6,994 research outputs found
RRS Discovery Cruise 365, 11 May-02 Jun 2011. The Extended Ellett Line 2011
The Extended Ellett Line is a full-depth hydrographic section between Iceland, 60°N 20°W, Rockall and Scotland. The original Ellett Line across the Rockall Trough was first occupied in 1975 when measurements were attempted four times a year. In 1996 the line was extended to Iceland and since then has been occupied approximately annually. The data form a 35 year time series of the oceanic conditions west of the British Isles.The section monitors the characteristics of the warm water inflow into the Nordic Seas and thence to the Arctic, and observes part of the returning cold water outflow with easurements of the Iceland-Scotland Overflow and the overflow of the Wyville-Thomson Ridge into the Rockall Trough.The 2011 occupation, RRS Discovery cruise 365, was curtailed by both technical problems and bad weather. 45 of the 48 CTD stations were worked between the Iceland and Scotland shelf edges. Line G, part of the SAMS observation network of the Scottish continental shelf was partially completed, with 4 stations at the western end not worked. Samples were taken for CFC and SF6 analysis, DIC and alkalinity, inorganic nutrients, aluminium, POC, bacterial abundance and biomass, and for phytoplankton community structure. Plans to repeat stations, to collect validation data for the SAMS glider and to investigate eddies in the Rockall Trough had to be abandoned
Single-cell analysis of chromatin and expression reveals age- and sex-associated alterations in the human heart
Sex differences and age-related changes in the human heart at the tissue, cell, and molecular level have been well-documented and many may be relevant for cardiovascular disease. However, how molecular programs within individual cell types vary across individuals by age and sex remains poorly characterized. To better understand this variation, we performed single-nucleus combinatorial indexing (sci) ATAC- and RNA-Seq in human heart samples from nine donors. We identify hundreds of differentially expressed genes by age and sex and find epigenetic signatures of variation in ATAC-Seq data in this discovery cohort. We then scale up our single-cell RNA-Seq analysis by combining our data with five recently published single nucleus RNA-Seq datasets of healthy adult hearts. We find variation such as metabolic alterations by sex and immune changes by age in differential expression tests, as well as alterations in abundance of cardiomyocytes by sex and neurons with age. In addition, we compare our adult-derived ATAC-Seq profiles to analogous fetal cell types to identify putative developmental-stage-specific regulatory factors. Finally, we train predictive models of cell-type-specific RNA expression levels utilizing ATAC-Seq profiles to link distal regulatory sequences to promoters, quantifying the predictive value of a simple TF-to-expression regulatory grammar and identifying cell-type-specific TFs. Our analysis represents the largest single-cell analysis of cardiac variation by age and sex to date and provides a resource for further study of healthy cardiac variation and transcriptional regulation at single-cell resolution
Design a CRLH Antenna for MIMO Applications with Single and Dual Band
A design of MIMO antenna with four elements each one consists of two polarized ports is proposed in this research. The design of each elements based on ZORA which is applied to get the advantage of band frequency flexibility. The proposed MIMO antenna is operated as a single and dual band by adjusting a ground structure. The resonance frequency is 3.9 GHz for single band with bandwidth 1 GHz (3.4–4.4) GHz at -10 dB with −27 dB isolation. The resonance frequencies for dual band are 4.95 and 7 GHz with bandwidth 1.23 GHz (4.03–5.26) GHz and 410 MHz (6.88–7.29) GHz at −10 dB and less than −12 dB isolation for both bands. The obtained size of FR-4 PCB for single band is 77 × 150 mm2 while 82 × 150 mm2 for dual band which are suitable for future smartphone
Factors influencing digital forensic investigations: empirical evaluation of 12 years of Dubai police cases
In Digital Forensics, the number of person-hours spent on investigation is a key factor which needs to be kept to a minimum whilst also paying close attention to the authenticity of the evidence. The literature describes challenges behind increasing person-hours and identifies several factors which contribute to this phenomenon. This paper reviews these factors and demonstrates that they do not wholly account for increases in investigation time. Using real case records from the Dubai Police, an extensive study explains the contribution of other factors to the increase in person-hours. We conclude this work by emphasizing on several factors affecting the person-hours in contrast to what most of the literature in this area proposes
Behavioural Digital Forensics Model: Embedding Behavioural Evidence Analysis into the Investigation of Digital Crimes
© 2018 Elsevier Ltd The state-of-the-art and practice show an increased recognition, but limited adoption, of Behavioural Evidence Analysis (BEA) within the Digital Forensics (DF) investigation process. Yet, there is currently no BEA-driven process model and guidelines for DF investigators to follow in order to take advantage of such an approach. This paper proposes the Behavioural Digital Forensics Model to fill this gap. It takes a multidisciplinary approach which incorporates BEA into in-lab investigation of seized devices related to interpersonal cases (i.e., digital crimes involving human interactions between offender(s) and victim(s)). The model was designed based on the application of traditional BEA phases to 35 real cases, and evaluated using 5 real digital crime cases - all from Dubai Police archive. This paper, however, provides details of only one case from this evaluation pool. Compared to the outcome of these cases using a traditional DF investigation process, the new model showed a number of benefits. It allowed a more effective focusing of the investigation, and provided logical directions for identifying the location of further relevant evidence. It also enabled a better understanding and interpretation of victim/offender behaviours (e.g., probable offenders’ motivations and modus operandi), which facilitated a more in depth understanding of the dynamics of the specific crime. Finally, in some cases, it enabled the identification of suspect\u27s collaborators, something which was not identified via the traditional investigative process
