A review on the present situation of wastewater treatment in textile industry with membrane bioreactor and moving bed biofilm reactor

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is one of the advanced treatment technologies used in industrial wastewater treatment due to its various advantages over conventional biological processes. Recently, the application of MBR in treatment of textile wastewater has increased significantly with an effective removal of contaminants. Moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) has been efficiently used for the treatment of different municipal and industrial wastewater during the last decades and it is a relatively novel and effective technology applied in textile wastewater treatment. This review paper presents the situation of MBR and MBBR technology for textile wastewater purification under different conditions and collates results of previous studies during the past years about MBR and MBBR treatment technologies used in textile processes. Both of these two technologies have shown their efficiency, but they still have problems in textile wastewater treatment. To this end, MBR-MBBR hybrid system could be an attractive solution for textile wastewater purification because of the high efficiency and low consumption of energy and spacePostprint (author's final draft

Sludge Production and Disposal for Small Cold Climate Bio-Treatment Plants

Ultimate disposal of wastewater sludge has long been a problem which to a large degree has been ignored. Haney (1971) stated that: "Until process sludge can be handled with minimum environmental impact, we cannot claim to have a viable wastewater treatment process". The relationship of sludge disposal to total treatment processes is emphasized by the fact that sludge handling and disposal represents up to 50 percent of the total treatment capital and operating costs (Burd, 1968). Processing of wastewater sludge will, no doubt, receive increased attention in the future because of environmental concerns for our air, land and water. The present technology for processing wastewater treatment plant sludge is well established and includes conditioning, dewatering, and disposal. Many of these processes are highly sophisticated and relatively expensive. Most of the more advanced processes are unsuitable for small wastewater treatment facilities in Alaska.The work upon which this report is based was supported in part by funds (Proj. A-033-ALAS) provided by the United States Department of the Interior, Office of Water Resources Research, as authorized under the Water Resources Act of 1964, as amended

The impact of process variables on the removal of PBDEs and NPEOs during simulated activated sludge treatment

Sewage effluent is known to be a major source of endocrine disrupting compounds entering the aquatic environment. More efficient wastewater treatment could reduce the environmental load but, in order to achieve this factors determining compound behaviour must be understood. The knowledge of compound fate is becoming increasingly important for risk assessments and to allow modifications to wastewater treatment works to facilitate treatment of these compounds. This work illustrates that the removal of some endocrine disrupting compounds from sewage treatment works effluent is dependent on parameters such as sludge age, influent concentrations, concentrations of co-metabolites and hydraulic retention time as well as physico-chemical compound properties. From this research it is apparent that the principle environmental risk of plybrominated diphenyl ether contamination after wastewater treatment is via sludge disposal routes. Treatment of wastewater containing nonylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants poses environmental risks via two routes, some nonylphenolic compounds may pass through into receiving waters and degradation products such as nonylphenol and short chain ethoxylate compounds will enter the environment via sludge disposal.

Removal of nitrogen pollutant from domestic wastewater

Water as a medium for waste transport would be easily contaminated by human activities. Many methods have been proposed to treat contaminated water to protect human health and biodiversity (Z. Daud et al., 2017). Due to upgrade the existing wastewater treatment plant facilities, the typically advanced technologies have been proposed to remove many types of pollutant, effectively (Tchobanoglous, Burton, & Stensel, 2004). The development of wastewater treatment plant needs to be considered leading economic indicators to have low operational and maintenance costs (Lewandowski, 2015; Shammas, Wang, & Wu, 2009). Aerobic digestion (AD) has been known since 1950 as biological wastewater treatment process to treat wastewater by removing the pollutants for instance colloids, organic compounds and suspended solids to avoid the excessive pollutants released into the receiving water (Shammas and Wang, 2007)

Development of optimal location and design capacity of wastewater treatment plants for urban areas: a case study in Samawah city

Water, and related wastewater structures, are critical factors in the existence and the improvement of civilizations. Wastewater gathering and management has a considerable effect on the climate and economy at both regional and global level, and, accordingly, it is appropriate to advance actions that guarantee effective management for wastewater, particularly in urban areas. This research thus examined the environmental and economic aspects of proposed locations for wastewater treatment plants. Samawah city, located in the southern part of Iraq, was selected as a case study for the research methodology, and for research purposes, the studied city was divided into three main zones (1, 2, and 3) of sixteen areas. The Google Earth tool was used to calculate the lowest elevations in the studied zones in order to assess the suggested positions of treatment plants. Additionally, the WinQSB program was utilised to select the most appropriate positions for treatment plants based on data obtained from local government departments. These data include population, water consumption, and required lengths and subsequent cost of pipes. This research thus developed a new strategy for assigning the locations of wastewater treatment plants

Reduction of seafood processing wastewater using technologies enhanced by swim–bed technology

The increasing growth of the seafood processing industries considerably requires more industrial process activities and water consumption. It is estimated that approximately 10–40 m3 of wastewater is generated from those industries for processing one-tonne of raw materials. Due to limitations and regulations in natural resources utilization, a suitable and systematic wastewater treatment plant is very important to meet rigorous discharge standards. As a result of food waste biodegradability, the biological treatment and some extent of swim-bed technology, including a novel acryl-fibre (biofilm) material might be used effectively to meet the effluent discharge criteria. This chapter aims to develop understanding on current problems and production of the seafood wastewater regarding treatment efficiency and methods of treatment

