Comparison of satisfaction with residential components between previous and current unplanned neighbourhoods among young households in Kano, Nigeria

Studies on residential satisfaction in unplanned neighbourhoods have focused on social interactions and overall satisfaction with housing and neighbourhood as well as the decision to move. Few studies have focused on the comparison of satisfaction with residential components between previous and current unplanned neighbourhoods. This study compares satisfaction with residential components between previous and current unplanned neighbourhoods among young households in Kano Metropolitan, Nigeria with a view to provide a database to the policy makers on the housing situations in unplanned neighbourhoods. Data for this study was obtained from 364 randomly selected heads of young households in unplanned neighbourhoods in Kano city using self-administered questionnaire survey. Yeh’s Index of satisfaction (YIS) was used in the data analyses to compare the level of satisfaction with residential components (housing and neighbourhood) between the previous and current neighbourhoods among the respondents. The findings showed that there were differences in satisfaction with the components the previous and current unplanned neighbourhoods. The findings further revealed that the respondents were very highly satisfied with current housing features and housing conditions, while moderately satisfied with neighbourhood amenities and accessibility in the current neighbourhoods. However, the respondents were dissatisfied with all the residential components in the previous neighbourhoods. Thus, the respondents were most satisfied with housing and neighbourhood components in the current than in the previous neighbourhoods. It is recommended that policy makers and urban and housing planners should pay more attention to the aspects of residential components that the young households were not highly satisfied with in future policy for improving residential situation of households living in unplanned areas in major cities

Relationship between background characteristics and residential satisfaction of young households in unplanned neighbourhoods in Kano, Nigeria

This study examined the relationship between background characteristics and residential satisfaction of young households in unplanned neighbourhoods in Kano, Nigeria. Data was collected from 364 respondents using self-administered questionnaire from three unplanned neighbourhoods. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed age, household income, household size, total number of bedrooms and total number of rooms had positive significant relationship with residential satisfaction of young households in unplanned neighbourhood in the study area. However, there was no significant relationship between length of residence and residential satisfaction of the young households. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that residential satisfaction differed between tenure status and house type of the respondent, while residential satisfaction did not differ between levels of education. Independent t-test revealed that there was no significant difference between employment status and residential satisfaction of the respondents. These relationships indicate that those who are older, higher income and bigger household size, with more room are more satisfied. It is recommended that policy makers and planning authorities should give more emphasis on the improvement of housing situations of young households and their income to enhance their residential satisfaction

Application of Principal Component Analysis & Multiple Regression Models in Surface Water Quality Assessment

Principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regressions were applied on the surface water quality data with the aim of identifying the pollution sources and their contribution toward water quality variation. Surface water samples were collected from four different sampling points along Jakara River. Fifteen physico-chemical water quality parameters were selected for analysis: dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), pH, conductivity, salinity, temperature, nitrogen in the form of ammonia (NH3), turbidity, dissolved solids (DS), total solids (TS), nitrates (NO3), chloride (Cl) and phosphates (PO43-). PCA was used to investigate the origin of each water quality parameters and yielded five varimax factors with 83.1% total variance and in addition PCA identified five latent pollution sources namely: ionic, erosion, domestic, dilution effect and agricultural run-off. Multiple linear regressions identified the contribution of each variable with significant value (r 0.970, R2 0.942, p < 0.01). Keywords: River, Stepwise regression, Varimax factor, Varimax rotation, Water pollutio

Teachers’ Awareness of the Value Component of the National Policy on Education in Nigeria

Nigerians as a people are in dire need of value re-orientation in order to stem the tide of negative social values that are bedevilling the country. Education has crucial role to play in the efforts towards value regeneration and reorientation because the youth of the nation spend their formative years in the school system. This study investigated the level of secondary school teachers’ awareness of the National Policy on Education (NPE) with regard to the value components of the Policy. A descriptive survey design was employed to collect data for the study, using a sample of 301 secondary school teachers in Kano state, Nigeria. The data collection instrument was a self-developed and validated 16 items questionnaire. Data collected through the instruments were analysed using SPSS 20; descriptive statistics (Frequency, Percentage, Mean, and Standard Deviation) and inferential statistics (i.e., Independent sampled t-test and One-Way ANOVA) were used to analyse the data. Findings reveal that, the secondary schools teachers have no access to the NPE document and possess moderate level of awareness of the value component of NPE. Similarly, there is no significant difference in the teachers’ level of awareness with respect to gender, qualifications and teaching experiences. Based on the findings of this study it can be concluded that, the secondary school teachers have limited access to the NPE documents and irrespective of their gender, qualifications and years of teaching experience possess moderate level of awareness of the value component of NPEs in Kano state. It is therefore recommended among others that, relevant authorities should provide more copies of the latest edition of the NPE in school libraries; In-service training of teachers should include sensitization on the contents and relevance of the policy document to their work as teachers. Moreover, in-service training of teachers should include inculcation of skills of identifying the value components of school subjects and the retraining should be all-inclusive to accommodate teachers of all cadres

