Association study of suicidal behavior and affective disorders with a genetic polymorphism in ABCG1, a positional candidate on chromosome 21q22.3

The gene that codes for the ABC transporter ABCG1 is located in a chromosomal susceptibility region (21q22.3) for affective disorders. Genetic variations in ABCG1 have been associated with affective disorders in Japanese males. In this study, we investigated the distribution of a G2457A polymorphism in patients with affective disorders, suicide attempters with various psychiatric diagnoses and healthy subjects, We initially found a trend towards a modest association with affective disorders in males (p = 0.046 for allele frequencies and p = 0.046 for AA versus GG). We conducted a replication study with independent patients and controls, There was no association with affective disorders, either in the replication or in the combined group, Furthermore, we found no association with suicidal behavior, These findings do not support the hypothesis that ABCG1 is a susceptibility gene for affective disorders or suicidal behavior. Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel

On the descriptive validity of ICD-10 schizophrenia: Empirical analyses in the spectrum of non-affective functional psychoses

In order to examine the descriptive validity of ICD-10 schizophrenia, 1,476 consecutively admitted in-patients were included in the present study. ICD-10 schizophrenia (n = 951) was compared with other non-affective psychotic disorders {[}persistent delusional disorders (n = 51), acute and transient psychotic disorders (n = 116) and schizoaffective disorders (n = 354)] with respect to socio-demographic, symptomatological and other clinical parameters. Analyses revealed that it is possible to distinguish schizophrenia from other non-affective psychotic disorders according to ICD-10 criteria: schizophrenic patients were characterised by more pronounced negative symptoms and a lower global functioning. They were younger than patients with persistent delusional disorders and schizoaffective disorders but older than patients with acute and transient psychotic disorders. The results are in line with a high descriptive validity of ICD-10 schizophrenia and highlight the importance of negative symptoms for this diagnosis. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel

Communication Styles of Children of Mothers with Affective Disorders, Chronic Medical Illness, and Normal Controls: A Contextual Perspective

Research has demonstrated impaired parent-child relationships in families with affective disorders. The present study examines the association of children\u27s interactional style during a direct conflict-solving task to both the mother\u27s interactional style and the child\u27s diagnostic status. The sample includes 63 children, ages 8 to 16, of mothers with affective disorders, chronic medical illness, and normal controls. Children\u27s dominant coping style profile (CS) (autonomous, neutral, or critical) was related to their mother\u27s affective style (AS) (benign or negative). Affective disorder in the child at 6-month followup was associated with a critical CS profile at intake, while the child\u27s nonaffective symptomatology was unrelated to CS. Findings indicate that children\u27s affective disturbance is linked to interpersonal deficits in affectively charged situations. Results suggest that the child\u27s CS is more strongly predicted by maternal AS than by either the child\u27s or the mother\u27s diagnostic status

Acetazolamide in the treatment of acute mania - A case report

Several antiepileptic drugs are also being used in affective disorders. There are some hints that also the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide might be useful in the treatment of bipolar affective disorder. We report a 39-year-old male patient with a history of bipolar affective disorder who presented with his second manic episode. Acetazolamide was added to a low dose of valproic acid and to perazine. A marked decrease of the BRMAS score was achieved. The implications of this case are discussed

Affective Disorders of the State: A Spinozan Diagnosis and Cure

The problems of contemporary states are in large part “affective disorders”; they are failures of states to properly understand and coordinate the emotions of the individuals within and in some instances outside the state. By excluding, imprisoning, and marginalizing members of their societies, states create internal enemies who ultimately enervate their own power and the possibility of peace and freedom within the state. Spinoza’s political theory, based on the notion that the best forms of state are those that coordinate the power and emotions of those within a state, offers us both a diagnosis of and a cure for these affective disorders. In this paper I will outline Spinoza’s notion of the power of the state as a function of the power and coordination of the emotions of its citizens, and show that when the state contracts an affective disorder, such as excessive crime, rebellion, terrorism, etc. the state has failed to properly empower, include and coordinate the passions of the multitude of its citizens and subjects

From Affective Science to Psychiatric Disorder: Ontology as Semantic Bridge

Advances in emotion and affective science have yet to translate routinely into psychiatric research and practice. This is unfortunate since emotion and affect are fundamental components of many psychiatric conditions. Rectifying this lack of interdisciplinary integration could thus be a potential avenue for improving psychiatric diagnosis and treatment. In this contribution, we propose and discuss an ontological framework for explicitly capturing the complex interrelations between affective entities and psychiatric disorders, in order to facilitate mapping and integration between affective science and psychiatric diagnostics. We build on and enhance the categorisation of emotion, affect and mood within the previously developed Emotion Ontology, and that of psychiatric disorders in the Mental Disease Ontology. This effort further draws on developments in formal ontology regarding the distinction between normal and abnormal in order to formalize the interconnections. This operational semantic framework is relevant for applications including clarifying psychiatric diagnostic categories, clinical information systems, and the integration and translation of research results across disciplines

