Protest or Riot?: Interpreting Collective Action in Contemporary France

Although both events were fundamentally acts of contestation led by different segments of France’s youth, the fall 2005 riots and the spring 2006 CPE protests received very different treatment in French public opinion. Whereas the riots were overwhelmingly condemned, the protests were not only tolerated but also often celebrated. By examining dominant interpretations of these events circulated in the news media alongside those of young people collected during a year of fieldwork in the public housing projects of a medium-sized French city, this paper shines light on fundamental French values and beliefs about how society ought to work while also contributing to ongoing debates about the cultural identity of such youth. More generally, it demonstrates the usefulness of comparison in the analysis of acts of political dissent

Church Pew Exercise Integrated With Conventional Physical Therapy Following Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA): Case Report

Background and Purpose: Physical therapy treatment following Total knee Arthroplasty (TKA) consists of a combination of strengthening and range of motion exercises. The exercise technique, church pew exercise (CPE), has been proposed to enhance quadriceps facilitation and improve function. This is a technique that has the patient standing and rocking forward/back. The backward motion is arrested by engagement of the upper calf against a solid object, creating a sudden flexion torque at the knee and a sudden extension torque at the hip. The combination of CPE with standard physical therapy is claimed to provide better quadriceps control and faster walking post TKA. In this case study, a 51-year-old female with decreased knee active and passive range of motion (ROM), decreased lower extremity (LE) muscle strength, and limited ambulation post left knee TKA, received conventional physical therapy treatment plus CPE. Methods: The patient received 11 physical therapy home sessions. The first 8 sessions were used to strengthen her knee and increase active and passive ROM. The CPE intervention was performed 3 weeks post-surgery, during the last 3 physical therapy sessions. At these three sessions the patient performed the Timed Up and Go (TUG) before and after CPE. Outcomes: At initial evaluation, 4 days post left knee TKA, this patient’s left knee active ROM was only 15 to 76 degrees, and manual muscle testing at her hip and knee indicated strengths of 2- (hip flexors), 3- (hamstrings and quadriceps), and 3+ (hip abductors), all out of 5, and her times on two trials of the TUG were 30.31 and 30.65 sec, indicating impaired functional ability. At all CPE sessions (3 weeks post-surgery) the patient demonstrated increased gait speeds (i.e. shorter times) on the TUG after the CPE (pre CPE mean = 13.2 sec; post CPE mean = 11.2), increased stance time on her affected lower extremity, and increased step length on her contra-lateral lower extremity. The patient reported increased knee stability. Clinical Relevance: Rationale for CPE is based on neurological facilitation of quadriceps and other lower extremity muscles. However, to engage in this exercise the patient must have the ability to balance and to control the hip and knee joints. This patient required several weeks of strengthening and active and passive ROM exercises before she could perform the CPE. Once able to perform the CPE, she demonstrated improvements in her walking ability, and she expressed greater confidence. Conclusion: Provided a minimal level of strength and active and passive ROM has been attained, CPE may be a valuable short-term supplement to current strengthening regimens addressing quadriceps functional deficits following TKA. Other conditions that involve gait problems related to quadriceps insufficiency might also benefit. The long-term efficacy of CPE remains to be determined

Church Pew Exercise Integrated With Conventional Physical Therapy Following Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA): Case Report

Background and Purpose: Physical therapy treatment following Total knee Arthroplasty (TKA) consists of a combination of strengthening and range of motion exercises. The exercise technique, church pew exercise (CPE), has been proposed to enhance quadriceps facilitation and improve function. This is a technique that has the patient standing and rocking forward/back. The backward motion is arrested by engagement of the upper calf against a solid object, creating a sudden flexion torque at the knee and a sudden extension torque at the hip. The combination of CPE with standard physical therapy is claimed to provide better quadriceps control and faster walking post TKA. In this case study, a 51-year-old female with decreased knee active and passive range of motion (ROM), decreased lower extremity (LE) muscle strength, and limited ambulation post left knee TKA, received conventional physical therapy treatment plus CPE. Methods: The patient received 11 physical therapy home sessions. The first 8 sessions were used to strengthen her knee and increase active and passive ROM. The CPE intervention was performed 3 weeks post-surgery, during the last 3 physical therapy sessions. At these three sessions the patient performed the Timed Up and Go (TUG) before and after CPE. Outcomes: At initial evaluation, 4 days post left knee TKA, this patient’s left knee active ROM was only 15 to 76 degrees, and manual muscle testing at her hip and knee indicated strengths of 2- (hip flexors), 3- (hamstrings and quadriceps), and 3+ (hip abductors), all out of 5, and her times on two trials of the TUG were 30.31 and 30.65 sec, indicating impaired functional ability. At all CPE sessions (3 weeks post-surgery) the patient demonstrated increased gait speeds (i.e. shorter times) on the TUG after the CPE (pre CPE mean = 13.2 sec; post CPE mean = 11.2), increased stance time on her affected lower extremity, and increased step length on her contra-lateral lower extremity. The patient reported increased knee stability. Clinical Relevance: Rationale for CPE is based on neurological facilitation of quadriceps and other lower extremity muscles. However, to engage in this exercise the patient must have the ability to balance and to control the hip and knee joints. This patient required several weeks of strengthening and active and passive ROM exercises before she could perform the CPE. Once able to perform the CPE, she demonstrated improvements in her walking ability, and she expressed greater confidence. Conclusion: Provided a minimal level of strength and active and passive ROM has been attained, CPE may be a valuable short-term supplement to current strengthening regimens addressing quadriceps functional deficits following TKA. Other conditions that involve gait problems related to quadriceps insufficiency might also benefit. The long-term efficacy of CPE remains to be determined

