The Augmentation of Radical Ideas and the Role of Islamic Educational System in Malaysia

This article analyses how the Islamic educational system in Malaysia, particularly the role played by madrasahs and pondoks,shapes its graduates' perception and mindset. The questions that will be raised are therefore: to what extent does Islamic education in Malaysia contribute to the rise of radical Muslims? What aspects of the teachings, pedagogy and/or curriculum provided in the Islamic educational system is capable of generating feelings of hatred against non-Muslims in Malaysia's multi-religious society. Are there other independent variables that may contribute to, and explain why, the Islamic educational school system has been identified as breeding ground for Muslim terror- ism? The scope of this paper then focuses on the traditional Islamic educational system especially the partially state funded and privately run madrasahs and pondoks.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v16i1.49

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE P&I CLUB AS A PROTECTION FOR INDONESIAN CARRIER

Sea transportation experiences risks and material loss in its operation. The most significant risks include damage to the vessel and sea pollution due to ship collisions and accidents. The carrier should prioritize the risks. When the underwriter does not cover the risk, the shipowner should establish an association covering the loss among the members to the extent the underwriter does not cover it. This study will examine the importance of the Rule to P&I Clubs and its impact on Indonesian carriers and will also find the differences between P&I Club and Insurance. The research adopts Library Resarch Method, dogmatic legal approach, a descriptive and analytical nature.  Due to the method, the following sources have been used: Convention law, domestic legislation, case law, legal textbooks, journal articles, P&I Club Rules, preparatory works, and websites of international organizations and law firms. P&I CLUB covers many accidents which are not covered by any marine insurance. In pollution accidents, P&I covers every detail of the impact of pollution. The difference between P&I Club with marine loss insurance, in general, is that P&I Club covers the loss/damage more extensively, which is not covered by any marine insurance. Keywords: Protection, Indemnity, Carrier

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE P&I CLUB AS A PROTECTION FOR INDONESIAN CARRIER

Sea transportation experiences risks and material loss in its operation. The most significant risks include damage to the vessel and sea pollution due to ship collisions and accidents. The carrier should prioritize the risks. When the underwriter does not cover the risk, the shipowner should establish an association covering the loss among the members to the extent the underwriter does not cover it. This study will examine the importance of the Rule to P&I Clubs and its impact on Indonesian carriers and will also find the differences between P&I Club and Insurance. The research adopts Library Resarch Method, dogmatic legal approach, a descriptive and analytical nature.  Due to the method, the following sources have been used: Convention law, domestic legislation, case law, legal textbooks, journal articles, P&I Club Rules, preparatory works, and websites of international organizations and law firms. P&I CLUB covers many accidents which are not covered by any marine insurance. In pollution accidents, P&I covers every detail of the impact of pollution. The difference between P&I Club with marine loss insurance, in general, is that P&I Club covers the loss/damage more extensively, which is not covered by any marine insurance. Keywords: Protection, Indemnity, Carrier

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE P&I CLUB AS A PROTECTION FOR INDONESIAN CARRIER

Sea transportation experiences risks and material loss in its operation. The most significant risks include damage to the vessel and sea pollution due to ship collisions and accidents. The carrier should prioritize the risks. When the underwriter does not cover the risk, the shipowner should establish an association covering the loss among the members to the extent the underwriter does not cover it. This study will examine the importance of the Rule to P&I Clubs and its impact on Indonesian carriers and will also find the differences between P&I Club and Insurance. The research adopts Library Resarch Method, dogmatic legal approach, a descriptive and analytical nature.  Due to the method, the following sources have been used: Convention law, domestic legislation, case law, legal textbooks, journal articles, P&I Club Rules, preparatory works, and websites of international organizations and law firms. P&I CLUB covers many accidents which are not covered by any marine insurance. In pollution accidents, P&I covers every detail of the impact of pollution. The difference between P&I Club with marine loss insurance, in general, is that P&I Club covers the loss/damage more extensively, which is not covered by any marine insurance. Keywords: Protection, Indemnity, Carrier

Ethnic and religious tolerance: barrier factors and improvement measures based on Malay youth perspectives in Malaysia

Ethnic and religious unity is a thing that every country wishes for not exempting Malaysia. Tolerance among the population is very much expected to achieve this. Nevertheless, ethnic and religious diversity in Malaysia is often seen as a challenge for realizing tolerance and thus creating unity. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the barrier factors for ethnic and religious tolerance while at the same time identifying proposals for improvement measures to tolerance among the community. Hence, the Focus Group Discussion or FGD study design was used by involving 20 Malay youth informants as information providers. As a result of the analysis it can be concluded that there are six themes that exist as a barrier factor to ethnic and religious tolerance, namely (i) social gap; 38.06 percent, (ii) political debate; 16.42 percent, (iii) religious differences; 16.42 percent, (iv) economic inequality; 11.94 percent, (v) rights and constitution; 11.94 percent, and (vi) primordial sentiment; 5.22 percent. Meanwhile, in addressing the problem of ethnic and religious tolerance, the informants also proposed four perspectives on improvement measures i.e. (i) social empowerment; 71.19 percent, (ii) political role; 15.25 percent, (iii) the rule of law; 10.17 percent, and (iv) maintaining the image of Islam; 3.39 percent. The issues are important to be scrutinized because the practice of good ethnic and religious tolerance can unite the community, thereby driving the stability and progress of the country

Serbuan, pengusiran dan krisis tenaga kerja di Malaysia : dilema negara dan dasar tenaga kerja asing di Sabah (Raid, deportation and labour crisis in Malaysia: state dilemma and foreign workers policies in Sabah

