model, the yields of C_<i>x</i>H_<i>y</i>, H₂, CO, and CO₂ were successfully stimulated and predicted. The validity of the model was verified from both aspects of solid axial velocity and gas yields by comparing numerical values to literature reports and experimental data, respectively. This simulation practice was expected to provide an alternative approach to obtain helpful parameters for the designing of an industry-scale rotary kiln pyrolyzer

The TIP30 protein complex, arachidonic acid and coenzyme A promote the fusion between endocytic and Rab5a vesicles.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Aliquots of isolated EGFR-DsRed and EYFP-Rab5a vesicles (both contain 20 µg of proteins) were mixed and incubated in reactions (20 µl) with the indicated components. The resulting fusion products were spotted on glass slides and images were taken using confocal microscope. Panels 1, 4 and 6 were scanned with 3× amplification gain setting due to lower fluorescence intensity of individual vesicles. Arachidonic acid (100 nmol) was used in the reactions. Images are single plane and are representative for at least three independent experiments. Scale bars, 5 µm. (<b>B</b>) Signal overlap was quantified using MBF_ImageJ. Pearson's colocalization coefficients were calculated from three independent experiments and were converted to percentages. Data represent means ± SEM. **<i>P</i><0.01, ***<i>P</i><0.001; t test. (<b>C</b>) Arachidonic acid promotes the vesicle fusion induced by HeLa cell S100. S100 fractions (4 mg/ml) of HeLa cells were incubated with isolated EGFR-DsRed and EYFP-Rab5a vesicles (both contain 20 µg proteins) in the absence or presence of 100 nmol arachidonic acid. Resulting vesicles were examined using confocal microscopy (left panel) and fluorescence overlaps were quantified (right panel).</p

Characterization of Hydrophobic Hypercrosslinked Polymer as an Adsorbent for Removal of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds

A hydrophobic hypercrosslinked polymer with poly (4-tert-butylstyrene–styrene–divinylbenzene) matrix (LC-1) was prepared as adsorbent for the removal of volatile organic compounds from gas streams. The content of oxygen-containing functional groups of LC-1 was about one-fourth that of commercial hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent (NDA-201). The results of the water vapor adsorption experiment indicated that LC-1 had a more hydrophobic surface than NDA-201. Three chlorinated volatile organic compounds (trichloroethylene, trichloromethane, and 1, 2-dichloroethane) were used to investigate the adsorption characteristics of LC-1 under dry and humid conditions. Equilibrium adsorption data in dry streams showed that LC-1 had good adsorption abilities for three chlorinated VOCs due to its abundant micropore structure. Moreover, the presence of water vapor in the gas stream had negligible effect on breakthrough time of three chlorinated VOCs adsorption onto LC-1 when values of relative humidity were equal to or below 50%; the breakthrough time of three chlorinated VOCs decreased less than 11% even if the relative humidity was 90%. Taken together, it is expected that LC-1 would be a promising adsorbent for the removal of VOCs vapor from the humid gas streams

Transmission electron microscopy analysis of products from in vitro vesicle fusion assays.

<p>(<b>A</b>) EGFR-DsRed and EYFP-Rab5a vesicles were incubated with immunopurified TIP30 complex in the fusion buffer with (right panel) or without (left panel) 100 nmol of arachidonic acid. Resulting vesicles were stained with uranyl acetate and examined using TEM. Scale bars, 500 nm. (<b>B</b>) The graphs show the percentages of vesicles with different diameters. At least 6 images from two independent experiments were counted. Data represent means ± SEM. n = 150; **<i>P</i><0.01, t test.</p

Fatty acylation of phosphatidic acid promotes vesicle aggregation.

<p>Lipids were extracted after incubating 100 nmol PA or phosphatidylinositol (PI) with 100 nmol arachidonic acid the TIP30 complex or control eluates. Lipids were resuspended in homogenization buffer by sonication and were mixed with EGFR-DsRed and EYFP-Rab5a vesicles in <i>in vitro</i> fusion buffer at 37°C. Resulting vesicles were spotted on glass slides and images were taken using confocal microscope. Scale bars, 5 µm.</p

