544 research outputs found
From Luxury Liners to Aircraft Carriers: USS Wolverine and USS Sable
This thesis details the complex conversions of two Great Lakes passenger ships into flattop aircraft carriers in 1942 and 1943, and the subsequent training of thousands of pilots aboard the carriers. The entire US naval fleet in 1942 consisted of eight carriers-all of which were desperately needed to fight the Axis powers on the open oceans. To save time and materials, the Navy elected to convert existing ships rather than build new carriers. Lake carriers did not need massive hulls, armaments, elevators and cabins below deck for plane storage and personnel, but they did need realistic carrier operating conditions. The Great Lakes, especially Lake Michigan, offered wind and wave conditions resembling those found on the open oceans. Navy Pier, in Chicago, provided ideal docking, because it was close to Glenview Naval Air base by air and to Glenview's satellite airfields where the planes were fielded, and pilots were bunked and fed. Hence, the carriers, Navy Pier, and Glenview had a symbiotic relationship; they each needed the other to allow the group to achieve its fullest potential. In 1942, the Navy requisitioned two of the largest passenger ships on the Lakes, SS Seeandbee and SS Greater Buffalo. American Shipbuilding Company retrofitted the two ships at their firm's docks at Cleveland and Buffalo. SS Seeandbee's conversion into USS Wolverine was completed in four months, but retrofitting SS Greater Buffalo into USS Sable took five months longer because the Navy decided to experiment with steel, instead of wood, decking
The Russian Fish with Caviar
Abstract: Historians have noted that the capture of the "Russian Fish" from the Germans was probably the most important outcome of the 1945 TICOM operation. Recently declassified documents have now provided a wealth of information pertaining to this vital break into Soviet communications at the dawn of the Cold War
An analytical view on Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) is a booming technology with a future perspective and does have a huge S potential to transfigure warfare and enable up to date civilian applications. It furthermore matures in a technological way as to be impinged into the civil society. In 2010, the importance of scientific applications in the respective field was demonstrated by DOD in the contemporary years. In recent years, UAS has played an integral role in a number of missions that are public like law enforcement which is local, board surveillance, weather monitoring, wildlife surveys, military training. UAS do force some challenges which are numbered as lacking a pilot which is on-board in order to see and hence avoiding supplemental aircrafts and furthermore, the extensive discrepancy in the missions related to UAS and in order to implement the operations in NextGen time frame impinged in NAS, the capabilities of the respective topic must be communicated. The applications of UAS are numbered as Ariel Mapping and Meteorology, intelligence, remote sensing, surveillance and reconnaissance, environmental monitoring and agriculture, border security, security applications and law enforcement, counter insurgency, electronic attacks, attack strike, communication relay, target identification and designation. Via this survey paper, it can be concluded that UAS is emerging as a valuable and helpful technology having tremendous potential for revolting warfare and enabling new applications w.r.t the UAS field
Golden Years of Australian Radio Astronomy
The evolution of Australian radio astronomy from 1945 to 1960 has been studied in detail by numerous historians of science in recent years. This Open Access book is the first to present an overview of this remarkable chapter in Australian science. The book begins in the post-war period, as the Radiophysics Laboratory in Sydney switched from secret wartime research on radar to peacetime applications of this new technology. Next follows the detection of radio waves from space and the ensuing transformation of this fledgling science into the dominant research program at the Radiophysics Lab. Drawing from this history, the book shows how by 1960 the Radiophysics Lab had become the largest and most successful radio astronomy group in the world. The final chapter presents an overview of Australian radio astronomy from 1960 to the present day, as Australia prepares to co-host the multi-national, multi-billion-dollar Square Kilometre Array. Nearly 300 high-quality images complement the text, drawn from a wide range of sources including the extensive collection held by the CSIRO Radio Astronomy Image Archive. The book will be an essential reference for readers interested in the scientific and cultural development of radio astronomy. This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license
Golden Years of Australian Radio Astronomy
The evolution of Australian radio astronomy from 1945 to 1960 has been studied in detail by numerous historians of science in recent years. This Open Access book is the first to present an overview of this remarkable chapter in Australian science. The book begins in the post-war period, as the Radiophysics Laboratory in Sydney switched from secret wartime research on radar to peacetime applications of this new technology. Next follows the detection of radio waves from space and the ensuing transformation of this fledgling science into the dominant research program at the Radiophysics Lab. Drawing from this history, the book shows how by 1960 the Radiophysics Lab had become the largest and most successful radio astronomy group in the world. The final chapter presents an overview of Australian radio astronomy from 1960 to the present day, as Australia prepares to co-host the multi-national, multi-billion-dollar Square Kilometre Array. Nearly 300 high-quality images complement the text, drawn from a wide range of sources including the extensive collection held by the CSIRO Radio Astronomy Image Archive. The book will be an essential reference for readers interested in the scientific and cultural development of radio astronomy. This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license
