Detection and Treatment of Mineral Nutrition Problems in Grazing Sheep

Livestock Production/Industries,

Relationships between Haematological Parameters, Biochemical Markers of Iron Metabolism, and Trace Elements in Paediatric Patients under 3 Years with Iron Deficiency Anaemia

Дефіцит заліза викликає дисбаланс інших мікро- і макроелементів, що призводить до порушення обміну більшості мікроелементів і розвитку характерних клінічних симптомів. Взаємодія і кореляція між мікроелементами та гематологічними параметрами досі не ясна. Мета. Вивчити взаємозв'язки між гематологічними параметрами, біохімічними маркерами метаболізму заліза і мікроелементами у дітей віком до 3 років із залізодефіцитною анемією (ЗДА). Матеріали і методи. Дослідження включало 86 пацієнтів від 0 до 3 років з клінічними і лабораторними ознаками ЗДА. 38 дітей були з університетської лікарні медичного університету м.Плевен, Болгарія - І-ша група, і 48 були пацієнтами Сумської обласної дитячої клінічної лікарні, м.Суми, Україна - група II. Група порівняння включала 25 здорових дітей того ж віку. Гематологічні показники і еритроцитарні індекси визначалися на аналізаторі MICROS - 18 (ABX). Сироватковий еритропоетин (сЕПО) і феритин (sFR) визначали імуноферментним аналізом. Сироватковий вміст мікроелементів визначали спектрофотометрично (I група) або за допомогою атомно- абсорбційної спектрофотометрії (II група). Для оцінки взаємозв'язку між маркерами метаболізму заліза та гематологічними параметрами використовували коефіцієнт кореляції Спірмена. Результати. Розвиток ЗДА обумовлений не лише порушенням метаболізму заліза, але й інших мікроелементів, які прямо чи опосередковано можуть впливати як обмін заліза, так і на регуляцію еритропоезу через продукцію еритропоетину. Ми знайшли достовірну кореляцію між рівнем хрому і насиченням трансферину (r = -0,382, р = 0,018), цинку і сEПO (r = 0,543, р = 0,036), міді і sFR (r = -0,561, р = 0,029), і cЕПО (r = -0,739, р = 0,0016), кобальтa і сEPO (r = 0,769, р = 0,0021), що вказує на роль мікроелементів в патогенезі ЗДА. Таким чином, якщо звичайна терапія ЗДА є неефективною, необхідно виключати супутнє порушення мікроелементного балансу з оцінкою рівня мікроелементів, а за необхідності повинна проводитися корекція. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36824Дефицит железа вызывает дисбаланс других микро- и макроэлементов, что приводит к нарушению обмена большинства микроэлементов и развитию характерных клинических симптомов. Взаимодействие и корреляция между микроэлементами и гематологическими параметрами до сих пор не ясна. Цель. Изучить взаимосвязи между гематологическими параметрами, биохимическими маркерами метаболизма железа и микроэлементами у детей в возрасте до 3 лет с железодефицитной анемией (ЖДА). Материалы и методы. Исследование включало 86 пациентов от 0 до 3 лет с клиническими и лабораторными признаками ЖДА. 38 детей были из университетской больницы медицинского университета г.Плевен, Болгария - І-я группа, и 48 были пациентами Сумской областной детской клинической больницы, г.Сумы, Украина - группа II. Группа сравнения включала 25 здоровых детей того же возраста. Гематологические показатели и эритроцитарные индексы определялись на анализаторе MICROS - 18 (ABX). Сыворочный эритропоэтин (сЭПО) и ферритин (sFR) определялись иммуноферментным анализом. Сывороточное содержание микроэлементов определяли спектрофотометрически (I группа) или с помощью атомно- абсорбционной спектрофотометрии (II группа). Для оценки взаимосвязи между маркерами метаболизма железа и гематологическими параметрами использовали коэффициент корреляции Спирмена. Результаты. Развитие ЖДА обусловлено не только нарушением метаболизма железа, но и других микроэлементов, которые прямо или косвенно могут влиять как обмен железа, так и на регуляцию эритропоэза через продукцию эритропоэтина. Мы нашли значимые корреляцию между уровнем хрома и насыщением трансферрина (r = -0,382, р = 0,018), цинка - и сЭПO (r = 0,543, р = 0,036), меди и sFR (r = -0,561, р = 0,029), и cЭПО (r= -0,739, р = 0,0016), кобальтa и сЭПO (r = 0,769, р = 0,0021), что указывает на роль микроэлементов в патогенезе ЖДА. Таким образом, если обычная терапия ЖДА является неэффективной, необходимо исключать сопутствующее нарушение микроэлементного балланса с оценкой уровня микроэлементов, а при необходимости должна проводиться коррекция. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36824Iron deficiency causes disbalance of other micro- and macroelements that leads to disruption of the exchange of most micronutrients and development of characteristic clinical symptoms. Interaction and correlation between trace elements and haematological parameters is still not clear. Aim. To investigate the relationship between haematological parameters, biochemical markers of iron metabolism and trace elements in children under 3 years with Iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA). Materials and Methods. Investigation comprises 86 patients from 0 to 3 years of age with clinical and laboratory signs of IDA. 38 children-patients are of the University Hospital, Medical University – Pleven, Bulgaria – I group, and 48 are patients of the Sumy Regional Child’s Clinical Hospital, Sumy, Ukraine – II group. Comparison group includes 25 healthy children at the same age. Haematological parameters and the red cell indices were examined by analyzer MICROS – 18 (ABX). The serum erythropoietin (sEPO) and ferritin (sFR) levels were determined by ELISA. Serum content of trace elements was determined spectrophotometrically (I group) or by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (II group). To evaluate a relationship between markers of iron metabolism and haematological parameters we have used Spearman's correlation coefficients. Results. Formation of IDA is caused not only by violation of iron metabolism, but also other trace elements that directly or indirectly may affect both iron exchange and erythropoiesis regulation through the erythropoietin production. We found significant correlations between the level of chromium and transferrin saturation (r = -0.382, p = 0.018), zinc – with sEPO (r = 0.543, p = 0.036), copper – with sFR (r = -0.561, p = 0.029), and sEPO (r = -0.739, p = 0.0016), and cobalt – with sEPO (r = 0.769, p = 0.0021), that indicate the role of trace elements in the pathogenesis of IDA. Thus, if the routine therapy of IDA is ineffective, a concomitant micronutrient disorder should be considered, with an evaluation of trace elements level, and, if necessary, a correction should be carried out. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3682