Demand response within the energy-for-water-nexus - A review. ESRI WP637, October 2019

A promising tool to achieve more flexibility within power systems is demand re-sponse (DR). End-users in many strands of industry have been subject to research up to now regarding the opportunities for implementing DR programmes. One sector that has received little attention from the literature so far, is wastewater treatment. However, case studies indicate that the potential for wastewater treatment plants to provide DR services might be significant. This review presents and categorises recent modelling approaches for industrial demand response as well as for the wastewater treatment plant operation. Furthermore, the main sources of flexibility from wastewater treatment plants are presented: a potential for variable electricity use in aeration, the time-shifting operation of pumps, the exploitation of built-in redundan-cy in the system and flexibility in the sludge processing. Although case studies con-note the potential for DR from individual WWTPs, no study acknowledges the en-dogeneity of energy prices which arises from a large-scale utilisation of DR. There-fore, an integrated energy systems approach is required to quantify system and market effects effectively

The effect of silane treatment on nanosized carica papaya seed modified pullulan as biocoagulant in wastewater treatment

Currently, conventional wastewater treatment process used chemical coagulant such as Aluminium sulphate. However, the residual aluminium in treated wastewater causes toxicity and serious health issues such as Alzheimer’ disease. Thus, in this study the potential of nanosized Carica Papaya (CP) seeds treated by silane coupling agent incorporated to pullulan on wastewater treatment was investigated. The biocoagulant produce prepared at a different composition of CP range from 1% to 9% was used to treat sewage wastewater. The biocoagulant was characterized by particle size analyser, FTIR and FESEM. The treated wastewater was analyzed by jar test in term of turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen and Total Suspended Solid with biocoagulant dosage at 0.6 g/L. The size of nanosized biocoagulant was obtained at 608.9 nm. Silane treatment provides well dispersion of nanosized Carica Papaya seed powder in the pullulan matrix phase. FTIR analysis shows the presence of O-H, C=O and Si-O-CH3 bond. The highest turbidity reduction observed at the composition of nanosized CP5/P and silane treated nanosized CP5/P up to 93.89% and 93.98% respectively. However, no significant changes observed on turbidity reduction with increasing CP seeds content for both biocoagulant. Further, at these compositions, the TSS reduced up to 20% and 60% respectively. The DO value of wastewater decreased from the initial value and the increased the pH from 6.58 to 6.69 lead to the neutral condition. Therefore, the effectiveness of both untreated and silane treated biocoagulant were further confirmed upon textile wastewater with turbidity reduction achieved up to 7.84% and 14.54 % respectively. Overall, silane treatment enhanced the effectiveness of nanosized CP modified pullulan as biocoagulant

Assessment of anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and wastewater solids for sustainable waste management in Yosemite National Park, USA

The growing need for sustainable municipal solid waste treatment and energy production has driven the development of new waste management methods like co-digestion. Anaerobic co-digestion of food waste (FW) and wastewater solids (WWS) has been implemented at a few wastewater treatments plants to efficiently treat organic wastes and produce methane-rich biogas as an energy source. Yosemite National Park has an opportunity to design a new co-digestion facility with an upcoming upgrade to their local wastewater treatment plant in El Portal, California. The Park annually produces approximately 5 million tons of primary WWS and 1 million tons of FW waste, with a volatile solid ratio of 70:30 FW to WWS, or 70% FW. Diverted FW is currently sent to the Mariposa County landfill’s compost facility. To measure the possible increase in biogas production associated with FW addition to WWS, a biochemical methane potential (BMP) test was done over 35 days under mesophilic conditions with treatment mixing ratios ranging from 0% to 100% FW on a volatile solids basis. Calculated annual methane production increased 3.25 times from 0% FW scenario (WWS only) versus a 70% FW scenario, translating to a potential increase in methane production at the wastewater treatment plant of 28,000 to 91,000 m3/yr. Results showed that if the wastewater treatment plant also implemented combined heat and power to combust the increased biogas from 70% FW co-digestion, potentially 920,000 kWh/yr could be produced to cover all electricity and heating needs. This research demonstrates that Yosemite National Park could combine FW and WWS to sustainably manage their organic waste in line with their Zero Landfill Initiative, as well as produce enough energy to fully power the El Portal wastewater treatment plant

Adaptive model based control for wastewater treatment plants

In biological wastewater treatment, nitrogen and phosphorous are removed by activated sludge. The process requires oxygen input via aeration of the activated sludge tank. Aeration is responsible for about 60% of the energy consumption of a treatment plant. Hence optimization of aeration can contribute considerably to the increase of energy-efficiency in wastewater treatment. To this end, we introduce an adaptive model based control strategy for aeration called adaptive WOMBAT. The strategy is an improvement of the original WOMBAT, which has been successfully implemented at wastewater treatment plant Westpoort in Amsterdam. In this paper we propose to improve the physics-based model by introducing automatic parameter adaptation. In an experimental model setup the adaptive model based control algorithm proves to result in better effluent quality with less energy consumption. Moreover, it is able to react to the varying circumstances of a real treatment plant and can, therefore, operate without human supervision