The Law in the Community Model of Clinical Legal Education: Assessing the Impact on Key Stakeholders

This article examines a model of clinical legal education where a university law school works in partnership with an external organisation. The partnership enables law students to attend the offices of Citizens Advice during their law degree and under the guidance and supervision of their staff, advise their service users on a range of legal issues. Using data collected from a research study involving student focus groups and semi structured interviews with the Citizens Advice supervisors, this research contributes to the understanding of whether, and how, this model impacts upon law students, Citizens Advice and the local community. This study contributes to the knowledge on the value of this model of clinical legal education from both a pedagogical and social justice perspective. The research raises questions as to how a partnership between a university and external organisation can overcome challenges, ensuring an equivalent clinical experience for all students and that effective feedback is provided to students. The results indicate that there are a clear set of pedagogical benefits to the students and benefits to Citizens Advice with regards to the service they can provide to the local community. The authors argue that this module enables students to engage in transformative and impactful work, whilst obtaining first-hand experience of the access to justice challenges (and other socio-economic issues) faced by their local community. The study will be of interest to clinics who incorporate, or intend to incorporate, an externship model in their curriculum, both in Europe and beyond

The role of lawyers in supporting young people in the criminal justice system: balancing economic survival and children’s rights

Legal aid reductions have caused a crisis in the criminal justice system impacting the quality of representation and advice provided by lawyers. This paper is particularly concerned with the impact of these cuts on young people in the youth criminal justice system. The paper will examine how changes to the way in which defence lawyers are funded is having a damaging impact upon the experience of young people involved in the criminal justice system. The particular vulnerability of young people, coupled with the complexity of laws and procedures surrounding youth justice make it particularly concerning that the system is financially incentivising the provision of inadequate representation in the youth justice system. These issues will be considered in light of the standards set by the Council of Europe Guidelines on Child-Friendly Justice

Is the 'Appropriate Adult' appropriate?

It is recognised that children are particularly vulnerable within the criminal justice system and therefore should be afforded ‘appropriate assistance’ pursuant to Article 37 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). Within England and Wales, the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 states that all individuals under the age of 18 must be provided with an appropriate adult to provide advice and assistance, facilitate communication and ensure the child is being treated fairly. This chapter considers whether the appropriate adult, who can be a family member, social worker or volunteer, is appropriate to safeguard the child’s rights, entitlements and welfare whilst they are in police custody. The chapter will examine whether lawyers, as a consequence of their legal knowledge and skills, are better placed to protect the interests of a child in police custody, and if so, whether the role of the appropriate adult should be redefined to support the child’s emotional welfare and facilitate their relationship with the lawyer