KEJADIAN SARIAWAN PADA PEROKOK AKTIF DAN PASIF BERBASIS DATA IFLS 5 (Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis among Active and Passive Smoker from Indonesian Family Life Survey 5)

Sariawan tercatat sebagai penyakit yang dikeluhkan seperlima populasi dunia. Dan beberapa studi mengungkapkan tidak adanya pengaruh antara kebiasaan merokok dengan kejadian sariawan. Namun penelitan sebelumnya memiliki jumlah sampel yang tidak besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan prevalensi dan distribusi sariawan dengan kebiasaan merokok pada perokok aktif dan pasif. Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah cross-sectional dengan mempergunakan data Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 sebagai data induk untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dan kejadian sariawan. Prevalensi sariawan didapatkan dari keterangan lisan partisipan terhadap keluhan sariawan dalam sebulan terakhir. Kebiasaan merokok adalah kategori paparan rokok antara perokok aktif dan pasif. Distribusi paparan didasarkan atas usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, gejala depresi, riwayat hipertensi dan diabetes, dan jenis makanan yang dikonsumsi dalam sepekan terakhir.  Peluang kejadian dari faktor pajanan dominan dihitung dengan analisis multivariat regresi logistik. Hasil dari penelitian ini mengungkapkan angka kejadian sariawan sebesar 17,89%. Dan hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dengan kejadian sariawan. Peluang kejadian sariawan dari faktor resiko dominan, antara lain kebiasaan merokok, usia, gejala depresi, riwayat diabetes melitus, konsumsi mie instan, minuman berkarbonasi, makanan pedas dan gorengan sebesar 55,40%. Dari penelitian tersebut didapatkan kesimpulan terdapat hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dengan kejadian sariawan dengan pvalue>0,0001

Kondisi Klinis dan Determinan Status Gizi Anak dengan HIV/AIDS (ADHA)

Globally, nearly 2.6 million children under 15 years of age have been infected with HIV with 40-64% experiencing malnutrition. Children born to HIV-positive mothers with CD4 alpha (0.05). In this study, the average nutritional status of ADHA who did not have comorbidities was higher than that of ADHA who had comorbidities. The average difference in nutritional status was statistically significant with a p-value of 0.01

Cytopathology of Saliva in COVID-19 Patients: Preliminary Study on Five Patients of COVID-19

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by a SARS-CoV-2 virus. The virus is currently known to possess single-stranded and positive-sense RNA genomes. The replication of this virus does not occur in the nucleus but in the cytoplasm of the host cell. This rapid replication can lead to impairment of host cell. Without cytoplasm, the host cell will lose its shape and may be damaged. AIM: This study aims to find out the histopathology of exfoliated epithelial cells in saliva of COVID-19 patients. METHODS: This was an observational study with a laboratory-based cross-sectional design. The specimens of saliva were collected from five positive people of COVID-19 and four people as negative controls of COVID-19. The determination of positive and negative infections of COVID-19 was based on the results of the real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal swabs, oropharyngeal swabs, and sputum. The cytopathology of saliva was examined by Smear test and it was then stained by Papanicolaou method. The morphology of exfoliative epithelial cells in saliva was observed using a light microscope with magnification of ×10 and ×40. The damage of epithelial cells was observed from the integrity of the epithelial cell membrane and the shape of the damaged epithelial cells. In addition to morphologic findings, the number of cells with no nucleus was also calculated. RESULTS: From five samples of saliva from patients of positive COVID-19, microscopically the membrane of epithelial cells was intact and the contents of the cells were scattered about. The damaged epithelial cells with nuclei were in place, which were also found, but the morphology was not normal. More cells without nuclei were frequently observed in the saliva of COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION: The damage to membrane and organelles of epithelial cells was found in the saliva of COVID-19 patients