Classification of functional psychoses and its implication for prognosis: Comparison between ICD-10 and DSM-IV

Background: The aim was to examine the agreement and differences between ICD-10 and DSM-IV in the classification of functional psychoses. Sampling and Methods: In a sample of 218 first-hospitalised patients, ICD-10 diagnoses were compared with DSM-IV diagnoses. Functional psychoses of both diagnostic systems were classified into the four diagnostic groups schizophrenia, transient/episodic psychoses, delusional disorders and affective disorders. Based on information from a 15-year follow-up, it was examined which course is associated with each diagnostic group. Results: Although in ICD-10 there was a higher frequency of schizophrenia and a lower one of affective disorders, a high agreement between ICD-10 and DSM-IV (kappa value of 0.82) was found. In both diagnostic systems, transient/episodic psychoses and affective disorders were mainly associated with a non-chronic course and schizophrenia was mainly associated with a chronic one. Nevertheless, several patients with transient/episodic psychoses showed a chronic course (ICD-10: 10%, DSM-IV: 15%) and more than one third of patients with schizophrenia a non-chronic one (ICD-10: 40%, DSM-IV: 33%). Conclusions: In the cross-sectional assessment, there is a high diagnostic agreement between ICD-10 and DSM-IV. With respect to the long-term course, the delimitation of transient/episodic psychoses from schizophrenia was neither completely achieved by ICD-10 nor by DSM-IV. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel

Difference in prevalence of common mental disorder as measured using four questionnaire delivery methods among young people in rural Zimbabwe.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that interviewer-administered questionnaires can under-estimate the prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation when compared with self-administered ones. We report here on differences in prevalence of reporting mental health between four questionnaire delivery modes (QDM). METHODS: Mental health was assessed using the Shona Symptom Questionnaire (SSQ), a locally validated 14-item indigenous measure for common mental affective disorders. A representative sample of 1495 rural Zimbabwean adolescents (median age 18) was randomly allocated to one of four questionnaire delivery modes: self-administered questionnaire (SAQ), SAQ with audio (AASI), interviewer-administered questionnaire (IAQ), and audio computer-assisted survey instrument (ACASI). RESULTS: Prevalence of common affective disorders varied between QDM (52.3%, 48.6%, 41.5%, and 63.6% for SAQ, AASI, IAQ, and ACASI respectively (P<0.001)). Fewer participants failed to complete SSQ using IAQ and ACASI than other methods (1.6% vs. 12.3%; P<0.001). Qualitative data suggested that respondents found it difficult answering questions honestly in front of an interviewer. LIMITATIONS: Direction of accuracy cannot be ascertained due to lack of objective or clinical assessments of affective disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Estimates of prevalence of psychosomatic symptoms and suicidal ideation varied according to mode of interview. As each mode's direction of accuracy remains unresolved evaluations of interventions continue to be hampered

Affective Disorders

Situated at the intersection of postcolonial studies, affect studies, and narratology, Affective Disorders explores the significance of emotion in a range of colonial and postcolonial narratives. Through close readings of Naguib Mahfouz, Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, and Upamanyu Chatterjee, among others, Bede Scott argues that literary representations of emotion need not be interpreted solely at the level of character, individual psychology, or the contingencies of plotting, but could also be related to broader sociopolitical forces. We thus find episodes of anger that serve as a collective response to the 'modernity' of wartime Cairo, feelings of jealousy that are inspired by the slave economy of imperial Brazil, and an overwhelming sense of boredom that emerges, in the late eighties, out of the bureaucratic procedures of the Indian Administrative Service. Affective Disorders also explores in some detail the formal consequences of these feelings – the way in which affective states such as anger or jealousy can often destabilize narratives, provoking crises of representation, generic ambivalence, and discursive rupture. By emphasizing the social origin of these emotions, and by analysing their influence on literary discourse, this study provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between various sociopolitical forces and the affective and aesthetic 'disorders' to which they give rise

Affective Disorders in The Elderly: The Risk of Sleep Disorders

The purpose of this study is to look at the relationship of sleep disorders to the incidence of affective disorders. In addition, assess whether the relationship remains significant after controlled variable bullies that also affect the occurrence of sleep disorders and or affective disorders in elderly. Observational study with unmatched case control study design. Individual population age 60 years or older, sampling probability proportional to size, consist of case group that is experiencing sleep disturbance (n=165) and control group (n=330). Respondent sleep disturbance affective disorder 23.6%. There is a significant relationship of sleep disorders to affective disorders. Sleep disorders at risk 2.47 times affective disorder. Sleep disorders can be insomnia, awakening at night or waking up too early which can lead to psychological disorders such as psychological disorders such as anger, unstable emotions, sadness, distress, anxiety is also a physical disorder such as pain in the body. If not immediately addressed can continue to occur depression and even threaten psychiatric disorders. Further research needs to be done to overcome sleep disorders in the elderly.