Golden Years of Australian Radio Astronomy
The evolution of Australian radio astronomy from 1945 to 1960 has been studied in detail by numerous historians of science in recent years. This Open Access book is the first to present an overview of this remarkable chapter in Australian science. The book begins in the post-war period, as the Radiophysics Laboratory in Sydney switched from secret wartime research on radar to peacetime applications of this new technology. Next follows the detection of radio waves from space and the ensuing transformation of this fledgling science into the dominant research program at the Radiophysics Lab. Drawing from this history, the book shows how by 1960 the Radiophysics Lab had become the largest and most successful radio astronomy group in the world. The final chapter presents an overview of Australian radio astronomy from 1960 to the present day, as Australia prepares to co-host the multi-national, multi-billion-dollar Square Kilometre Array. Nearly 300 high-quality images complement the text, drawn from a wide range of sources including the extensive collection held by the CSIRO Radio Astronomy Image Archive. The book will be an essential reference for readers interested in the scientific and cultural development of radio astronomy. This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license
High Altitude Airship Station-Keeping Analysis
Lighter-than-air vehicles were once widely utilized by most major militaries. The airship’s extended range and flight endurance made them the optimal vehicle for surveillance and reconnaissance. These flight characteristics have created new interest in using lighter-than-air vehicles as high altitude surveillance and communications platforms. Future Department of Defense plans include high altitude airships that will operate at near space altitudes and take advantage of the low wind region in the upper atmosphere located at approximately 24 km. A high altitude airship could provide 24-hour coverage of a target area if operated in this low wind region. This study investigated the station-keeping abilities of two such high altitude airships: a large/fast design (AS #1) and a smaller/slower design (AS #2). The two baseline airship designs were subjected to the same simulated yearlong station-keeping mission using realistic upper atmospheric wind data over the designated target of Baghdad. Actual wind data was generated by the Navy’s Fleet Numerical METOC Detachment and used to model the movements of both baseline airships. Their station-keeping capacity was determined by the duration of time each vehicle spent inside the targets coverage radius (552 km). The AS #1 design remained inside the operational radius for 87.67% of the year and the AS #2 design was only operational for 39.45% of the year. Neither airship maintained its station for the entire yearlong mission. This study concluded that advancements are required in propulsion or power production to decrease the size of the airship designs and increase the vehicles maximum velocity in order to counter the upper atmospheric winds
An assessment of lighter than air technology
The workshop on LTA is summarized. The history and background are reviewed. The workshop reports for the following working groups are presented: policy, market analysis, economics, operations, and technology
Working at Water\u27s Edge: Life Sciences at American Marine Laboratories, 1880-1930
This dissertation traces the rise of marine-based life science in America between 1880 and 1930, and examines the malleable spaces and technologies that facilitated multifaceted approaches to marine investigation. I begin by establishing baseline spatial and technological requirements for scientific work at the shoreline during this period. In subsequent chapters, I analyze four episodes of highly disciplinary work performed in these spaces: taxonomy, embryology, physiology, and animal behavior. While historians have pointed to a balkanization of scientific disciplines during this period, including reliance on specialized technologies and spaces, this dissertation seeks to highlight the continuities of space and technique in marine science and sheds light on the impact of these commonalities on the development of a cohesive marine science over the remainder of the twentieth century
Aviation Archaeology: History, Theory, Practice and Direction
Aviation archaeology as a field of study has struggled with competing academic, professional, and public definitions and priorities since its establishment. In some ways, this sub-discipline of historical or underwater archaeology mirrors the development of nautical archaeology. Like nautical archaeologists who overcame the barrier of the oceans and pioneered methodology to suit, the proponents of aviation archaeology have also used the discipline to overcome a barrier of historical perception and tradition.
The practice of aviation archaeology, however, has been characterized by opposing viewpoints and stakeholders often exhibit a non-collaborative attitude towards other groups and sometimes their own colleagues. These stakeholder groups are each focused on their own priorities, be they theory, methodology, conservation, exhibition, or re-use, and each group is arguably attempting to shape the future of aviation archaeology through their projects or publications. This dissertation is a critical evaluation of the current state of aviation archaeology, including its history, stakeholders, literature, and defining projects. This leads to the identification of a series of best practices in aviation archaeology and a theory of interpretation and display of recovered aircraft
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