Cómo la deslocalización ha influido en el impacto del COVID-19 en las empresas españolas de calzado

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused major disruption to the operations of firms in terms of both their supply chains and their demand. This paper studies how the configuration of the supply chains, resulting from previous offshoring and reshoring decisions, has affected the responsiveness and resilience of firms in this situation. The analysis is applied to the Spanish footwear sector and allows us to develop possible future scenarios in which the reconfiguration of value chains and the use of advanced technologies play an essential role. To do this, we use the “scenario planning methodology” combined with analytical models for the offshoring question. We conclude that the reshoring process motivated by the 2008 crisis has been fundamental for strengthening the resilience of firms to the COVID-19 crisis, as has the incorporation of new technologies.La pandemia de COVID-19 ha causado importantes alteraciones en las operaciones de las empresas, tanto en sus cadenas de suministro como en su demanda. En este trabajo se estudia cómo la configuración de las cadenas de suministro, resultado de anteriores decisiones de deslocalización y relocalización, ha afectado a la capacidad de respuesta y resiliencia de las empresas en esta situación. El análisis se aplica al sector español del calzado y nos permite desarrollar posibles escenarios futuros en los que la reconfiguración de las cadenas de valor y el uso de tecnologías avanzadas juegan un papel esencial. Para ello, utilizamos la "metodología de planificación de escenarios" combinada con modelos analíticos para la deslocalización. Concluimos que el proceso de relocalización motivado por la crisis de 2008 ha sido fundamental para reforzar la resiliencia de las empresas ante la crisis COVID-19, al igual que la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías

A shared future:Chemistry's engagement is essential for resilience of people and planet

Strengthening resilience—elasticity or adaptive capacity—is essential in responding to the wide range of natural hazards and anthropogenic changes humanity faces. Chemistry's roles in resilience are explored for the first time, with its technical capacities set in the wider contexts of cross-disciplinary working and the intersecting worlds of science, society and policy. The roles are framed by chemistry's contributions to the sustainability of people and planet, examined via the human security framework's four material aspects of food, health, economic and environmental security. As the science of transformation of matter, chemistry is deeply involved in these material aspects and in their interfacing with human security's three societal and governance aspects of personal, community and political security. Ultimately, strengthening resilience requires making choices about the present use of resources as a hedge against future hazards and adverse events, with these choices being co-determined by technical capacities and social and political will. It is argued that, to intensify its contributions to resilience, chemistry needs to take action along at least three major lines: (i) taking an integrative approach to the field of ‘chemistry and resilience’; (ii) rethinking how the chemical industry operates; and (iii) engaging more with society and policy-makers

Lessons learned from field experiences on hospitals’ resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic : a systematic approach

In this concluding article of the special issue, we examine lessons learned from hospitals’ resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, Canada, France, Japan, and Mali. A quality lesson learned (QLL) results from a systematic process of collecting, compiling, and analyzing data derived ideally from sustained effort over the life of a research project and reflecting both positive and negative experiences. To produce QLLs as part of this research project, a guide to their development was drafted. The systematic approach we adopted to formulate quality lessons, while certainly complex, took into account the challenges faced by the different stakeholders involved in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we present a comparative analysis of the lessons learned by hospitals and their staff with regard to four common themes that were the subject of empirical analyses: 1) infrastructure reorganization; 2) human resources management; 3) prevention and control of infection risk; and 4) logistics and supply. The lessons learned from the resilience of the hospitals included in this research indicate several factors to consider in preparing for a health crisis: 1) strengthening the coordination and leadership capacities of hospital managers and health authorities; 2) improving communication strategies; 3) strengthening organizational capacity; and 4) adapting resources and strategies, including for procurement and infection risk management

Setting research priorities for global pandemic preparedness: An international consensus and comparison with ChatGPT’s output

