Pembuatan Nitroselulosa dari Selulosa Hasil Pemurnian Pelepah Sawit dengan Hidrogen Peroksida (H2O2) sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Propelan

Nitrocellulose is a polymer used as materials for propellant. Manufacture of nitrocellulose done with cellulose nitration process. Nitration of cellulose is a reaction force substitution or replacement of H+ from –OH- groups in cellulose contained in the NO2+ cluster of nitric acid (HNO3). Cellulose to be used is sourced from waste palm midrib. The purpose of this study is to obtain the best conditions of temperature and time nitration that α- cellulose nitration process to produce nitrocellulose with a high nitrogen content. Palm midrib cellulose purified before entering the nitration process. Stages of the purification process a palm midrib cellulose is extraction, hydrolysis, delignification and purification with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). After the purification process, the next step is the process of nitration of cellulose with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Nitration process is done with the variation of temperature and reaction time. Nitrocellulose nitrogen levels will be analyzed with Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR). The best conditions in the nitration process took 30 minutes with the temperature of 90 oC. Nitrogen levels were estimated on nitrocellulose > 12% so it can be used as raw material for the manufacture of propellants

Perengkahan Katalitik PalmFatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) Menghasilkan Biofuel Menggunakan Katalis Abu Tandan Kosong Sawit (TKS) dengan Variasi Temperatur dan Kecepatan Pengadukan

Ash of empty palm fruit bunches is the solid waste from process of making crude palm oil (CPO). Ash of empty palm fruit bunches have many component that make it can to be use as a catalyst. Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) is a byproduct from process of making cooking oil. PFAD potential to converted into biofuel with catalytic cracking process. This study aims to utilize ash of empty fruit bunches and PFAD to be raw material of making biofuel, to know component of biofuel produced. Yield maximum biofuel obtained at a temperature of 410 0 C with stirring speed 250 rpm that is equal to 57,14%. While the largest biofuel conversion obtained at stirring speed of 300 rpm and a temperature of 4100C in the amount of 50.671%. Cracking results analyzed by GCMS and found the biofue produced more dominant is a constituent of gasoline fuel

Sintesis ZSM-5 Menggunakan Silika Presipitasi dari Fly Ash Pabrik CPO

Palm fly ash is waste in the palm oil industry. Palm fly ash has high content of silica. ZSM-5 is one of synthetic zeolite which used as catalyst. It can be synthesized from silica and alumina using hidrothermal method. Source of silica that can be used to ZSM-5 synthesis are sodium silicate, gelled silica and precipitated silica. the purpose of this research is to synthesis ZSM-5 using precipitated silica hydrothermally. The result was analyzed using FTIR. ZSM-5 can be synthesized using precipitated silica hydrothermally. Based on infrared spectrum,the product synthesis shows four characteristic of ZSM-5 characters

Proses Pemurnian Selulosa Pelepah Sawit sebagai Bahan Baku Nitrolesulosa dengan Variasi PH dan Konsentrasi H2O2

One of the raw materials for propellant or explosive double base type is nitrocellulose. Availability of cellulose which is the main component of biomass is very abundant in Indonesia, particularly solid waste palm oil industry. With cellulose content of 34.89%, palm midrib is one solid waste palm with potential to be used as the main raw material cellulose. Purity cellulose levels that must be achieved to produce nitrocellulose propellant as raw material is more than 92%. So as to improve the purity of the cellulose in the palm midrib must be purified using hydrogen peroxide, which is initiated by the hydrolysis with EFB ash extract. Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical that can be used for the bleaching process, because this compound is more environmentally friendly than chlorine. The purpose of this is to obtain the best conditions to obtain cellulose purity of more than 92%. The bleaching process is done by varying the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%) and pH (8, 9, 10, 11, 12). Pulp composition analysis of purified cellulose. Obtained the best process conditions is the concentration of 3% hydrogen peroxide and pH 9 with 95.11% purity cellulose

Pengaruh Variasi PH dan Waktu pada Pembuatan Bioetanol dari Sari Kulit Nanas dengan Menggunakan Zymomonas Mobilis

