PEMANFAATAN PELTIER SEBAGAI SISTEM PENDINGINAN UNTUK MEDICINE COOLER BOX

Peralatan pendingin merupakan kebutuhan yang penting dalam dunia medis. Penggunaan peltier sebagai peralatan pendingin merupakan energi alternatif yang besih dan aman. Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan observasi proses pendinginan yang terjadi pada peralatan cooler box. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksperimen. Prototype cooler box dikembangkan untuk proses observasi. Permasalahan yang diteliti adalah pengaruh kecetapan pendinginan cooler box terhadap pemanfaatan radiator untuk menciptakan temperatur yang tepat untuk penggunaan cooler box. Dari observasi dapat diamati bahwa dengan mempertahankan temperatur sisi panas peltier pada suhu lingkungan, maka dapat diperoleh temperatur kerja pendinginan yang rendah. Temperatur sisi dinging dibawah 0 derajat. Untuk kondisi cooler box dengan radiator mampu mencapai temperatur kerja -3 sampai -4oC. Grafik penurunan temperatur berlangsung dengan cepat secara eksponensial hingga mencapai temperatur terendah. Pemindahan panas dapat dilakukan dengan penggunaan radiator pada perangkat sistem peltier.Kata kunci: Peltier, cooler box, energi alternatif, peralatan pendingin.UTILIZATION OF PELTIER AS A COOLING SYSTEM FOR MEDICINE COOLER BOXCooling equipment is an important requirement in the medical. The use of peltier as cooling equipment is a clean and safe alternative energy. In this research, the observation of the cooling process that occurs in cooler box equipment has been measured. The research was conducted by using the experimental method. The prototype cooler box was developed for the observation process. The problem studied is the effect of coolbox cooling speed on radiator utilization to create the right temperature for the use of the cooler box. From the observations it can be observed that by maintaining the hot side temperature of the peltier at ambient temperature, a low cooling working temperature can be obtained. Cold side temperature below 0 degrees. For cooler box conditions with a radiator, it can reach a working temperature of -3 to -4oC. The graph of the temperature decrease as exponentially until it reaches the lowest temperature. Heat transfer can be done by using a radiator in the peltier system device.Keywords: Peltier, cooler box, alternative energy, cooling equipment

The Performance Comparison of Battery Charging Using MPPT and PWM Controllers on Amorphous Solar Panel-Based E-Scooters

Solar Panel-Based Electric Scooter (E-Scooter) is an electric vehicle in the form of a scooter that uses solar panels as a source of electrical energy for charging batteries and a BLDC motor as a wheel drive. With the development of the E-Scooter, it is necessary to know how to charge the battery. The purpose of this research is to determine the type of Solar Charge Controller (SCC) that can maximize battery charging on the E-Scooter. The research method is to compare SCC MPPT and SCC PWM. The research was conducted by monitoring the output current and voltage of the solar charger controller generated by the solar panels every 10 minutes. After that the recorded data will be stored in the monitoring device's storage memory for further processing. The results of the data that have been obtained on the e-scooter using the SCC MPPT type are capable of producing a power of 9.05 W with a current value of 0.33 A and a voltage of 27.47 V. Meanwhile, the PWM type SCC is capable of producing 8.22 W of power with a current value of 0.30 A and a voltage of 27.42 V. So that the MPPT type SCC is more economical than PWM for charging when the e-scooter is not moving. For the running conditions of the MPPT type SCC e-scooter is capable of producing 7.36 W of power with a current value of 0.27 A and a voltage of 27.26 V. Meanwhile, the PWM type SCC is capable of producing a current of 6.81 W with a value of 0.25 A and a voltage 27.24 V. So that the MPPT type SCC is more efficient than PWM for charging when the e-scooter is running

Performance analysis of solar electric scooters with different charger controllers

This study investigates the impact of solar charge controller (SCC) type on battery charging in solar-powered electric scooters (e-scooters). The research compared maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and pulse width modulation (PWM) controllers by monitoring average output power, current, and voltage every 10 minutes. Results showed that under stationary conditions, MPPT controllers delivered higher efficiency, generating 5.87 W of power compared to PWM's 5.05 W. This advantage persisted even during scooter operation, with MPPT controllers producing 4.91 W versus PWM's 4.31 W. Overall, the findings demonstrate that MPPT SCCs offer a more efficient solution for charging e-scooter batteries

Corrosion Rate of Black Chromium Coating Result of Electroplating on Copper

The problem faced is that the white chromium coating has a low selling value or aesthetic value than the black chromium layer which is more in demand, especially by the younger generation who prioritizes aesthetics. The purpose of the corrosion test was to determine the corrosion resistance ability of the black chromium coating resulting from the electroplating process on the relationship between the solution temperature and the immersion time of copper in a corrosive solution. Corrosion test methods include literature studies, field observations, weighing specimens, immersing specimens in corrosive solutions, weighing specimens, calculating corrosion rates, and data analyzing. Corrosion test results show that the higher the temperature of the solution and the longer the immersion time, the smaller the corrosion rate for the lowest conditions at 30oC and a duration of 5 minutes with a corrosion rate of 0.2004 mm/year and the highest conditions at a temperature of 50oC and a duration of 9 minutes at a rate of corrosion of 0.0108 mm/year

