2,023,421 research outputs found

    High Rate Water Treatment Plant System: Successful Implementation

    Full text link
    The High Rate Water Treatment Plant (HR-WTP) system, which is inexpensive, effective and efficient, has been developed to reduce the common operational problems, and also as an alternative for the development of water treatment plant systems capacity in Indonesia. HR-WTP-system is superior to those of conventional WTP-systems in respect to its capacity, performance, as well as operational liability of the system.Mathematical model of the HR-WTP system had been developed and simulation using the mathematical model as well as field observation had been clarified.Implementation of HR-WTP-system in up-rating of the Dekeng-WTP system at PDAM Kota Bogor proved successful in increasing the plant capacity from its original of 500 Lps to more than 1200 Lps. Anothersuccessful application of HR-WTP-system was experienced in the upgrading and up-rating of the Pedindang-WTP system at PDAM Kota Pangkalpinang where the plant capacity can be increased from its original of 50 Lps to 300 Lps. The performance of the WTP-system was also significantly improved from poor performance to very good performance

    Field efficacy evaluation and post-treatment contamination risk assessment of an ultraviolet disinfection and safe storage system.

    Get PDF
    Inconsistent use of household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) systems reduces their potential health benefits. Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection is more convenient than some existing HWTS systems, but it does not provide post-treatment residual disinfectant, which could leave drinking water vulnerable to recontamination. In this paper, using as-treated analyses, we report on the field efficacy of a UV disinfection system at improving household drinking water quality in rural Mexico. We further assess the risk of post-treatment contamination from the UV system, and develop a process-based model to better understand household risk factors for recontamination. This study was part of a larger cluster-randomized stepped wedge trial, and the results complement previously published population-level results of the intervention on diarrheal prevalence and water quality. Based on the presence of Escherichia coli (proportion of households with ≥ 1 E. coli/100 mL), we estimated a risk difference of -28.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): -33.9%, -22.1%) when comparing intervention to control households; -38.6% (CI: -48.9%, -28.2%) when comparing post- and pre-intervention results; and -37.1% (CI: -45.2%, -28.9%) when comparing UV disinfected water to alternatives within the household. We found substantial increases in post-treatment E. coli contamination when comparing samples from the UV system effluent (5.0%) to samples taken from the storage container (21.1%) and drinking glasses (26.0%). We found that improved household infrastructure, additional extractions from the storage container, additional time from when the storage container was filled, and increased experience of the UV system operator were associated with reductions in post-treatment contamination. Our results suggest that the UV system is efficacious at improving household water quality when used as intended. Promoting safe storage habits is essential for an effective UV system dissemination. The drinking glass appears to represent a small but significant source of recontamination that is likely to impact all HWTS systems

    Pre- and posttreatment techniques for spacecraft water recovery

    Get PDF
    The objective was to develop techniques for satisfactory pretreatment of waste water (urine and wash water) prior to recovery by distillation and satisfactory post-treatment of the recovered water and humidity condensate for purification to the high quality necessary for reuse. The effort included literature and laboratory investigations, feasibility evaluations of candidate approaches, and development of conceptual designs for a waste water pretreatment system and a recovered water post-treatment system

    Surface water treatment by custom-made mobile water treatment system

    Get PDF
    Advances in membrane technology have stimulated a growing interest in the development of mobile water treatment systems for rural areas lacking clean water access. This study explored the use of ultrafiltration hollow fibre (UF-HF) membranes as a filter medium in a mobile water system for surface water treatment. Prior to the surface water treatment operation, two types of UF-HF modules were prepared using different numbers of fibres (i.e. 15 and 30 fibres). By considering the effect of turbidity on the membrane permeate flux, it was found that the 30-fibre module performed with higher consistency than the module with 15 fibres within the same range of turbidity. It was observed that the specific permeate flux decreased gradually with operation time and that, simultaneously, specific permeate flux was governed by transmembrane pressure and feed water temperature. Consequently, the filtered water production was found to decrease with time. The UF-HF membrane module demonstrated good surface water treatment efficiency for a smaller-scale filter modul

    Agriculture drainage affects river water quality

    Get PDF
    The acidic level of the freshwater is a major concern to water treatment plant operators. Extremely acidic freshwater could affect the operation of the treatment plant in many ways. The cost to neutralisation the water would increase and treatment scheduling would be more complicated. This paper reports the influence of agricultural drainage on river water quality in Bekok river system in Johor, Malaysia. The river is the sole source of freshwater supply to two water treatment plants located at the downstream reach of the river. Three water quality parameters, i.e. pH, Iron and Ammonia-N, were used as an indication parameter. Water samples collected from 16 different river reaches along the 20-km river were analysed. A significant decrease in pH was found near the water intake point, where most of the drained areas are located. The study also found that in general, the quality of the river water was better during low flow condition (non-rainy days) compared to high flow (rainy days). Multiple regression analysis showed that pH was significantly related to Iron and Ammonia contents

