Synthesis and Study Properties Physical and Biological of Some Dihydrazone Derivatives

Synthesis a number of some new of Dihydrazones compounds through condensation of thiocarbohydrozid with substituted aromatic aldehyde by Microwave method. The Microwave methods were unique in being very fast with high yield. Experimental values of viscosity are presented for the mixtures of Dihydrazones compounds with water over the whole mole fraction range at 298.15, 308.15, 318.15 and 328.15 K. The data were used to calculate excess viscosity, ?ln?. The results have been discussed in terms of the nature of solvent-solut interaction in the mixture. The microbial inhibitory effect of the new agents has been assessed in vitro against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria activity. All Dihydrazones have been characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectra. Keywords: Dihydrazones, microwave irradiation, antibacterial activity, viscosity

Teorijsko ab initio proučavanje učinaka električnog polja na građu i stabilnost baznog para G:C

The effect of applied external electric field on DNA occurs mostly at high field intensity. The results of a theoretical ab initio study of effects of applied electric field on G:C base pair components are reported. The geometries of the local minima were optimized without the symmetry restrictions by the gradient procedure at density-functional level of the theory and were verified by calculations of the second derivative of energy. The standard CEP-31G basis set was used. The geometrical parameters, relative stability and interaction energies are reported. The electric field mutation could be classified as a multi-point mutation.Učinak vanjskog električnog polja na DNA javlja se najčešće za jaka polja. Izvješćujemo o ishodima proučavanja učinaka vanjskog električnog polja na sastavnice baznog para G:C polazeći od osnova teorije. Razmještaj lokalnih minimuma smo optimizirali bez ograničenja na uvjete simetrije rabeći gradijentan postupak na razini teorije funkcionala gustoće i provjerili računima drugih derivacija energije. Primijenili smo uobičajen osnovni skup CEP-31G. Izvješćujemo o promjenama razmaka, stabilnosti i energijama međudjelovanja. Mutacije električnim poljem mogle bi se razvrstati u višemjesne mutacije

The effect of network’s size on the performance of the gateway discovery and selection scheme for MANEMO

In the era of Internet technology, new applications are developed everyday requiring continuous and seamless connections. This urges for access availability solutions to the new scenarios. One of the critical architecture is the Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Mobility (MANEMO). However, the integration of Ad-hoc and NEMO technologies came out with many complications like redundant tunnels and the existence of multiple Exit Routers. This paper presents a scheme to discover and select the optimum gateway to improve the robustness and the performance of the network irrespective of the used routing protocol. The MANEMO Gateway discovery and selection scheme (MGDSS) extends the Tree Discovery Protocol and the Neighborhood Discovery protocol used by NEMO and Ad-Hoc to carry the necessary gateway selection parameters. To compare the effect of network’s size on the performance of the proposed scheme, the standard NEMO BSP and the Multi-homed MANEMO (M-MANEMO) approaches OPNET Modeler 14.5 was used. The results show that the average data packets dropped, the end-to-end delay and the throughput of the proposed MGDSS outperform those for the standard M-MANEMO and standard NEMO BSP. Keywords: Gateway Selection, Mobile Ad Hoc NEMO, MANEMO, Network Mobility, MANE

The effect of network’s size on the performance of the gGateway discovery and selection scheme for MANEMO

Abstract In the era of Internet technology, new applications are developed everyday requiring continuous and seamless connections. This urges for access availability solutions to the new scenarios. One of the critical architecture is the Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Mobility (MANEMO). However, the integration of Ad-hoc and NEMO technologies came out with many complications like redundant tunnels and the existence of multiple Exit Routers. This paper presents a scheme to discover and select the optimum gateway to improve the robustness and the performance of the network irrespective of the used routing protocol. The MANEMO Gateway discovery and selection scheme (MGDSS) extends the Tree Discovery Protocol and the Neighborhood Discovery protocol used by NEMO and Ad-Hoc to carry the necessary gateway selection parameters. To compare the effect of network’s size on the performance of the proposed scheme, the standard NEMO BSP and the Multi-homed MANEMO (M-MANEMO) approaches OPNET Modeler 14.5 was used. The results show that the average data packets dropped, the end-to-end delay and the throughput of the proposed MGDSS outperform those for the standard M-MANEMO and standard NEMO BSP. Keywords: Gateway Selection, Mobile Ad Hoc NEMO, MANEMO, Network Mobility, MANET ,

Prevalence and Causes of Blindness: Results from Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) survey in Gezira State, Sudan, 2010