NIGERIAN POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE AND PERCEIVED COMPETENCE IN USING ICT RESOURCES FOR RESEARCH PURPOSE

The study aims to investigate the attitudes of Nigerian postgraduate students towards information and communication technology (ICT) and their perceived competence in using ICT resources for research purpose. The influence of field of studies on their competence and attitude were also examined. A total of 77 Nigerian postgraduate students at a university in Malaysia were randomly selected for the study. Data collected through questionnaires were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistic approaches. The analysis reveals that majority of the postgraduate students have positive attitude towards ICT and they perceive that they are competent in using several basic ICT tools. There is no significant difference between science and non-science based postgraduate students’ attitudes, however, there is significant difference in their perceived competence. This paper concludes that the postgraduate students require more hands-on experiences and special training programs so that they can maximize the use of ICT for research purpose. It is hoped that the findings revealed in this study will help the policy makers in designing necessary courses to improve the quality of postgraduates in the country.Keywords: Information and communication technology, Malaysia, Nigerian student, postgraduate, students’ attitudeCite as: Bichi, A.A., Embong, R., & Rashid, R.A. (2017). Nigerian postgraduate students’ attitude and perceived competence in using ICT resources for research purpose. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(2), 224-230.  http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol2iss2pp224-23

Off–Campus Students’ Housing Impacts in the Neighbourhood of Aliko Dangote University of Science and Technology, Wudil

The study examined the economic and environmental impact of off-campus Student housing in six selected neighbourhoods of ADUSTECH, Wudil. Systematic sampling was adopted in collecting the data from 318 respondents out of 1,487population of Off-Campus students’ accommodation in the neighbourhoods with the aid of a questionnaire. The data was analyzed using both descriptive statistics and chi-square. The findings revealed that off-campus students experienced high and increasing house rent in the neighbourhoods as most respondents agree that there is a high and rising rate of accessing off-campus accommodation in the study area. The findings also revealed that most of the respondents agree that the environment suffered serious littering and noise pollution from the students. It is recommended that regular environmental sanitation of the surroundings by the students and the community members will reduce environmental problems facing the neighbourhoods. Also, local authorities are advised to cultivate a feedback mechanism within the areas where students live to enable leadership to feel the pulse of students and make positive corrections where needed. The university management also needs to collaborate with the neighbourhood associations to provide security and monitoring of student’s activities

Comparison of Satisfaction with Residential Components between Previous and Current Unplanned Neighbourhoods among Young Households in Kano, Nigeria

Studies on residential satisfaction in unplanned neighbourhoods have focused on social interactions and overall satisfaction with housing and neighbourhood as well as the decision to move.  Few studies have focused on the comparison of satisfaction with residential components between previous and current unplanned neighbourhoods. This study compares satisfaction with residential components between previous and current unplanned neighbourhoods among young households in Kano Metropolitan, Nigeria with a view to provide a database to the policy makers on the housing situations in unplanned neighbourhoods. Data for this study was obtained from 364 randomly selected heads of young households in unplanned neighbourhoods in Kano city using self-administered questionnaire survey. Yeh’s Index of satisfaction (YIS) was used in the data analyses to compare the level of satisfaction with residential components (housing and neighbourhood) between the previous and current neighbourhoods among the respondents. The findings showed that there were differences in satisfaction with the components the previous and current unplanned neighbourhoods. The findings further revealed that the respondents were very highly satisfied with current housing features and housing conditions, while moderately satisfied with neighbourhood amenities and accessibility in the current neighbourhoods. However, the respondents were dissatisfied with all the residential components in the previous neighbourhoods. Thus, the respondents were most satisfied with housing and neighbourhood components in the current than in the previous neighbourhoods. It is recommended that policy makers and urban and housing planners should pay more attention to the aspects of residential components that the young households were not highly satisfied with in future policy for improving residential situation of households living in unplanned areas in major cities.   Keywords: Residential satisfaction, residential components, unplanned neighbourhoods, young households, housin

Toward a real-time TCP SYN Flood DDoS mitigation using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy classifier and SDN Assistance in Fog Computing

The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has recently impacted our daily lives in many ways. As a result, a massive volume of data is generated and needs to be processed in a short period of time. Therefore, the combination of computing models such as cloud computing is necessary. The main disadvantage of the cloud platform is its high latency due to the centralized mainframe. Fortunately, a distributed paradigm known as fog computing has emerged to overcome this problem, offering cloud services with low latency and high-access bandwidth to support many IoT application scenarios. However, Attacks against fog servers can take many forms, such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks that severely affect the reliability and availability of fog services. To address these challenges, we propose mitigation of Fog computing-based SYN Flood DDoS attacks using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) Assistance (FASA). The simulation results show that FASA system outperforms other algorithms in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. This shows how crucial our system is for detecting and mitigating TCP SYN floods DDoS attacks.Comment: 16 page