TIP30 and Endo B1 strongly bind phosphatidic acid.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Fatty acylation of endosomal lipids by the TIP30 complex. [³H]-arachidonic acid can be transferred to endosomal membrane lipids by the TIP30 complex, but not by TIP30M immunoprecipitates or control immunoprecipitates (left panel). The transfer was blocked by 10 µM triacsin C (right panel). Image was acquired by scanning lipids resolved on TLC plate with a Molecular Dynamics Storm 860. * indicates the radiolabeled lipid. (<b>B</b>) The schematic diagram shows the lipid species pre-spotted on membranes that are used in lipid-protein overlay assays. (<b>C</b>) TIP30 and Endo B1 strongly bind phosphatidic acid (PA). Protein-lipid overlay assays were carried out by incubating recombinant proteins with membrane strips containing 15 pre-spotted lipids. Membranes were scanned using a Li-Cor scanner after being sequentially overlaid with primary and fluorescent secondary antibodies.</p

The Missing Chalcogen Bonding Donor: Strongly Polarized Oxygen of Water

A biscyclen molecular cabin, synthesized by connecting two cyclen macrocycles with four linkages, entraps a Li+···H2O···Li+ trimer with a water molecule clamped by two Li+ ions. This configuration results in strongly polarized water, characterized by a water proton resonance shift of up to 10.00 ppm. The arrangement facilitates unprecedented O-centered chalcogen bonds between the lone pairs of pyridinyl nitrogen atoms and polarized water oxygen, as confirmed by X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. Further observation of O-centered chalcogen bonding in a H2O·(LiCl)2 cluster suggests its widespread presence in hydrated salt systems

Magnetic Polyacrylic Anion Exchange Resin: Preparation, Characterization and Adsorption Behavior of Humic Acid

Magnetic polyacrylic resin (R0) was prepared by suspension polymerization in the presence of γ-Fe₂O₃ and γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPS). The obtained magnetic resin (R0) was modified sequentially by ammonolysis and alkylation to produce a magnetic weakly basic anion exchange resin (R1) and a magnetic strongly basic anion exchange resin (R2). Infrared (IR) spectra, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), magnetization, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and chemical analysis were all determined to characterize these resins. The investigation of humic acid (HA) adsorption on R0, R1, and R2 showed that chemical interactions between the functional groups of the resin and HA were responsible for HA adsorption. The adsorption capacity of HA on R1 was ∼20%–60% less than that of R2, but the R1 resin was easier to regenerate with NaOH aqueous solution. A mixture of 1% NaCl and 1% NaOH was found to be highly efficient for the regeneration of both R1 and R2 resins, with desorption efficiencies measuring >90%. Pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich equation fit better for HA adsorption onto R1 and R2 than other typical kinetic and thermodynamic models, respectively. The effects of pH, coexisting salts (i.e., NaCl and Na₂SO₄), and recyclability were also assessed

ALDB: A Domestic-Animal Long Noncoding RNA Database

<div><p>Background</p><p>Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their important roles in many biological processes. Domestic animals constitute a unique resource for understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic variation and are ideal models relevant to diverse areas of biomedical research. With improving sequencing technologies, numerous domestic-animal lncRNAs are now available. Thus, there is an immediate need for a database resource that can assist researchers to store, organize, analyze and visualize domestic-animal lncRNAs.</p><p>Results</p><p>The domestic-<b>a</b>nimal <b>l</b>ncRNA <b>d</b>ata<b>b</b>ase, named ALDB, is the first comprehensive database with a focus on the domestic-animal lncRNAs. It currently archives 12,103 pig intergenic lncRNAs (lincRNAs), 8,923 chicken lincRNAs and 8,250 cow lincRNAs. In addition to the annotations of lincRNAs, it offers related data that is not available yet in existing lncRNA databases (lncRNAdb and NONCODE), such as genome-wide expression profiles and animal quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of domestic animals. Moreover, a collection of interfaces and applications, such as the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), the Generic Genome Browser (GBrowse) and flexible search functionalities, are available to help users effectively explore, analyze and download data related to domestic-animal lncRNAs.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>ALDB enables the exploration and comparative analysis of lncRNAs in domestic animals. A user-friendly web interface, integrated information and tools make it valuable to researchers in their studies. ALDB is freely available from <a href="http://res.xaut.edu.cn/aldb/index.jsp" target="_blank">http://res.xaut.edu.cn/aldb/index.jsp</a>.</p></div

Parameters of the pseudo-first-order kinetic model for electrochemical degradation of TC.

(100 mg/L, 0.1 M Na2SO4, 25 mA/cm2, 120 min).</p