Identification of a Hemolysis Threshold That Increases Plasma and Serum Zinc Concentration.

Background: Plasma or serum zinc concentration (PZC or SZC) is the primary measure of zinc status, but accurate sampling requires controlling for hemolysis to prevent leakage of zinc from erythrocytes. It is not established how much hemolysis can occur without changing PZC/SZC concentrations.Objective: This study determines a guideline for the level of hemolysis that can significantly elevate PZC/SZC.Methods: The effect of hemolysis on PZC/SZC was estimated by using standard hematologic variables and mineral content. The calculated hemolysis threshold was then compared with results from an in vitro study and a population survey. Hemolysis was assessed by hemoglobin and iron concentrations, direct spectrophotometry, and visual assessment of the plasma or serum. Zinc and iron concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry.Results: A 5% increase in PZC/SZC was calculated to result from the lysis of 1.15% of the erythrocytes in whole blood, corresponding to ∼1 g hemoglobin/L added into the plasma or serum. Similarly, the addition of simulated hemolysate to control plasma in vitro caused a 5% increase in PZC when hemoglobin concentrations reached 1.18 ± 0.10 g/L. In addition, serum samples from a population nutritional survey were scored for hemolysis and analyzed for changes in SZC; samples with hemolysis in the range of 1-2.5 g hemoglobin/L showed an estimated increase in SZC of 6% compared with nonhemolyzed samples. Each approach indicated that a 5% increase in PZC/SZC occurs at ∼1 g hemoglobin/L in plasma or serum. This concentration of hemoglobin can be readily identified directly by chemical hemoglobin assays or indirectly by direct spectrophotometry or matching to a color scale.Conclusions: A threshold of 1 g hemoglobin/L is recommended for PZC/SZC measurements to avoid increases in zinc caused by hemolysis. The use of this threshold may improve zinc assessment for monitoring zinc status and nutritional interventions