Toward a Real-Time TCP SYN Flood DDoS Mitigation Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Classifier and SDN Assistance in Fog Computing

The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has recently impacted our daily lives in many ways. As a result, a massive volume of data are generated and need to be processed in a short period of time. Therefore, a combination of computing models such as cloud computing is necessary. The main disadvantage of the cloud platform is its high latency due to the centralized mainframe. Fortunately, a distributed paradigm known as fog computing has emerged to overcome this problem, offering cloud services with low latency and high-access bandwidth to support many IoT application scenarios. However, attacks against fog servers can take many forms, such as distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks that severely affect the reliability and availability of fog services. To address these challenges, we propose mitigation of fog computing-based SYN Flood DDoS attacks using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and software defined networking (SDN) assistance (FASA). The simulation results show that the FASA system outperforms other algorithms in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. This shows how crucial our system is for detecting and mitigating TCP-SYN floods and DDoS attacks

Influence of residential characteristics and preferences on residential satisfaction among young households in unplanned neighbourhoods in Kano, Nigeria

The main objective of the study was to examine the influence of residential characteristics and preferences on residential satisfaction among young households in unplanned neighbourhoods in Kano, Nigeria. Three and sixty eight (368) young households whose heads aged 45 years and below who moved to unplanned neighbourhoods within the period of three to five years in Kano Metropolis were selected as respondents for this study. This study employed multistage cluster sampling to select three unplanned neighbourhoods namely; Wailari, Dorayi-Karama and Gama E and systematic random sampling was utilized to select the respondents. A questionnaire survey was adapted from previous studies for the data collection and the researcher and trained enumerators collected the data. The questionnaire consisted of questions on previous and current neighbourhoods regarding household and residential characteristics and residential satisfaction and residential preferences. Data analysis utilized descriptive statistics such as percentages and Yeh’s Index of Satisfaction and inferential statistics such as Pearson’s correlation, multiple regression and mediation analyses. Results of descriptive statistics of the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics showed that the respondents had mean age of 39 years, 6 household members, majority had formal education and owned single family houses (attached) with 3 - 4 rooms, and lived there for 4 - 5 years. The results of Yeh’s Satisfaction Index (YIS), revealed that the respondents had very low (dissatisfied) to low levels of satisfaction with almost all the items and residential characteristics components (housing features, housing conditions, neighbourhood facilities and neighbourhood accessibility) for previous neighbourhoods. For the current neighbourhoods, the respondents had high levels of satisfaction with almost all the items and the previous residential characteristics components. Correlations between socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, previous residential characteristics, residential preferences and satisfaction were investigated. The result indicated age of respondents; household income, household size,tenure (renter), tenure (owner) number of bedrooms and number of rooms, had significant relationship with the current residential satisfaction. Other factors with significant relationship with current residential satisfaction were previous neighbourhood facilities, housing features preference, housing amenities preference, housing conditions preference, housing safety, and security preference, neighbourhood facilities preference, neighbourhood amenity preference, and neighbourhood accessibility preference. However, length of residence, previous housing features, previous housing conditions, and previous neighbourhood accessibility did not have a significant relationship with the current residential satisfaction. The results of multiple regression analysis on the factors that contribute to the current residential satisfaction of the respondents indicated that five predictor variables explained 46.5% of the variance in the current residential satisfaction. These variables were age of respondents (β =.146, t = 3.272, p =.001) and total number of rooms (β =.165, t = 3.297, p =.001). Other significant factors also included housing features preference (β =.331, t = 7.225, p =.000), housing conditions preference (β =.111, t =2.264, p =.024) and neighbourhood amenities preference (β =.203, t = 2.963, p =.003). The model did not show significant contributions of household size, household monthly income, tenure (owner), tenure (renter), total number of bedrooms, previous neighbourhood facilities, housing amenities preference, housing safety and security preference and, neighbourhood facilities preference, and neighbourhood accessibility preference to the current residential satisfaction of the respondents. The result of moderation analysis using the bootstrapping method indicated that there was a significant indirect mediating effect of residential preference on the relationship between previous residential characteristics and current residential satisfaction. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and some residential preference components had significant influence on residential satisfaction among young households in unplanned neighbourhoods in Kano, while previous residential characteristics had little contribution to their residential satisfaction. Findings on the mediation role of residential preference have an implication of the need to provide housing that satisfied their needs and preference. Thus, policy makers and planners have to consider housing features preference and amenities preference of young households for planned housing decisions