Liberal Arts Micro-Credential: Teaching a Police Officer Reflection, Empathy, and Self-Awareness; Going Beyond Training a Police Officer to Act and React

The current precarious relationship between law enforcement and some marginalized minority communities throughout the United States is quite alarming. The Los Angeles riots of 1992, the Baltimore riots of 2015, and the nationwide riots of 2020 serve as a few relatively recent reminders regarding the potentially explosive relationship between marginalized minority communities and the police. Several social and economic factors contribute to the unrest in some marginalized minority communities, such as unemployment and poorly funded educational systems in many areas in the United States. However, in this study, an emphasis was placed on what measures law enforcement agencies can take to establish respectful and productive relationships with marginalized minority communities. Consequently, this study examined the relationship between complaints against the police and a predominantly minority populated police district. This research examined data in the city of Chicago. This study utilized a quantitative non-experimental correlational research design. This study measured a statistical pattern between increasing complaints against the police and predominantly minority populated police districts. The findings of this study disclosed some intriguing results. It seems there is a strong positive correlation between predominantly minority populated police districts and citizen complaints against the police. Subsequently, this study put forth a solution to mend strained relationships with some marginalized minority communities. Specifically, a liberal arts micro-credential can be a solution. A liberal arts micro-credential can provide officers with the needed tools such as enhanced ethics, morals, compassion, and understanding to properly engage with marginalized minority communities. Such a short-term program can cultivate a more ethical and culturally aware attitude among police officers. Subsequently, police officers are better equipped to empathize with marginalized minority communities and foster a healthy relationship

Police perceptions of their encounters with the mentally ill in the community

This thesis aims to provide an examination of the police experience of mental illness. The thesis highlights several of the dilemmas of the police, the perception of their roles and the methods used by the officers to deal with the mentally ill in the community. The police have consistently faced social problems in the community, including mental illness. There have been many changes and reforms of mental health policy over the past twenty years. This includes the introduction of community care policy. It has been acknowledged that these changes have impacted on the police and numbers of mentally ill being dealt with by the police. This thesis involves an examination of previous research into the police and the mentally ill, the policy and social context of this involvement, including an examination ofpeliinent mental health policy, and the practice of the police when facing a complex social problem. Operational officers from two police stations were interviewed to gain insight into their perceptions of the mentally ill. Senior, managerial officers also participated to provide an overview of the policies of several forces. Various issues were raised concerning the involvement of the police with the mentally ill. These included the dilemma of dealing with a vulnerable group in a climate where risk is at the forefront. The police adopt various methods for managing the mentally ill. The overwhelming approach, however, continued to involve the use of police discretion. The pragmatic use of discretion appeared to be the most useful mechanism, regardless of the policy and procedure of their specific forces

Doing policing : an inquiry into the rhetorical and argumentative skills of the police

This thesis examines the spoken and written discourse of uniformed British police officers. Utilising a rhetorical and discursive analysis, the study considers firstly how officers use their considerable powers of discretion to deal informally with crime and criminal incidents. Focusing on a form of discretion that the police refer to as cuffing, two specific discursive practices were identified as being used by police to informally resolve crime: these were the giving of suitable advice and the that's civil device. The second part of the study was concerned with the formal prosecution process and how officers construct prosecution case files. Specifically, how they reformulate and precis evidence in 'domestic' violence cases to assist a Crown prosecutor in making a charging decision. In this normally confidential and non-public discourse, officers rely upon a very narrow range of linguistic devices and speech genres; these are combined with an equally limited array of gendered stereotypes and legal myths, with the result that prosecution cases can be 'subverted' (Sacks 1995) and thus discontinued. In both studies, the doing of policing was consistent with two occupational ideologies that are influential within police operational subcultures: the ideology of pragmatism and the ideology of self-preservation. The findings raise concerns about some of the working practices of the police.Economic Science and Research Counci

Volume 7, Issue 1 (Fall 1970)

TABLE OF CONTENTS Articles Legal Dilemmas in Exercising Misdemeanor Jurisdiction by Judge Daniel Duke Corrections and Reform by Governor Lester Maddox Corrections and Reform: A Second Look by Gail McKenzie Teachers Go To Prison by Roy Kendall Elimination and Prevention of Organized Crime in Georgia by Nicholas Ordway Some Thoughts on Juvenile Care by Michael Cohen A Conversation With Dean Rusk by Staff 1970 Faculty Self-Study Departments Statement of Purpose Dean\u27s Corner: The Essential Ingredient Law School News Alumni Notes by Don Wetherington Devil\u27s Advocate: Byron by Anthony Trauring Editorial Opinion: There Ought To Be A La