Simulation of Effect of Airfoil MH32 with Variation Taper Ratio and Angle of Attack Coefficient Lift and Drag Fixed wing Unmanned Aircraft

Nowadays, the aerospace sector is growing very rapidly. One of the newest technologies is unmanned aerial vehicle. This UAV has functions to monitor disaster, mapping, espionage and shooting target. Therefore it needs a plane that can fly fast and agile. To achieve these characteristics, one of the most important things is the design of the wings. Some of the important parameters contained in the wings are the type of airfoil, aspect ratio, wing area, taper ratio, and angle of attack. The article aims to analyze the type of airfoil MH32 as well as the effect of the parameter taper ratio with variations of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 in variations of angle of attack 0 °, 3 °, 6 °, 12 ° and 15 ° to the value of coefficient of lift and coefficient of drag. The method used in this research is experimental with a computational approach using a computer, the advantage of this method is that it does not need a real plane shape. The type of simulation used is Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) found in Ansys Fluent. From the simulation, value of coefficient of lift, coefficient of drag, and image of pressure contour and streamline velocity were obtained. All the data was processed and analyzed, then the result is that the taper ratio 0.4 has the highest lift to drag ratio of 19,417. It means that it has the highest value of the coefficient of lift and has the lowest coefficient of drag. These simulated results are validated with experimental from UIUC (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) 1996. The conclusion of this study is that the smaller the taper ratio, the greater the value of the lift coefficient. Then increase the angle of attack to make the value of the lift coefficient is also getting bigger.</jats:p

Розробка плоскої мезомасштабної камери згоряння з подвійним вузькощiльовимстабілізатором полум'я i різним співвідношенням сторін для малопотужного генератора

We have investigated the effects of the aspect ratio of the rectangular mesoscale combustor with a narrow slit flame holder on the flame stability limit, flame behavior and uniformity of combustor wall temperature. The combustor was made of copper with a cross-section area of 6 mm2. The combustor aspect ratio (AR) was varied as 1, 1.5, 2.67, and 6. LPG and pure oxygen were premixed and the experiment was conducted at a limited flow rate. Pure oxygen is selected as an oxidizing agent with the intention of revealing in detail the range of flame stability within a very narrow quenching distance. All observed flames were inside the combustion chamber, not outside the channel. This research used a new type of flame holder namely double narrow slit flame holder as a flame stabilizer. The flame holder with double slit and a kind of bluff body in the center helps recirculate the flow and prolong the residence time to make the flame more stable. The use of double narrow slit flame holder successfully extended the stability map to a very lean equivalence ratio (f). However, there was a dead zone near stoichiometry condition due to very high flame propagation speed. Aspect ratio had an important role for the non-circular combustor. The aspect ratio gave a great effect to determine the limit of the stability map that can be achieved at the rich mixture. The combustor with AR=1.5 had the widest range of flammability limit, while AR=6 hadthe narrowestflame stability limits. However, the latter reached the most uniform wall temperature, which is important to obtain high efficiency thermal to electric energy conversion. The results of this study can be used to determine the right fuel mixture on the mesoscale combustor as a heat source on the micro power generator/thermal electric systemИсследовано влияние соотношения сторон прямоугольной мезомасштабной камеры сгорания с узкощелевым стабилизатором пламени на предел устойчивости пламени, поведение пламени и равномерность температуры стенок камеры сгорания. Камера сгорания изготовлена из меди с площадью поперечного сечения 6 мм2. Соотношение сторон камеры сгорания (AR) варьировалось в пределах 1, 1,5, 2,67 и 6. СУГ и чистый кислород предварительно смешивались, и эксперимент проводился при ограниченной скорости потока. В качестве окислителя выбран чистый кислород с целью детально показать диапазон устойчивости пламени в пределах очень узкого расстояния затухания. Все наблюдаемое пламя находилось внутри камеры сгорания, а не снаружи канала. В данном исследовании использовался стабилизатор пламени нового типа, а именно двойной узкощелевой стабилизатор пламени. Стабилизатор пламени с двойной щелью и своего рода плохо обтекаемым телом в центре помогает рециркулировать поток и продлить время пребывания, чтобы сделать пламя более стабильным. Использование двойного узкощелевого стабилизатора пламени успешно расширило карту устойчивости до очень низкого коэффициента избытка воздуха (f). Однако, из-за очень высокой скорости распространения пламени присутствовала мертвая зона близко к стехиометрическому состоянию. Соотношение сторон сыграло важную роль для некруглой камеры сгорания. Соотношение сторон дало большой эффект в определении предела карты устойчивости, который может быть достигнут при обогащенной смеси. Камера сгорания с AR=1.5 имела самый широкий диапазон предела воспламеняемости, в то время как AR=6 имела самые узкие пределы устойчивости пламени. Однако в последней достигнута наиболее равномерная температура стенок, что имеет большое значение для высокоэффективного преобразования тепловой энергии в электрическую. Результаты данного исследования могут быть использованы при определении подходящей топливной смеси для мезомасштабной камеры сгорания в качестве источника тепла маломощного генератора/тепловой электрической системыДосліджено вплив співвідношення сторін прямокутної мезомасштабної камери згоряння з вузькощiльовим стабілізатором полум’я на межу стійкості полум’я, поведінку полум’я і рівномірність температури стінок камери згоряння.Камера згоряння виготовлена з міді з площею поперечного перерізу 6 мм2. Співвідношення сторін камери згоряння (AR) варіювалося в межах 1, 1,5, 2,67 і 6. ЗВГ і чистий кисень попередньо змішувалися, і експеримент проводився при обмеженій швидкості потоку. В якості окислювача обраний чистий кисень з метою детально показати діапазон стійкості полум’я в межах дуже вузької відстані загасання. Все спостережуване полум’я знаходилося всередині камери згоряння, а не зовні каналу. В даному дослідженні використовувався стабілізатор полум’я нового типу, а саме подвійний вузькощiльовийстабілізатор полум’я. Стабілізатор полум’я з подвійною щілиною і свого роду погано обтічним тілом в центрі допомагає рециркулювати потік і продовжити час перебування, щоб зробити полум’я більш стабільним. Використання подвійноговузькощiльового стабілізатора полум’я успішно розширило карту стійкості до дуже низького коефіцієнту надлишку повітря (f). Однак, через дуже високу швидкость поширення полум’я була присутня мертва зона близько до стехіометричного стану. Співвідношення сторін зіграло важливу роль для круглої камери згоряння. Співвідношення сторін дало великий ефект у визначенні межі карти стійкості, який може бути досягнутий при збагаченій суміші. Камера згоряння з AR=1.5 мала найширший діапазон межі займистості, в той час як AR=6 мала найвужчі межі стійкості полум'я. Однак в останній досягнута найбільш рівномірна температура стінок, що має велике значення для високоефективного перетворення теплової енергії в електричну. Результати даного дослідження можуть бути використані при визначенні підходящої паливної суміші для мезомасштабної камери згоряння в якості джерела тепла малопотужного генератора/теплової електричної систем

