121,381 research outputs found
Technological Threat Attribution, Trust and Confidence, and the Contestability of National Security Policy
The world has been asked to believe that China is a source of cyberthreat and that Russia is meddling in U.S. elections. Western populations are being asked to trust the words of intelligence agencies and world leaders that these unspecified technological threats are real. The oftenclassified nature of the threat results in governments not being able to provide the public with an evidence base for the threat attribution. This presents a social scientific crisis where without substantive evidence the public is asked to trust and have confidence in a particular technological threat attribution claim without any further assurance. It is sensible for the public to ask whose security claim should be believed and why? Likewise, it seems a critical social responsibility for security policy makers and academia to first acknowledge this conundrum and then strive to develop frameworks to better understand the trust and confidence challenges around technological threat attribution. This talk draws on New Zealand as a sociological case study to illustrate where and if a technological threat attribution and trust and confidence challenge might be evident in the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinetâs 2018 National Cyber Strategy refresh and the New Zealand Defence Forceâs 2018 Strategic Defense Policy Statement. This case study is used to sketch out a broader project focusing on how the contestability of national security strategy and government security discourse can present specific trust and confidence challenges for both the public and government, and how we might begin to address these challengesfals
Differentiating KMS Strategy from Business Strategy, KM Strategy and IS/IT Strategy
The era of the new millennium has witnessed a wide range of the revolutionized technology that affects our lives and the way an organization is conducted. The contemporary business sectors start to recognize the potential use of knowledge management in the new organizational processes. As a result, increasing numbers of organizations pay attention to the creative value of leveraging knowledge as one of their potential assets. Therefore, organizations start to focus on knowledge as one of the important elements in competitive advantage that needs to be utilized efficiently and effectively. They have shown a great attention of knowledge management in their business strategy incorporated with technology. The role of technological tools and applications is essential in supporting and enhancing knowledge management strategy. There has been a transition from traditional information system to new a concept of knowledge management system employed by organization to sustain competitive advantage in dynamic and unstable environment. Further, to shift the paradigm of knowledge management systems concept from business sectors, this study focused on the KMS applications and tools particularly in Institutions of Higher Education (IHE) environment. The purpose of this study is to (a) identify the relationship of business strategy, knowledge management (KM) Strategy, knowledge management systems (KMS) strategy, information system (IS) strategy and information technology (IT) strategy, particularly in the context of IHE, (b) describe those strategies and their relationship based on the context of IHE. This will provide guidance and effective methods for formulating the KMS strategy with the aim to align it with business strategies and ensuring success of its implementation
Technological greening, eco-efficiency, and no-regret strategy
In this paper we analyze the relationship between technological greening, eco-efficiency and no- regret strategies. By using a simple theoretical model, we evaluate the effects of technological greening on creation value, pollution level, and eco-efficiency. We show three contrasting effects of technological greening. First, technological greening may increase the pollution of a firm, and also of the whole industry. Second, the indicator of eco-efficiency can be misleading because it may improve in situations where pollution increases and/or profit decreases after technological greening. Third, technological greening that induces an improvement of the eco-efficiency indicator does not necessarily lead to a no-regret strategy. As a result, the indicator should not be used for decision making.technological greening, clean technology, eco-efficiency, environmental performance, rebound effect
Technology strategy and innovation: the use of derivative strategies in the aerospace industry
Strategy has become an increasingly important theme within the management of innovation. This is reflected in the increasing amount of attention given to topics such as technology strategy within the innovation literature. However research into technology strategy has tended to focus on technology acquisition rather than technology exploitation. This paper focuses on one often neglected way in which companies can exploit the technological resources at their disposal, namely through the use of a derivative strategy where new technology is combined with old products or parts of old products in order to develop new products. The paper explores this type of strategy by means of a case study from the commercial jet engine sector of the aerospace industry. The case study provides an opportunity not only to explore the nature of derivative strategies in detail it also highlights the benefits, both direct and indirect, to be gained from this type of strategy as a means of exploiting an organisation's technological resources. The paper shows how a derivative strategy can contribute to the broader strategic goals of companies in technology based industries through strategies designed to ensure the most effective utilisation of the technology base
High technology in developing countries: Analysis of technology strategy, technology transfer, and success factors in the aircraft industry
Economical development is highly related to technological development. It is\ud