Effects of zinc supplementation on cognitive function in healthy middle-aged and older adults: the ZENITH study

A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled design was employed to investigate the effects of Zn supplementation on cognitive function in 387 healthy adults aged 55–87 years. Several measures of visual memory, working memory, attention and reaction time were obtained using the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery at baseline and then after 3 and 6 months of 0 (placebo), 15 or 30 mg Zn/d. Younger adults (70 years), and performance improved with practice on some measures. For two out of eight dependent variables, there were significant interactions indicating a beneficial effect (at 3 months only) of both 15 and 30 mg/d on one measure of spatial working memory and a detrimental effect of 15 mg/d on one measure of attention. Further work is required to establish whether these findings generalise to older adults in poorer mental and physical health and with less adequate Zn intake and status than the present sample

Comparative metal distribution in scalp hair of Pakistani and Irish referents and diabetes mellitus patients

Background: The essential metals, chromium (Cr), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn), are necessary for many metabolic processes and their homeostasis is crucial for life. The toxic metals, cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), have no beneficial role in human metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of Cd, Cr, Mg, Mn, Pb, and Zn in scalp hair samples of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of both genders, ages ranging from 30 to 50 y, and belong to urban areas of Ireland and Pakistan. For comparison purposes, age matched non-diabetic subjects of both countries were selected as referents. Methods: The concentrations of metals in scalp hair samples were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometer after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of the methodology were checked by conventional wet-acid-digestion method and using certified reference materials. Results: The mean values of Cd and Pb were significantly higher in scalp hair samples of both Pakistani and Irish diabetic patients as compared to referents of both countries (P<0.001). In contrast, lower Cr, Mg, Mn, and Zn (P<0.01) concentrations were detected in scalp hair derived from patients with type 2 diabetes versus healthy subjects of both countries. Conclusion: This study showed that, increased toxic elements and decreased essential elements are associated with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, these elements may play a role in the development and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus

Supplementation of iron alone and combined with vitamins improves haematological status, erythrocyte membrane fluidity and oxidative stress in anaemic pregnant women

Pregnancy is a condition exhibiting increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, and Fe plays a central role in generating harmful oxygen species. The objective of the present study is to investigate the changes in haematological status, oxidative stress and erythrocyte membrane fluidity in anaemic pregnant women after Fe supplementation with and without combined vitamins. The study was a 2 months double-blind, randomised trial. Pregnant women (n 164) were allocated to four groups: group C was the placebo control group; group I was supplemented daily with 60 mg Fe (ferrous sulphate) daily; group IF was supplemented daily with Fe plus 400 µg folic acid; group IM was supplemented daily with Fe plus 2 mg retinol and 1 mg riboflavin, respectively. After the 2-month trial, Hb significantly increased by 15·8, 17·3 and 21·8 g/l, and ferritin by 2·8, 3·6 and 11·0 µg/l, in the I, IF and IM groups compared with placebo. Polarisation (¿) and microviscosity (¿) decreased significantly in other groups compared with placebo, indicating an increase in membrane fluidity. Significant decreases of ¿ and ¿ values compared with group C were 0·033 and 0·959 for group I, 0·037 and 1·074 for group IF and 0·064 and 1·865 for group IM, respectively. In addition, significant increases of glutathione peroxidase activities and decreases of malondialdehyde were shown in all treated groups, as well as increases of plasma retinol and urine riboflavin in group IM. The findings show that supplementation with Fe and particularly in combination with vitamins could improve the haematological status as well as oxidative stress and erythrocyte membrane fluidit

Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing bibliography, supplement 191

A bibliographical list of 182 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in February 1979 is presented