Identifying Winners and Losers in Transportation

This paper explores the issues surrounding transportation equity for effects both external and internal to transportation. Several examples of transportation "improvements" imposing transportation costs on more individuals than who are benefited are provided. Beyond counting the number of winners and losers, several quantitative measures of equity are suggested. To that end, transportation benefit cost analyses should include an "Equity Impact Statement". This statement would consider the distribution of the opportunities to participate in decisions and the outcomes of those decisions (in terms of mobility, economic, environmental, and health effects) that different strata (spatial, temporal, modal, generational, gender, racial, cultural, and income) of the population receive. Policy makers would then have additional information on which to base decisions.Environmental Justice, Social and Economic Factors, Equity, Benefit-Cost, Transportation Evaluation .

Policy Brief: Social Equity Impacts of Congestion Management Strategies

To better understand the equity implications of a variety of congestion management strategies, researchers at the Transportation Sustainability Research Center (TSRC) at University of California, Berkeley analyzed existing literature on congestion management strategies and findings from 12 expert interviews. The literature review applies the Spatial – Temporal – Economic – Physiological – Social (STEPS) Equity Framework1 to identify impacts and classify whether social equity barriers are reduced, exacerbated, or both by a particular strategy. The congestion management strategies of interest were categorized into six broader categories: 1) pricing, 2) parking and curb policies, 3) operational strategies, 4) infrastructure changes, 5) transportation services and strategies, and 6) conventional taxation

Measuring Solvency In The Turkish Public Transportation Industry Cem

Financial analysis is a combined effort of knowledge and experience to obtain relevant ratios and elaborate on the results. The study is an application of financial analysis on Istanbul Public Transportation Company. As seen in the literature review section of the study public transportation companies require high subsidies by governments which is a factor to consider in the research. The research period is 2014- 2016. It is a comparative study with the inclusion of Izmir – ESHOT and Ankara – EGO public transportation companies. The results are therefore compared with industry averages computed by the average of public transportation companies of three big cities in Turkey. The research is based on 7 selected ratios, 3 for measuring liquidity and the remaining 4 for measuring solvency. The ratios used in this paper are current ratio, acid test ratio, cash ratio, total debt ratio, debt equity ratio, equity multiplier, and long term debt ratio. According to the results, the companies have a very low current ratio which means they operate with low liquidity. Solvency analysis also reveal that, there are high degrees of leverage and negative shareholders’ equity. The research shows that companies might struggle to repay debts without government support

Development of Financial Intermediation and the Dynamics of Rural-Urban Inequality: China, 1978-98

housing, transportation, planning, coordination, reform, equity, justice, inequality, central banks, China

Bus Rapid Transit Systems: Expanding Transit Investment Alternatives at the Federal Level

Policymakers are looking at Bus Rapid Transit as a complement to current mass transit investment options, including light- and heavy-rail. The Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA- 21), which provides six-year funding for highway and transit programs, including Major Capital Investment "New Starts" Projects, expired on September 30th. An extension was approved through February 29th. New Starts Projects are defined under current legislation as fixed-guideway systems (like rail systems) that significantly restructure land use and congestion patterns in an urban area. As policymakers look for ways to invest in BRT, the Department of Transportation is encouraging BRT eligibility under the New Starts Program. The proposal included in the "Safe, Accountable, Flexible and Efficient Transportation Equity Act of 2003" (SAFETEA), the policy recommendation for TEA-21 reauthorization put forth by the Bush Administration, provides funding under the New Starts Program to "non-fixed guideway" systems. The Congress will consider this as it debates SAFETEA through 2003 and 2004

Seeking Sustainable and Inclusive Communities: A King County Case Study

Illustrates the connection between the efforts of King County, Washington, to ease the environmental strain of economic and land development and issues of equity and social justice, including public health, transportation, and educational opportunity

Methodologies and Tools to Evaluate Issues Relating to Land-Use and / or Social Aspects of Urban Transportation Policies: An accessibility Concept Linked Approach

Transportation policy issues are important in urban areas since they try to answer growing preoccupations. Nevertheless, do assessment tools enable the evaluation of social equity? In the French case, assessment methodologies - cost-benefit analysis - have been developed to make allowance for more elements. Even if economic and environment aspects could be evaluated for each urban transport system user, analysis does not linger over individual impacts. The question of social equity is either in the background or is not analysed, in both transportation policies and methodologies assessment. However, literature review and decision-maker's speeches on equality show us a re-emergence of the social field in transportation policies. This appears with values of individual “rights” and “chance”. By consequence, we interpret the equal opportunity between individuals by the accessibility concept. Accessibility is one of the basic approaches to the question of the social aspects in transportation policies. In order to take into account for social field and to answer accessibility to what, for whom and how?” indicators based on a “differentiated accessibility” could be established. These indicators would propose a tool that would make it possible to light the decision makers and to account for individual inequalities, considered in terms of chances to profit from the amenities of an urban area that they need to achieve their goals.Accessibility ; Assessment ; Equity ; Methods ; Social field

Model-based Transportation Performance: A Comparative Framework and Literature Synthesis, Research Report 11-09

In an era of limited resources and a proliferation of data, there is increasing pressure to conduct careful evaluations of the economic, environmental, and equity effects of investments and policies that influence transportation and land-use systems. This report compares performance measures recommended to achieve desired goals and reviews the literature to determine the degree to which these measures have been implemented and what they indicate about the relative effectiveness of land-use, transit, and automobile pricing policies. Despite the variation in methods and performance measures implemented in the studies reviewed for this report, the synthesis of study results suggests the direction and relative magnitude of change resulting from different types of policies, as well as potential biases introduced by omitting the representation of the land-use and transportation interaction. Overall, the performance measures indicate that carefully designed transit, land-use, and automobile pricing policies may improve travel, economic, environmental, and equity conditions for communities. However, transit and peak-period automobile pricing policies can, in some situations, lead to negative performance outcomes across some or all measures, as illustrated in studies that explicitly represent the land-use and transportation interaction

Analisis Rasio Keuangan Dalam Memprediksi Perubahan Laba Pada Perusahaan Transportation Services Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah variabel Current Ratio, Debt to Equity ratio, Net Profit Margin, Total Asset Turnover, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, dan Day Sales Outstanding, secara individu dan bersama-sama berpengaruh dalam memprediksi perubahan laba pada Perusahaan Transportation Services. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan Perusahaan Transportation Services yang diterbitkan oleh Indonesia Capital Market Directory (ICMD). Populasi yang digunakan adalah Perusahaan Transportation Services yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun periode 2010-2012 sebanyak 27 perusahaan. Pengambilan sampel dipilih secara purposive sampling, diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 18 perusahaan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah uji regresi berganda dengan variabel Current Ratio, Debt to Equity ratio, Net Profit Margin, Total Asset Turnover, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, dan Day Sales Outstanding Dari perhitungan uji F diperoleh hasil bahwa variabel Current Ratio, Debt to Equity ratio, Net Profit Margin, Total Asset Turnover, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, dan Day Sales Outstanding secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan laba Perusahaan Transportation Services di BEI periode 2010-2012. Dari hasil perhitungan uji t variabel Current Ratio, Total Asset Turnover, Return on Asset, Return on Equity secara individu berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan laba Perusahaan Transportation Services di BEI periode 2010-2012, sedangkan variabel Debt to Equity Ratio, Net Profit Margin, Day Sales Outstanding secara individu tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan laba Perusahaan Transportation Services di BEI periode 2010-2012