Sabah state is considered to accommodate the highest number of immigrants and foreign workers in Malaysia. This situation raises concern for the Sabahan and politicians in this country. However, this situation and the problems of immigrants and foreign workers in Sabah today cannot be understood simply by looking at the recent developments. This is due to the fact that it is necessary to look back to the process of Sabah’s economic development and urgent labour force demands in the last few decades. Therefore, this paper offers a genealogy of Sabah policies on foreign workers by focusing on the development of the state's economy and labour shortage crisis since the colonial period until the recent days. With this regard, despite the fact that some efforts and policies have been undertaken by the government (federal and state levels) and also private initiatives, however, it continues to be a major obstacle for the state’s economic development. Therefore, if the Sabah state wants to move into a developed state such as the states in the peninsula, the issue of labour shortages become a major barrier. In other words, economic development and modernization will not succeed without foreign workers, mainly Indonesian workers

PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI DAN KRISIS TENAGA KERJA DI MALAYSIA: Geneologi Tenaga Kerja Asing di Sabah

Sabah pada hari ini dianggap sebagai negeri yang paling banyak menerima kehadiran pendatang dan pekerja asing di Malaysia. Keadaan ini menimbulkan kebimbangan kepada penduduk dan juga ahli-ahli politik di negeri ini. Namun, situasi dan masalah pendatang asing dan tenaga kerja asing di Sabah seperti yang menjadi perbualan hangat pada hari ini tidak boleh difahami hanya dengan melihat kepada perkembangan yang berlaku kebelakangan ini. Ini kerana ia perlu melihat kepada proses pembangunan ekonomi di Sabah dan keperluan tenaga kerja yang mendesak di negeri Sabah sejak beberapa dekad. Oleh itu, artikel ini cuba untuk melihat geneologi dasar pekerja asing di negeri Sabah dengan memfokuskan kepada pembangunan ekonomi negeri Sabah dan krisis kekurangan tenaga kerja di negeri ini sejak negeri ini di bawah pentadbiran penjajah sehinggalah ke hari ini. Dalam hal ini, walaupun beberapa usaha telah dijalankan oleh pihak kerajaan (sama ada kerajaan persekutuan dan negeri) serta inisiatif swasta, namun masalah krisis kekurangan tenaga kerja ini masih menjadi hambatan utama kepada pembangunan ekonomi negeri Sabah. Oleh itu, apabila negeri Sabah ingin bergerak menjadi sebuah negeri maju setanding dengan negeri-negeri di Semenanjung, isu kekurangan tenaga kerja menjadi penghalang yang utama kepada hal ini. Dengan kata lain, pembangunan dan modenesasi ekonomi negeri Sabah tidak akan dapat dilaksanakan tanpa tenaga kerja asing di negeri ini, terutamanya pekerja asing Indonesia. Katakunci: Pekerja Asing, Ekonomi, Sabah, Indonesia, Malaysia

Conceptualizing jihad among Southeast Asia’s radical salafi movements

The major argument in this article is that the contemporary concept of jihad inclines to have a heavy personal political baggage. In Southeast Asia, the talibanization and the influence of the al-Qaeda interpretation of the jihad appear to have made their inroad in regional radical salafi movements such as the Jamaah Islamiyah (JI), Jama’ah Anshorut Tauhid (JAT), and Hizbut Tahrir (HT). Radical salafi differs from the traditional salafi given its belief in the use of force to achieve religious-political objectives. Indonesia has been the center for these movements and their presence has been felt in Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Thailand and Philippines. Some of them have been active in propagating the new concept of jihad. Therefore, this article maps out the conception of jihad as it is propounded by the three movements. It discusses how the conception of these movements of jihad has departed from the earlier salafi movements. In addition, it discusses how the idea has been expanded from Indonesia to other parts of the Southeast Asian archipelago

Iranian interest in Iraq in the post-Saddam era

Iran's geographical location together with its vast amount of natural resources are the main factors that drives Iran’s expansionary desire and hegemony in the Arab Gulf region.Iraq has become an essential part in the strategies of Iranian decision-makers after 2003 that has to be maintained.Iran’s top priority was that Iraq must become a part of Iran's sphere of influence in competition with the U.S. presence in the Gulf in the post-Saddam Era.Iran takes advantage of its relations with the Iraqi government formed after 2003 to achieve its political and economic goals.This paper discusses and analyzes the role of political and economic interests of Iran in Iraq in the post-Saddam Era

Managing terrorism and insurgency through African traditional institutions: the role of Kano Emirate Council – Nigeria

Although Nigeria, like most developing countries is facing various security challenges, recent media reports suggest that activities of Boko Haram insurgent group appears to be the most visible source of security threat to the country. Beginning 2009, the group launched violent attack on the Nigerian state, killing thousands of people and destroying public and private properties in different parts of the country.Globally, the group is now labeled as one of the most deadly insurgent/terrorist groups in the world.Like most insurgent or terrorist groups, it seems to defy several counter terrorism measures introduced by the Nigerian government.Arising from this background, many Nigerians are calling for the involvement of traditional institutions in the fight against the insurgent or terrorist groups. This article attempts to examine the role which African traditional institutions can play in managing the menace of such groups. Methodologically, in-depth interview was adopted for the study using Kano Emirate Council as case study.Thus, among the findings of the study is that traditional institutions occupy a strategic position in Nigerian setting which make them relevant in the fight against insurgents.In this article we argue that considering the closeness of the institutions to the communities, lack of modern security monitoring equipment and comprehensive data on the population for security agencies to keep abreast with the happenings in the society, the Nigerian government should create a framework to synergize between the institutions and the contemporary security agencies