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of avoidable blindness in people aged 50 years and older in Gezira state, Sudan using Rapid Assessment for Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) methodology. Design: Cross-sectional population-based survey. Participants: Forty three clusters of 50 people aged 50 years or older were selected by probability proportionate to size sampling of clusters. Households within clusters were selected through compact segment sampling. A total of 2150 eligible persons were selected, of whom 2103 (97.8%) were examined. Methods: Participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination in their homes by specially trained ophthalmic teams, including measurement of visual acuity (VA) with a tumbling-E chart and the diagnosis of the principal cause of visual impairment. Results: The prevalence of bilateral blindness (presenting VA < 3/60) was 9.37% (95% confidence interval [CI], ±1.95), and prevalence of bilateral visual impairment (VA of <6/18-6/60) was 3.9% (95% CI, ±1.10) in the sample. Definite avoidable causes of blindness (i.e., cataract, refractive error, trachoma, and corneal scarring) were responsible for 74.6% of bilateral blindness. Cataract was the major cause of blindness (57.4%) followed by glaucoma (17.3%). Conclusions: The prevalence of blindness in people aged 50 years and older in Gezira state was slightly higher than expected. The main cause of blindness is cataract, followed by glaucoma. Three quarters of blindness is due to avoidable causes

A review of 5G technology: architecture and challenges

5G Networks are considered as a new evolution since it aims to increase the wireless capacity 1000 times the previous generations. It is the networks that enabling the Internet of Things (IoT) and the Internet of Everything (IoE) by connecting 7 billion people and 7 trillion “things” while saving 90% Energy and perceiving Zero Latency. In this article, we summarize the deployment requirements and challenges of 5G Networks. First, the overall network architecture and network slicing framework including the service-type slicing and the infrastructure slicing are investigated. Later, the spectrum and multiple access techniques are explained. Finally, the challenges and the available solutions have been discussed

Simulation of handoff algorithm for NDN producer’s mobility

Named Data networking is a novel communication scheme designed for efficient data dissemination. NDN is cantered on content management to improve on IP challenges such mobility, scalability, security and better quality of service. In this paper, producer’s mobility between two points is set-up for simulation using hard handoff technique. In this form of handoff, the carrier frequency of a connecting access gateway remains the same with the newly visited gateway of the producer (i.e intra-frequency). The mobile producer in node 3 is requesting a video content to another producer in node 4 while in a state of mobility. We considered anchorless technique of managing mobility of the nodes and simulation ensures that contents still receive routing update as they achieve handoff. These set-ups of simulation were conducted using NetSim version 12.10 software. In the results, we present video application throughput and the link throughput of link 1, link 2 and link 7 and comprehend that, efficiency and seamless mobility is realized using video application as compared to link throughout. Network and queued metrics also present more results being generated after the simulation processes. The algorithm of our inputs is tested in MATLAB and part of the coding system is build using visual studio 2015 which by default, is compatible with NetSim “binary” and “dll” folders

Exploration of the Human Microbiome’s Role in Health and Disease through the Lens of Genetics

The human microbiome is a complex ecosystem of bacteria residing in the body. It plays a crucial role in safeguarding the overall well-being of individuals while also making them more vulnerable to various diseases. The human microbiota, genetics, and health have a complex connection, which is significant for maintaining health and preventing infections. The microbiome has a role in several gastrointestinal, skin, dental, and systemic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders. Genetic variation and lifestyle and dietary choices modify the microbiome composition, thereby influencing the risk of developing severe infections. The microbiome impacts host gene expression and acts as a biomarker for several diseases. The gut microbiome and genes are linked in the pathogenesis of obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, this review focuses on the relationship between the microbiome and genetics and elucidation of the complexity of this connection. Future research-based microbiome interventions to prevent diseases could lead to strategies for personalized medicine that enhance treatment efficacy and health outcomes

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Doxycycline: Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potential and Organ-specific Toxicity

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have wide applicability as antimicrobial, biomedical, and anti-cancer drug delivery systems. This study aimed to synthesize Ag-NPs using green methodology to assess their antimicrobial properties and toxicity. Ag-NPs were prepared using doxycycline, an antibiotic serving as a reducing and capping agent. The synthesized Ag-NPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry. The antimicrobial efficacy of doxycycline-mediated Ag-NPs was assessed on Candida species in vitro and for toxicity in male albino mice in vivo. The Ag-NPs showed a surface plasmon resonance at 411 nm, indicating a 90 nm average size and spherical shape. Toxicity was tested on mouse organs (liver, kidney, spleen, heart and stomach) using three Ag-NP doses (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) over 14 days. The synthesized Ag-NPs produced large inhibition zones against two well-known fungal species, C. albicans and C. tropicalis, demonstrating their antimicrobial potential. The Ag-NPs showed varying degrees of toxicity in different mouse organs, depending on the administered dose, with more pronounced adverse effects observed at higher concentrations. Periodic administration of Ag-NPs at low-dose volumes holds promise as a safe approach to their use as antimicrobial agents. Low-dose Ag-NPs are minimally toxic and show strong antimicrobial efficacy