British Motives in the Settlement of German Palatines in Colonial New York

In 1710, a group of German Palatine refugees landed in the New World courtesy of Britain’s Queen Anne. While British propaganda boasted charitable and religious motives behind the Palatine relocation to America—particularly in light of the Catholic-Protestant feud gripping Europe at that time—the historical record paints an alternative picture. Based on the evidence, the move was predominantly an act of convenience and profit to the Crown. Britain had a need to remove excess poor from its midst, make its northerly Colonies profitable, and ensure Colonial security in the face of Iroquois threat. England viewed the Palatines as an ethnically homogenous people whom they could exploit to meet these economic and security needs

Forging Insights: Indian Agency Blacksmiths of the American Frontier

Following the War of 1812, the United States government sought to more directly deal with the Native tribes in the American interior. The establishment of Indian agency blacksmith shops was one significant component of this endeavor. While it remains a virtually untouched topic in scholarship, the analysis of agency blacksmith services may reveal significant historical insights within topics as diverse as ethnic perception, material culture, frontier government practices, and language dynamics during a time of great upheaval. This case study of the blacksmith shop at the Fort Winnebago sub-agency in pre-state Wisconsin seeks to demonstrate the manner in which these institutions provide new opportunities for a better understanding of the cultural and political dynamics of the American frontier

Operation Barbarossa Interpreted in Light of the Primacy of Stalin\u27s Economic Plan and Trade with Germany

The controversy over who was the aggressor behind Operation Barbarossa, Hitler’s 1941 attack on the Soviet Union, has focused largely on political and military analyses. However, a study of Soviet economics sheds critical light on this debate. The success of Joseph Stalin’s regime rested squarely upon a foundation of economic growth. In the late 1930s, he viewed trade with Germany as the way to achieve his capital investment objectives. Any economic gains proffered by Stalin’s Third Five-Year Plan would be threatened by the prospect of war. Thus, Stalin tenaciously held to his non-aggression pact with Germany. It is the contention of this paper that, due to the primacy of Stalin’s economic plan involving trade with Germany, Stalin had no intent to violate the Molotov-Ribbentrop agreement. Hitler’s attack was aggressive, not preemptive

Influence of diesel fuel on seed germination

The use of plant-based systems to remediate contaminated soils has become an area of intense scientific study in recent years and it is apparent that plants which grow well in contaminated soils need to be identified and screened for use in phytoremediation technologies. This study investigated the effect of diesel fuel on germination of selected plant species. Germination response varied greatly with plant species and was species specific, as members of the same plant family showed differential sensitivity to diesel fuel contamination. Differences were also seen within plant subspecies. At relatively low levels of diesel fuel contamination, delayed seed emergence and reduced percentage germination was observed for the majority of plant species investigated. Results suggest the volatile fraction of diesel fuel played an influential role in delaying seed emergence and reducing percentage germination. In addition, the remaining diesel fuel in the soil Lidded to this inhibitory effect on germination by physically impeding water and oxygen transfer between the seed and the surrounding soil environment, thus hindering the germination response

Linear-in-mass-ratio contribution to spin precession and tidal invariants in Schwarzschild spacetime at very high post-Newtonian order

Using black hole perturbation theory and arbitrary-precision computer algebra, we obtain the post-Newtonian (pN) expansions of the linear-in-mass-ratio corrections to the spin-precession angle and tidal invariants for a particle in circular orbit around a Schwarzschild black hole. We extract coefficients up to 20pN order from numerical results that are calculated with an accuracy greater than 1 part in $10^{500}$. These results can be used to calibrate parameters in effective-one-body models of compact binaries, specifically the spin-orbit part of the effective Hamiltonian and the dynamically significant tidal part of the main radial potential of the effective metric. Our calculations are performed in a radiation gauge, which is known to be singular away from the particle. To overcome this irregularity, we define suitable Detweiler-Whiting singular and regular fields in this gauge, and we devise a rigorous mode-sum regularization method to compute the invariants constructed from the regular field

Deformations of spacetime and internal symmetries

Algebraic deformations provide a systematic approach to generalizing the symmetries of a physical theory through the introduction of new fundamental constants. The applications of deformations of Lie algebras and Hopf algebras to both spacetime and internal symmetries are discussed. As a specific example we demonstrate how deforming the classical flavor group $SU(3)$ to the quantum group $SU_q(3)\equiv U_q(su(3))$ (a Hopf algebra) and taking into account electromagnetic mass splitting within isospin multiplets leads to new and exceptionally accurate baryon mass sum rules that agree perfectly with experimental data.Comment: 5th International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics, Crete, Greece, July 6-14, 201

Quantum stochastic convolution cocycles II

Schuermann's theory of quantum Levy processes, and more generally the theory of quantum stochastic convolution cocycles, is extended to the topological context of compact quantum groups and operator space coalgebras. Quantum stochastic convolution cocycles on a C*-hyperbialgebra, which are Markov-regular, completely positive and contractive, are shown to satisfy coalgebraic quantum stochastic differential equations with completely bounded coefficients, and the structure of their stochastic generators is obtained. Automatic complete boundedness of a class of derivations is established, leading to a characterisation of the stochastic generators of *-homomorphic convolution cocycles on a C*-bialgebra. Two tentative definitions of quantum Levy process on a compact quantum group are given and, with respect to both of these, it is shown that an equivalent process on Fock space may be reconstructed from the generator of the quantum Levy process. In the examples presented, connection to the algebraic theory is emphasised by a focus on full compact quantum groups.Comment: 32 pages, expanded introduction and updated references. The revised version will appear in Communications in Mathematical Physic