26,468 research outputs found
A probabilistic version of the game of Zombies and Survivors on graphs
We consider a new probabilistic graph searching game played on graphs,
inspired by the familiar game of Cops and Robbers. In Zombies and Survivors, a
set of zombies attempts to eat a lone survivor loose on a given graph. The
zombies randomly choose their initial location, and during the course of the
game, move directly toward the survivor. At each round, they move to the
neighbouring vertex that minimizes the distance to the survivor; if there is
more than one such vertex, then they choose one uniformly at random. The
survivor attempts to escape from the zombies by moving to a neighbouring vertex
or staying on his current vertex. The zombies win if eventually one of them
eats the survivor by landing on their vertex; otherwise, the survivor wins. The
zombie number of a graph is the minimum number of zombies needed to play such
that the probability that they win is strictly greater than 1/2. We present
asymptotic results for the zombie numbers of several graph families, such as
cycles, hypercubes, incidence graphs of projective planes, and Cartesian and
toroidal grids
Zombie Lending and Depressed Restructuring in Japan
In this paper, we propose a bank-based explanation for the decade-long Japanese slowdown following the asset price collapse in the early 1990s. We start with the well-known observation that most large Japanese banks were only able to comply with capital standards because regulators were lax in their inspections. To facilitate this forbearance the banks often engaged in sham loan restructurings that kept credit flowing to otherwise insolvent borrowers (that we call zombies). Thus, the normal competitive outcome whereby the zombies would shed workers and lose market share was thwarted. Our model highlights the restructuring implications of the zombie problem. The counterpart of the congestion created by the zombies is a reduction of the profits for healthy firms, which discourages their entry and investment. In this context, even solvent banks do not find good lending opportunities. We confirm our story's key predictions that zombie-dominated industries exhibit more depressed job creation and destruction, and lower productivity. We present firm-level regressions showing that the increase in zombies depressed the investment and employment growth of non-zombies and widened the productivity gap between zombies and non-zombies.
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CDS Zombies
This paper examines the contract interpretation strategies adopted by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) for its credit derivatives contracts in the Greek sovereign debt crisis. The authors argue that the economic function of sovereign credit default swaps (CDS) after Greece is limited and uncertain, partly thanks to ISDAâs insistence on textualist interpretation. Contract theory explanations for textualist preferences emphasise either transactional efficiency or relational factors, which do not fit ISDA or the derivatives market. The authors pose an alternative explanation: the embrace of textualism in this case may be a means for ISDA to reconcile the competing political demands from state regulators and its market constituents. They describe categories of contracts susceptible to such political demands, and consider when and why textualism might be the preferred response
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Zombie Prevalence and Survival
We document the rise in the share of zombie firms starting from the late 1990s in the US economy across various sectors. We compare multiple definitions used in literature to identify zombies and discuss how they continue to survive. We find zombies issue more debt compared to non-zombies. A subset of zombies defined as growing zombies are able to raise equity too
How Many Rounds Would it Take to Complete Call of Duty: World at War Nazi Zombies?
Call of Duty: World at War (hereafter CoD:WaW) was the first of the franchise to release the mini-game Nazi Zombies; the aim of the game being to survive by killing hordes of oncoming zombies through a progression of rounds. As the rounds progress, higher numbers of zombies with increasing Health Points (HP) spawn each round. The aim of this paper is to calculate the number of rounds it would take for one player to kill a number of zombies equal to the number of soldiers in the German army during World War II (WWII), as well as to show the zombiesâ effect on allied resources, specifically ammunition. It was concluded that a single person would have to last 2648 rounds in order to kill 12.5 million Nazi zombies, and that the resources required would be so large that killing all these zombies would be impossible.
Zombie Analysis For Web
Part 1 of assignment - Authoring your critical discourse analysis on zombies (Essay 3): 800-word essay that examines language and communication as used in Max Brooksâ novel World War Z. This essay comprises your original contribution to the [ZOMBIES REIMAGINED] project. Part 2 of the assignment - Create a Timeline or StoryMap to accompany your essay as a visual aid and presentation for readers. This animated visual presentation will be published with your essay to the project website. Part 3 of the assignment - After revision, use Markdown language to ready your essay for upload to the project webpage. To access the webpage, sign into your Github account, access prose.io, and upload your essay (in Markdown) with any images
Pursuit-Evasion in Graphs: Zombies, Lazy Zombies and a Survivor
We study zombies and survivor, a variant of the game of cops and robber on graphs. In this variant, the single survivor plays the role of the robber and attempts to escape from the zombies that play the role of the cops. The zombies are restricted, on their turn, to always follow an edge of a shortest path towards the survivor. Let z(G) be the smallest number of zombies required to catch the survivor on a graph G with n vertices. We show that there exist outerplanar graphs and visibility graphs of simple polygons such that z(G) = ?(n). We also show that there exist maximum-degree-3 outerplanar graphs such that z(G) = ?(n/log(n)).
Let z_L(G) be the smallest number of lazy zombies (zombies that can stay still on their turn) required to catch the survivor on a graph G. We show that lazy zombies are more powerful than normal zombies but less powerful than cops. We prove that z_L(G) ? 2 for connected outerplanar graphs and this bound is tight in the worst case. We show that z_L(G) ? k for connected graphs with treedepth k. This result implies that z_L(G) is at most (k+1)log n for connected graphs with treewidth k, O(?n) for connected planar graphs, O(?{gn}) for connected graphs with genus g and O(h?{hn}) for connected graphs with any excluded h-vertex minor. Our results on lazy zombies still hold when an adversary chooses the initial positions of the zombies
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