Conventional versus highly cross-linked polyethylene in primary total knee replacement : a comparison of revision rates using data from the National Joint Registry for England, Wales, and Northern Ireland

There is evidence to support the use of highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. However, the benefits for those undergoing total knee arthroplasty are uncertain, with conflicting reports based on previous cohort analyses. The purpose of the present study was to compare the revision rates following primary total knee arthroplasty with use of HXLPE as compared with conventional polyethylene (CPE) using data from the National Joint Registry (NJR) for England, Wales and Northern Ireland. We performed a retrospective analysis of primary total knee arthroplasties recorded in the NJR from 2003 to 2014. Cobalt-chromium (CoCr)-CPE and CoCr-HXLPE bearing surfaces were compared using all-cause revision, aseptic revision, and septic revision as end points. Survival analyses were conducted using rates per 100 years observed, Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, and Cox regression hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, body mass index (BMI), lead surgeon grade, and implant constraint. Secondary analyses compared the most commonly used HXLPEs (Zimmer Prolong, DePuy XLK, and Stryker X3) against CPE for the 3 most common total knee arthroplasty systems (NexGen, PFC Sigma, and Triathlon). In the present study of 550,658 total knee arthroplasties, the unadjusted aseptic revision rates were significantly lower following procedures performed with CPE (n = 513,744) as compared with those performed with HXLPE total knee replacements (n = 36,914) (0.29 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.28 to 0.30] compared to 0.38 [95% CI, 0.35 to 0.42], p 35 kg/m, the "second-generation" Stryker X3 HXLPE demonstrated significantly better survival than its respective CPE, with CPE having an HR of 2.6 (95% CI, 1.2 to 5.9) (p = 0.02). Alternative bearings are marketed as having improved wear properties over traditional CoCr-CPE. This registry-based analysis demonstrated no overall survival benefit of HXLPE after a maximum duration of follow-up of 12 years. Because of their increased cost, the routine use of HXLPE bearings may not be justified. However, they may have a role in specific "higher demand" groups such as patients 35 kg/m. Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete list of levels of evidence

Certificate of proficiency in English course evaluation and students’ preparation to writing in real-life situations – descriptive study

The aim of this article is to present results of a case study carried out as a partial fulfilment for a Master Thesis. The case study referred to one of the parts of Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency in English. The Paper 2 includes Part 1, where a learner is required to complete a compulsory task such as an article, essay or a letter, and Part 2, in which a candidate is free to choose from four questions with diversified text types. Moreover, in CPE Paper 2 one can find a reflection of the social approach and as in all questions role of the reader is specified. Thus, a candidate knows to what type of a discourse community they have to write. What is also determined is the role of the writer and the purpose of writing in a breadth of task types. A candidate and their linguistic competence at this level could be compared to the ones of an educated native speaker. Therefore, they should be able to adjust their language register to a variety of culturally appropriate ways required to fulfil every task. Thus, the aim of the study was to observe whether a Certificate of Proficiency in English course prepares students to real-life writing outside a classroom context. For the purpose of MA dissertation a case study was conducted on a small group of students participating in a course at a private school of foreign languages

Professional development needs in nutrition and dietetics

Background. Continuing education has long played a role in the maintenance of professional competence of nutrition and dietetics professionals. Due to the lack of published continuing education research in nutrition over the last 15 years, very little is known about the adequacy of continuing education resources for today’s nutrition and dietetics professionals. Objective. To examine the continuing education needs of nutrition and dietetics professionals. Design and Methods. A cross-sectional survey study of nutrition and dietetics professionals who graduated from the University of Texas at Austin Didactic Program in Dietetics and/or Coordinated Program in Dietetics. A survey was constructed and content-validated to assess continuing education needs in specific areas of nutrition. Descriptive statistics was used to report the results. Measures. Demographics, areas of focus in continuing education, continuing education activity preferences, targeted levels of competence in continuing education, and learning needs. Results. 54 surveys were returned. Of those 54, 41 were able to be used for analysis. Most of the participants worked in clinical nutrition (64.7%) and/or in nutrition education (38.2%). 75.6% of participants chose continuing education activities based on convenience and accessibility in their areas of interest. 63.4% of participants reported that their continuing education learning needs were not being met in at least one of their areas of focus in continuing education. Conclusion. Despite the emphasis on continuing education in the nutrition field, most of the participants reported unmet learning needs in some capacity. Further investigation into the adequacy of continuing education resources in nutrition is needed.Nutritional Science

Non-Traditional Entrants to the Profession of Teaching: Motivations and Experiences of Second-Career Educators

Individuals entering the teaching profession from other fields have much to offer in terms of practical experience in fields such as business, private industry, law enforcement, and the military. The authors examine the phenomenon of second-career teachers with specific emphasis on the motivating factors, common experiences, and reflections concerning the decision to leave already established professions in order to pursue a career in teaching. This particular issue of life vocation has particular interest for the Christian, who wishes to discern and follow the call of God in their personal and professional commitments. The article surveys research into second-career teachers and explores the process of professional preparation of these newfound entrants in the world of education as well as their assimilation to the culture of schools. Themes emerge from the literature for further consideration, which the authors argue, must more intentionally-inform career preparation programs, trends of new teacher recruitment, and teacher shortages in American school districts

Classroom Management Training: Keeping New Teachers

Many new teachers begin their first day of school with a sense of idealism. They expect to make a difference in the lives of young students. However, many soon learn the challenges of classroom, behavior management and feel great stress. Can more classroom management training in college and pre-service, student-teaching strategies help these novice educators? This article asks education professionals and researchers to evaluate their teacher training programs and increase classroom management training