The genome sequence of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa
Neurospora crassa is a central organism in the history of twentieth-century genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology. Here, we
report a high-quality draft sequence of the N. crassa genome. The approximately 40-megabase genome encodes about 10,000
protein-coding genes—more than twice as many as in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and only about 25% fewer
than in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. Analysis of the gene set yields insights into unexpected aspects of Neurospora biology
including the identification of genes potentially associated with red light photobiology, genes implicated in secondary metabolism,
and important differences in Ca21 signalling as compared with plants and animals. Neurospora possesses the widest array of
genome defence mechanisms known for any eukaryotic organism, including a process unique to fungi called repeat-induced
point mutation (RIP). Genome analysis suggests that RIP has had a profound impact on genome evolution, greatly slowing the
creation of new genes through genomic duplication and resulting in a genome with an unusually low proportion of closely related
genes
Composite Fermion Metals from Dyon Black Holes and S-Duality
We propose that string theory in the background of dyon black holes in
four-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime is holographic dual to conformally
invariant composite Dirac fermion metal. By utilizing S-duality map, we show
that thermodynamic and transport properties of the black hole match with those
of composite fermion metal, exhibiting Fermi liquid-like. Built upon
Dirac-Schwinger-Zwanziger quantization condition, we argue that turning on
magnetic charges to electric black hole along the orbit of Gamma(2) subgroup of
SL(2,Z) is equivalent to attaching even unit of statistical flux quanta to
constituent fermions. Being at metallic point, the statistical magnetic flux is
interlocked to the background magnetic field. We find supporting evidences for
proposed holographic duality from study of internal energy of black hole and
probe bulk fermion motion in black hole background. They show good agreement
with ground-state energy of composite fermion metal in Thomas-Fermi
approximation and cyclotron motion of a constituent or composite fermion
excitation near Fermi-point.Comment: 30 pages, v2. 1 figure added, minor typos corrected; v3. revised
version to be published in JHE
Systemic inflammation, nutritional status and survival in patients with cancer
Systemic inflammation, nutritional status and survival in patients with cance
Receipt of help by people with cognitive impairment: results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether people with dementia or low memory/orientation reported more help misaligned with needs - more unmet need and/or more unrequired help - than other people with similar levels of functional limitation, and examined associations with quality of life. METHODS: From pooled English Longitudinal Study of Ageing data from waves 6, 7, and 8, we identified community-dwelling people aged 50+ with: dementia (n= 405); low memory/orientation but no dementia (n= 4520); and intact memory/orientation (n= 10,264). Unmet need (not receiving help for the functional limitation) and unrequired help (receipt of help without the respective functional limitation) were used as outcomes in two-part regressions. Quality of life (CASP-19) was used as a continuous outcome in a linear regression. Functional limitation and its interaction with cognitive status and socio-demographic factors were included in the models. RESULTS: Those with dementia or low memory/orientation but few functional limitations reported more unmet needs and unrequired help than their counterparts with intact memory/orientation. At high levels of limitations, the needs of those with dementia or lower memory/orientation were met more often and the receipt of unrequired help was similar compared to those with intact memory/orientation. Unmet need and unrequired help were associated with poorer quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Unmet need and unrequired help were particular challenges for those with poorer cognition and potentially at early stages of dementia; they were associated with lower quality of life. Our results highlight the importance of good-quality timely diagnosis, identification of needs, and person-centred assessment to help improve quality of life
Predictors of loneliness during the Covid-19 pandemic in people with dementia and their carers in England: findings from the DETERMIND-C19 study
OBJECTIVES: To identify factors that predict the risk of loneliness for people with dementia and carers during a pandemic. METHODS: People with dementia and their carers completed assessments before (July 2019-March 2020; 206 dyads) and after (July-October 2020) the first Covid-19 \u27lockdown\u27 in England. At follow-up, the analytic sample comprised 67 people with dementia and 108 carers. We built a longitudinal path model with loneliness as an observed outcome. Carer type and social contacts at both measurements were considered. Other social resources (quality of relationship, formal day activities), wellbeing (anxiety, psychological wellbeing) and cognitive impairment were measured with initial level and change using latent growth curves. We adjusted for socio-demographic factors and health at baseline. RESULTS: In carers, higher levels of loneliness were directly associated with non-spouse coresident carer type, level and increase of anxiety in carer, more formal day activities, and higher cognitive impairment in the person with dementia. In people with dementia, non-spouse coresident carer type, and higher initial levels of social resources, wellbeing, and cognitive impairment predicted the changes in these factors; this produced indirect effects on social contacts and loneliness. CONCLUSION: Loneliness in the Covid-19 pandemic appears to be shaped by different mechanisms for people with dementia and their carers. The results suggest that carers of those with dementia may prioritize providing care that protects the person with dementia from loneliness at the cost of experiencing loneliness themselves. Directions for the promotion of adaptive social care during the Covid-19 pandemic and beyond are discussed
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