therefore not surprising that many of the industrially developing nations follow explicit strategies to increase their technological competence level. Industrially developing countries may even pursue a strategy of developing high technology competencies. This paper analysis the strategies of some developing countries in a particular high technology industry: the aircraft manufacturing industry. The focus is on Brazil, China, Indonesia and Romania. The approach that each of these countries has followed towards developing an indigenous aircraft manufacturing industry is described. Next, the current status of these national industries is analysed. It is concluded that industrially developing countries are stuck in a very difficult situation. It is extremely challenging for industrially developing countries to develop a competitive position in this high technology and global industry. The analysis shows that it is questionable whether technology transfer is effective. As a consequence it may not be a good strategy for industrially developing countries to follow a leapfrogging technology strategy. Instead a more incremental approach towards technological development may be more appropriate
Inter-Firm Co-Operative Strategies In The Context Of Discontinuous Technological Change. The Case Of The Uk Optical Communications Systems Industry
At times of discontinuous technological change co-operation representsa viable strategy for both incumbents and new-entrants, provided thatthe choice of co-operation is consistent with the firm's businessstrategy (market-pull vs. technology-push) and with its degree oforganizational and technological flexibility. Evidence from the UKfibre-optics industry identifies two ideal-types of co-operation,namely structured co-operation - associated with market-pullstrategies and lower levels of flexibility - and unstructuredco-operation - associated with technology-push strategies and higherlevels of flexibility.co-operative strategy;incumbents;inter-firm relationships;new-entrants;technological discontinuity
The integration approach: Integrating technology strategy with business strategy in the airline industry
Technology has emerged as a key component in solving complex strategic issues. Much of the relevant literature recognises technology as the driving force behind the fast rate of change in many markets. Consequently, organisations are becoming increasingly dependent on advanced technology to improve their performance. At the same time organisations need to be extremely flexible in order to meet the demands of customers quickly, accurately and cost-effectively. To benefit from the potential of technology in highly dynamic environments, there is a need to integrate technology strategy with business strategy. This research explores the integration between technology strategy and business strategy in the airline industry.
The literature on technology, technology strategy, corporate strategy, business strategy, competitive advantage and the integration of technology strategy with business strategy is critically evaluated and shortcomings of the literature are identified. The literature review was evaluated and identifies gaps and possible future directions. This indicated a need for a systematic way of linking technology and business strategies. Thus an Integration Model is proposed consisting of three stages involving business strategy, competitive strategy and technology strategy. The literature review and the Integration Model identified the importance of technology assessment in formulating a technology strategy and the need for a supportive tool to aid this process
A strategy for the design of skyrmion racetrack memories
Magnetic storage based on racetrack memory is very promising for the design
of ultra-dense, low-cost and low-power storage technology. Information can be
coded in a magnetic region between two domain walls or, as predicted recently,
in topological magnetic objects known as skyrmions. Here, we show the
technological advantages and limitations of using Bloch and Neel skyrmions
manipulated by spin current generated within the ferromagnet or via the
spin-Hall effect arising from a non-magnetic heavy metal underlayer. We found
that the Neel skyrmion moved by the spin-Hall effect is a very promising
strategy for technological implementation of the next generation of skyrmion
racetrack memories (zero field, high thermal stability, and ultra-dense
storage). We employed micromagnetics reinforced with an analytical formulation
of skyrmion dynamics that we developed from the Thiele equation. We identified
that the excitation, at high currents, of a breathing mode of the skyrmion
limits the maximal velocity of the memory
Strategy in Generative Planning of Turning Processes
This paper reports on the process and operations planning system ROUND and the strategies which underlie the decision making processes in the planning of turning operations. At first, an outline is given about the environment for which generative systems like ROUND are being developed. The differences between high volume production and job shop production, with respect to flexibility and productivity, are designated. The impact of automation on job shop production and its consequences for process and operations planning are discussed. In small batch manufacturing systems, relatively large amounts of process planning data have to be processed, which leads to an increasing interest for sophisticated computer aided process planning tools. Because available NC part programming systems usually do not support the generation of reliable and economic technological data, it is necessary to develop generative process and operation planning systems. Due to the relative complexity of the technological models, generative systems use a lot of computing power. Reduction of possible variants, combined with model refinement are techniques which are used in ROUND, in order to avoid excessive iteration. This is illustrated by the explanation of strategies which are implemented in two newly developed modules: The clamping module RNDFIX and the module for selection of tools for the roughing operation RNDRTL
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