Bioethanol is an alternative energy source that has enough potential to replace fossil fuels. Bioethanol can be produced by fermentation of carbohydrate crops . One of the raw materials that can be used is a pineapple peel. Because today is still a waste of pineapple peel untapped. In pineapple peel contained 13.6 % reducing sugar , so as to have good potential to be processed into bioethanol . One way of making bioethanol is by microbial fermentation using Zymomonas mobilis . The fermentation process is influenced by several factors, including pH and time . This study was conducted to determine the optimum pH and time at fermentation process for bioethanol production from pineapple peel juice. The study was conducted by varying the pH of 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 and 6.0 with fermentation time 14 , 23 , 39 , 47 , 65 , and 71 hours using Zymomonas mobilis microbes . Bioethanol yield analysis using a gas chromatograph (GC). The result is the highest ethanol yield was 3.01% at pH 4.5 and fermentation time of 65 hours

Kajian Efektifitas Kayu Apu (Pistia Stratiotes L.) Dalam Mereduksi N-total Sebagai Upaya Perbaikan Kualitas Limbah Cair Industri Tahu

One of wastes that has high N-total is tofu liquid waste. Biologically waste disposal can be done by phytoremediation using Pistia stratiotes L. The purposes of this research were to test the growth ability of P. stratiotes in tofu liquid waste and to test its ability in accumulating N-total. The research used Random Device Complete with variation of tofu liquid waste concentrations i.e 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 %, and 0 % for control. The observed parameters consisted of fresh weight and the growth progress of P. stratiotes, and the analysis of N-total. The data was analyzed using ANOVA and followed by the DNMRT test at the level of 5 % . The result showed the decrease of fresh weight and growth rate significantly, in the concentration of 20 % ( 20,90 g and 7,07 g/ day). The analysis of N-total in final waste was significantly different in each treatment, while the content of N-total in plant was not different in each treatment, but only different with control. The decrease of plant growth and the increase of N-total content in final waste indicated that P. stratiotes was not effective to overcome the environmental contamination caused by industrial tofu liquid waste

Sintesis ZSM-5 dari Fly Ash Sawit dengan Variasi Waktu Sintesis dan Waktu Kalsinasi

Fly ash contains many elements of the high silica used as a source of silica for the synthesis of ZSM-5. ZSM-5 zeolite synthesis is one that is widely used in industry mainly as a catalyst. This is due to the ZSM-5 has a high activity and selectivity in several hydrocarbon conversion reactions. This study aimed to the synthesis of ZSM-5 of fly ash as a silica source without using templates with the time variation of the synthesis and calcination time. Synthesis performed in autoclaf at 190 ° C with a temperature variation of synthesis time 16, 18, 20 and 22 hours, calcination is done in a furnace to a temperature of 500 0 C with a variation of calcination time 4 hours, 5 hours and 6 hours. Synthesis products were analyzed by FTIR. The results showed that the best conditions for the synthesis of ZSM-5 from fly ash oil is at synthesis time of 20 hours and calcination time 4 hours. The content of ZSM-5 produced in the x-ray analysis is as much as 3%

Pemurnian Selulosa Alfa Pelepah Sawit Menggunakan Enzim Xylanase

Midrib of palm oil is the most solid wastes which produced in oil palm plantations. Palm midrib is contained of 34.89% α-cellulose content percentage that can be improved with cooking using the extract solution ash of palm empty fruit bunches (Padil, 2010) and continued with the process of purification using xylanase enzyme. Higher content of Cellulose-α can be processed into a more commercially product. Cellulose-α> 92% qualified to be used as the main raw material (nitrocellulose) or making explosives and propellants. Stages of the purification process a palm midrib cellulose is extraction, hydrolysis, delignification and purification using xylanase enzyme with variations process is temperature (50, 60 and 70 ° C), enzyme dose (1, 2 and 3 ml) and the source of the enzyme (Aspergillus and Trichoderma sp so). Purification process operating conditions are: pH 5, time 90 minutes, the solid-solution 1:25. Content of purified cellulose-α increased to 96.60% for variable temperature at 60 ° C, 3 ml dose of enzymes and enzyme xylanase from Aspergillus sp