Police Deviancy: An Exploration of Issues and Ideas Moving Forward

The purpose of this study was to examine one of history’s most horrific offenses carried out by police. This being their participation in the Holocaust. By examining previous research in the field, it was determined the factors that led to their participation still exist in policing today. Factors such as implicit bias and police deviancy along with the absence of ethics-based police training are all contributing factors. An examination was conducted in regard to the existence of the “us versus them mentality” that police possess in order to understand factors that cause it. The research also acknowledges the existence of the “code of silence” used to protect officer’s deviancy and ethical violations from being exposed. The research was conducted because of current events and the necessity of understanding the complicated culture that exists in policing. Now more than ever, law enforcement departments throughout the United States should be focused on building legitimacy and public trust. The research found that a clear emphasis to accomplish this should be a focus on the positive mentoring of new recruits and continual ethics training throughout an officer’s entire career. Keywords: Police Ethics, Code of Silence, Us versus Them, Ethics Based Police Training, Police, Holocaust, Police Deviancy

A Study of the Relationship Between Police Stress and Moral Reasoning, Coping Mechanisms, and Selected Demographic Variables

Problem. Past research provides information on stress and its relationship to the law enforcement officer\u27s coping mechanisms. However, there is no research on how the element of moral reasoning relates within the conceptual framework of Police stress and coping. This present study investigated the relationship between police stress and moral reasoning, coping mechanisms, and selected demographic variables among police officers. Method. The subjects for this study were 71 full-time certified law enforcement officers in Berrien, Cass, and Van Buren counties of Michigan. A brief demographic questionnaire was utilized, followed by the Police Stress Survey (PSS), the Defining Issues Test (DIT), and the Coping Response inventory (CRI). Pearson r , Spearman Rho, and ANOVA with post hoc tests analyses were used to analyze the relationship of police stress to moral reasoning, coping mechanisms, age, years of law enforcement experience, years of education, religious affiliation, frequency of church attendance, and community environment in which the officer serves. Results. The present study found that 88% of police subjects considered police stress (administrative/organizational pressure and physical/psychological threats) moderately stressful. The present study also found no significant correlation between police stress and moral reasoning, coping, mechanisms (problem-focused and emotion-focused coping), age, years of law enforcement experience, years of education, religious affiliation, frequency of church attendance, and the community environment in which the officer serves. Conclusions. According to this study, it appears that police stress may not be associated with postconventional thinking, coping mechanisms, age, years of law enforcement experience, years of education, religious affiliation, frequency of church attendance, and type of environment in which the officer serves for law enforcement officers within the Tri-County area. More empirical research is needed to clarify the relationship between police stress, moral reasoning, and coping

Veteran police officers field training supervisors in ethics and integrity

This project developed a course that could be used by any police agency under the training umbrella of the California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (P.O.S.T.). Specifically, the project was developed to be used by the San Bernardino Sheriff\u27s Department and San Bernardino Valley College working with veteran police officers, police training officers, and police supervisors. The course included information from Josephson\u27s Six Pillars of Character, Vicchio\u27s Five Personality Types Lacking Integrity, and an ethical dilemma exercise

Position of Police Sciences within the System of Sciences

In recent years, the Republic of Macedonia and its surrounding countries increasingly follow the contemporary trends in policing. The expert public faces the dilemmas associated with the need for allocation of Police Science as a separate area within the social sciences. However, the problem of separation of Police Science and finding an appropriate place for them within the security sciences opens many controversies among experts dealing with the police in Europe and North America. Police experts from the U.S. since the Second World War began actively to think about this challenge. They found a solution that proved that the main characteristic of Police Science is their applicative feature. Centres for police training brought the police skill in academic environment that make it science. Clumsily of academic police environment in Europe in term to find an answer to questions related to the definition and classification of Police Science resulted with the creation of the Final report of Project Group on a European Approach to Police Science in April 2007. This paper explains the affiliation of Police Science with application of qualitative method. It is used to conveniently explain the differences between Police Science and policing. Also, it makes an analysis between European and North American approach to the dilemmas of introducing and defining Police Science. For this purpose, it uses historical and comparative methods. The paper should contribute to the development of Police Science in Europe and beyond, in terms of participation of the Macedonian academic community into the issues of this area. Keywords: police, crime, dilemmas, science and security

Criminal intent or cognitive dissonance: how does student self plagiarism fit into academic integrity?

The discourse of plagiarism is speckled with punitive terms not out of place in a police officer's notes: detection, prevention, misconduct, rules, regulations, conventions, transgression, consequences, deter, trap, etc. This crime and punishment paradigm tends to be the norm in academic settings. The learning and teaching paradigm assumes that students are not filled with criminal intent, but rather are confused by the novel academic culture and its values. The discourse of learning and teaching includes: development, guidance, acknowledge, scholarly practice, communicate, familiarity, culture. Depending on the paradigm adopted, universities, teachers, and students will either focus on policies, punishments, and ways to cheat the system or on program design, assessments, and assimilating the values of academia. Self plagiarism is a pivotal issue that polarises these two paradigms. Viewed from a crime and punishment paradigm, self plagiarism is an intentional act of evading the required workload for a course by re-using previous work. Within a learning and teaching paradigm, self plagiarism is an oxymoron. We would like to explore the differences between these two paradigms by using self plagiarism as a focal point