    Case study: design, operation and water quality management of a combined wet and dry pond system

    Get PDF
    Pond structures as cost-effective water treatment, storage and “source control” drainage techniques can be applied in order to reduce wastewater treatment costs, produce water for subsequent recycling and reduce the risk of downstream flooding. However, there is a need for detailed design, operation and maintenance data. The purpose of this study was to optimise design and operation guidelines, and to assess the water treatment potential of stormwater pond systems. Performance data (15 months) for a stormwater pond pilot plant were collected. The system is based on a combined silt trap, attenuation wet pond and dry pond system applied for drainage of roof water run-off from a single domestic property. United Kingdom Building Research Establishment and Construction Industry Research and Information Association, and German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste design guidelines were tested. These design guidelines were insufficient because they do not consider local hydrological and soil conditions. The infiltration function for the dry pond is logarithmic and depends on the season. Furthermore, biochemical and physical algal control techniques were successfully applied, and passive water treatment of rainwater run-off with a wet pond was found to be sufficient. However, seasonal and diurnal variations of biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen and pH were recorded. Finally, capital and labour costs for small ponds are high

    Viruses and drinking water

    Get PDF
    There is no evidence to indicate that there is a risk of acquiring a virus infection through the consumption of properly treated drinking water, provided the integrity of the distribution system is maintained and there is no post-treatment contamination. The consumption of inadequately treated, untreated or post-treatment contaminated water is, however, associated with a risk of hepatitis A, hepatitis E and viral gastroenteritis. The use of the standard bacterial indicators for water monitoring provides an adequate safeguard against viral contamination

    Portable treatment system to treat cafeteria sullage water using effective microorganism and biomedia

    Get PDF
    This study investigates portable water treatment in small scale size according to the design in the previous research that can solve the main problem of water pollution faced by UTHM Kampus Pagoh cafeteria. The objectives of this study are to design and produce a portable water treatment system using effective microbioorganism and biomedia to reduce contamination of sullage water and to analyze and make a comparative study with other designs to treat sullage water focusing on UTHM Kampus Pagoh cafeteria. To produce portable water treatment, a do-it-yourself (DIY) tank from polypropylene container box with volume of 151 L was designed, incorporating two types of biological treatments, namely effective microorganism and biomedia. This study also reviewed and compares the analysis results of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solid of water treatment from previous studies. At the end of this study, the expected results obtained were comparable with results from the previous studies. As a recommendation, actual laboratory tests must be conducted for future work to obtain accurate data for the parameters analyzed

    Water level monitoring and controlling of water treatment plants using wireless sensors in LabVIEW

    Get PDF
    Monitoring and controlling systems are taken as the main entity of any field which can ensure for the effective performance, hence its importance is rising exponentially in industry field. There can be many factors which can bring variations in those systems. This may cease the efficiency of the industry and destruction of industrial equipment. Therefore, monitoring, evaluation and controlling of the variables of any system is significantly important. The main objective of this research is to investigate the process of combining monitoring and controlling of the water level in the distribution tanks of water treatment plants by using wireless sensors network. The design and developed prototype of remote monitoring and controlling system of water levels in various tanks can be used in different parts of the water treatment plants. We have proposed, developed and tested hardware module based on two Arduino Mega2560 boards linked wirelessly by using two NRF transceivers. Remote Arduino is designed to monitor the water flow and the level of the distribution tank besides controlling the water level whenever is necessary. The real time sensors readings obtained are observed by specially designed LabVIEW application using graphical user interface running on a PC connected directly to the local Arduino. The application displays and analyses sensors reading on the front panel. Water level is controlled based on preset values entered by the user. The experimental result and percentage error curve endorse the reliability and feasibility of the proposed system to provide a solution for similar problems in industrial liquids treatment process applications

    The effect of combined sewer overflow (CSO) on the abundance of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the James River

    Get PDF
    Antibiotics have been used to treat bacterial infections worldwide since their discovery in the early 20th century and are vital to human health. Unfortunately, the heavy use of antibiotics has led to the increased natural selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria. In urban rivers, the spread of resistance resistance is through through the direct acquisition of resistance genes by either either either cell-to -cell contact or DNA uptake via a process called horizontal gene transfer transfer(HGT) 2.HGT, resistance genes, and resistant bacteria are in greater abundance in wastewater systems, and are released into the environment in wastewater plant effluent2,3. One problematic method of wastewater treatment, used in over over 750 cities in the US, is the Combined Sewer System System(CSS) 4.This collects the water from both rainfall and sewage for treatment at a single facility.Occasionally when it rains, the treatment plant exceeds capacity and the combined untreated effluent enters the river in what is called a CSO (Combined Sewer Overflow) event. Some studies have found that antibiotic resistance genes can be more abundant in river water water affected by wastewater treatment effluent and correlated with CSO events events 7
    corecore