Background In this priority-setting exercise, we sought to identify leading research priorities needed for strengthening future pandemic preparedness and response across countries. Methods The International Society of Global Health (ISoGH) used the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method to identify research priorities for future pandemic preparedness. Eighty experts in global health, translational and clinical research identified 163 research ideas, of which 42 experts then scored based on five pre-defined criteria. We calculated intermediate criterion-specific scores and overall research priority scores from the mean of individual scores for each research idea. We used a bootstrap (n = 1000) to compute the 95% confidence intervals. Results Key priorities included strengthening health systems, rapid vaccine and treatment production, improving international cooperation, and enhancing surveillance efficiency. Other priorities included learning from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, managing supply chains, identifying planning gaps, and promoting equitable interventions. We compared this CHNRI-based outcome with the 14 research priorities generated and ranked by ChatGPT, encountering both striking similarities and clear differences. Conclusions Priority setting processes based on human crowdsourcing – such as the CHNRI method – and the output provided by ChatGPT are both valuable, as they complement and strengthen each other. The priorities identified by ChatGPT were more grounded in theory, while those identified by CHNRI were guided by recent practical experiences. Addressing these priorities, along with improvements in health planning, equitable community-based interventions, and the capacity of primary health care, is vital for better pandemic preparedness and response in many settings

A management perspective on resilience in healthcare: a framework and avenues for future research

Recent major health shocks, such as the 2014-16 Ebola, the Zika outbreak, and, last but not least, the COVID-19 pandemic, have strongly contributed to drawing attention to the issue of resilience in the healthcare domain. Nevertheless, the scientific literature appears fragmented, creating difficulties in developing incremental research in this relevant managerial field.To fill this gap, this systematic literature review aims to provide a clear state of the art of the literature dealing with resilience in healthcare. Specifically, from the analysis of the theoretical articles and reviews, the key dimensions of resilience are identified, and a novel classification framework is proposed. The classification framework is then used to systematize extant empirical contributions. Two main dimensions of resilience are identified: the approach to resilience (reactive vs. proactive) and the type of crisis to deal with (acute shocks vs. chronic stressors). Four main streams of research are thus identified: (i) proactive approaches to acute shocks; (ii) proactive approaches to chronic stressors; (iii) reactive approaches to acute shocks; and (iv) reactive approaches to chronic stressors. These are scrutinised considering three additional dimensions: the level of analysis, the resources to nurture resilience, and the country context. The classification framework and the associated mapping contribute to systematising the fragmented literature on resilience in healthcare, providing a clear picture of the state of the art in this field and drawing a research agenda that opens interesting paths for future research

Alliances and digital transformation are crucial for benefiting from dynamic supply chain capabilities during times of crisis: A multi-method study

During times of crisis, businesses need strategic partnerships and digital transformation to survive. Understanding how digital transformation and alliance management capability can work together to enhance supply chain capabilities during a crisis is important. We have developed a theoretical framework that explains how the alliance management capability, under the mediating influence of digital transformation, helps build supply chain capabilities for unprecedented crises. This framework highlights key enablers such as alliance management capability, digital transformation, supply chain agility, and supply chain adaptability that are essential for organisational performance. We tested our theoretical model using a survey of 157 individuals working in the manufacturing industry in India. Our findings suggest that combining alliance management capability and digital transformation enhances supply chain capabilities, which improves an organisation\u27s ability to respond to crises. Moreover, digital transformation, supply chain agility, and adaptability are critical determinants of organisational performance during crises. Therefore, companies that use digital technologies to increase their agility and adaptability are more likely to perform well during times of crisis. To collect qualitative data, we interviewed key participants (n=27) and identified four key enablers for a digital transformation strategy for supply chains: coordination, digital leadership, digital culture, and digital talent management. Our study offers a detailed understanding of the dynamic capability view in digital transformation, highlighting key drivers for competitive advantage

Ten pressure points in primary care during COVID-19: findings from an international narrative review