Flame Stability Measurement on Rectangular Slot Meso-Scale Combustor

The biggest problem of combustion in the micro-scale or meso-scale combustor is heat loss. Heat loss led to a difficult of stable flame. This research aims to elucidate the flame stabilization and flammability limit of LPG-oxygen premixed flame, temperature distribution and flame visualization. Flame stabilization and flammability limit map are shows in φ - U plane. The result shows that there are six regions in the map that is stable without noise, stable with noise, transition zone, dead zone, pseudo stable, and blow off. Measurement parameters are LPG-oxygen flow velocity at various equivalent ratio and temperature. The flame stabilization and flammability limit map within measurement parameters are discussed.</jats:p

The effect of magnetic field variations in a mixture of coconut oil and jatropha on flame stability and characteristics on the premixed combustion

This study investigates the effect of attracting and repels magnetic fields with the materials of vegetable oil in the form of a mixture of coconut oil and jatropha (B50) against the behavior of stability and characteristics of flame in the process of premixed burning. The fuel for a mixture of vegetable oil of 600 ml was filled into the boiler heated with a gas stove to be evaporated at a temperature of 300 °C and 3 bar pressure was kept constant was mixed with air from the compressor in the burner room. Then a flame was ignited at the end of the nozzle to form a diffusion flame, the flame formed was then given north (N) and south (S). The results showed that the flame speed of the attractive magnetic field was 52.22 cm/sec, the repulsive magnetic field was 50.49 cm/sec while without a magnetic field was 49.79 cm/sec. The increase in the laminar flame speed in the attractive magnetic field is caused by the electron spin becoming more energetic and due to the change in the spin of the hydrogen proton from para to ortho. The attractive magnetic field has the strongest effect on increasing the flame speed. This makes the flame more stable in the equivalency ratio range of 0.75–1.17 compared to without a magnetic field in the same equivalency ratio range. This was so because O2 where it is in nature of paramagnetic was pumped more crossing the flame from south to north poles whereas the heat brought by H2O in nature of diamagnetic was pumped more crossing north to south poles. Whereas on the repel magnetic field, it was hotter when brought by H2O pumped into the flame whereas O2 tended to be pumped going out of the flame. This caused the combustion in the flame was smaller and the reaction was not maximum. As a consequence, the laminar flame speed was more lacking and the reaction was not to the fullest. As a consequence, the laminar flame speed in the repel was fewer than the attract magnetic field</jats:p