Background: Strong primary care (PC) services are the foundation of high-performing health care systems and can support effective responses to public health emergencies. Primary care practitioners (PCPs) and PC services played crucial roles in supporting global health system responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these contributions have come at a cost, impacting on PC services and affecting patient care. This secondary analysis of data from an integrative systematic review across international PC settings aimed to identify and describe burdens and challenges experienced by PCPs and PC services in the context of their contributions to COVID-19 pandemic responses. Methods: We conducted an integrative systematic review and narrative analysis, searching PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Proquest Central and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, plus reference lists of key publications. Included studies were published in peer-reviewed English or Chinese language journals, and described collective responses to COVID-19 undertaken in PC settings or by PCPs. Narrative data regarding impacts on PC services and challenges experienced by PCPs were extracted and analysed using inductive coding and thematic analysis. Results: From 1745 screened papers 108, representing 90 countries, were included. Seventy-eight contained data on negative impacts, challenges or issues encountered in PC. Ten ‘pressure points’ affecting PC during COVID-19 were identified, clustered in four themes: demand to adopt new ways of working; pressure to respond to fluctuating community needs; strain on PC resources and systems; and ambiguity in interactions with the broader health and social care system. Conclusions: PCPs and PC services made critical functional contributions to health system responsiveness during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, both practitioners and PC settings were individually and collectively impacted during this period as a result of changing demands in the PC environment and the operational burden of additional requirements imposed on the sector, offering lessons for future pandemics. This study articulates ten empirically derived ‘pressure points’ that provide an initial understanding of burdens and demands imposed on the international primary care sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of these contributions should inform future pandemic planning, guided by involvement of PCPs in public health preparedness and policy design

Identificación y análisis de estrategias de resiliencia del sector retail frente a disrupciones en la cadena de suministro

Frente a la creciente problemática sobre disrupciones que afectan a la cadena de suministro de empresas alrededor del mundo, el presente artículo busca brindar un aporte teórico basado en la recopilación de las principales estrategias que permiten a las empresas ser resilientes en sus cadenas de suministro, y de los conceptos que ello conlleva. Además, se realizó una revisión profunda de la literatura de la clasificación de los conceptos relevantes encontrados y la validación y discusión de la mano de expertos de un sector poco abarcado previamente: el retail en el Perú. Además, se identificaron las principales estrategias de resiliencia en diferentes cadenas de suministros a nivel global que podrían aplicarse al sector anteriormente mencionado. A estas se las agrupó en dieciséis macro estrategias propuestas, frente a ocho grandes disrupciones, y se aplicaron en tres fases de resiliencia (preparación, respuesta y recuperación). Se espera que los resultados sirvan de guía para pequeñas, medianas o grandes empresas frente a futuros acontecimientos locales o globales que puedan afectar su cadena de suministro.Faced with the growing problem of disruptions affecting the supply chains of companies around the world, this article seeks to provide a theorical contribution based on the compilation of the main strategies that allow companies to be resilient in their supply chains, and the concepts they entail. A thorough literature review, classification of the relevant concepts found, and validation and discussion by experts in a sector that has not been previously covered, which is retail in Peru, were carried out. The main resilience strategies in different global supply chains that could be applied on the retail sector were identified, grouping them into 16 proposed macro strategies, facing 8 major disruptions and applicable in 3 phases of resilience (preparedness, response and recovery). The results are expected to serve as a guide for small, medium or large companies in the face of future local or global events that may affect their supply chain

Unlocking the power duo: Exploring the interplay of supply chain sustainability and resilience through a composite indicator

Supply chain sustainability and resilience have gained the interest of academic and industrial communities, and increasingly represent top priorities in organizations’ agendas. This article aims to measure the key dimensions driving sustainability and resilience in supply chains and their interrelationships. We propose a new composite indicator for their joint assessment through the application of a robust composite indicator development framework, and the integration of secondary data with primary data gathered from a survey in the Italian industry. Results show no evidence of a trade-off between supply chain sustainability and resilience and instead highlight a potentially important cross-fertilization from sustainability to resilience through supply chain collaboration when these transcend the internal boundaries of the firm. This is a significant contribution to the existing debate in the literature on the relationship between sustainability and resilience in the supply chain, thanks to the development of an integrative composite indicator and a quantitative approach to the explanation of this relationship. By fostering a deeper understanding of supply chain sustainability and resilience, this investigation informs decision-makers on potential avenues to concurrently build and sustain their firms’ supply chain sustainability and resilience