Numerical modeling of strain rate hardening effects on viscoplastic behavior of metallic materials

The main goal of the present work is to provide a finite strain elasticviscoplastic framework to numerically account for strain, strain rate hardening, and viscous effects in cold deformation of metallic materials. The aim is to provide a simple and robust numerical framework capable of modeling the main macroscopic behavior associated with high strain rate plastic deformation of metals. In order to account for strain rate hardening effects at finite strains, the hardening rule involves a rate dependent saturation hardening, and it accounts for linear hardening prevailing at latter deformation stages. The numerical formulation, finite element implementation, and constitutive modeling capabilities are assessed by means of decremental strain rate testing and constant strain rate loading followed by stress relaxation. The numerical results have demonstrated the overall framework can be an efficient numerical tool for simulation of plastic deformation processes where strain rate history effects have to be accounted for

Modelling of Dynamic Strain Aging with a Dislocation-Based Isotropic Hardening Model and Investigation of Orthogonal Loading

Based on experimental results, a dislocation material model describing the dynamic strain aging\ud effect at different temperatures is presented. One and two stage loading tests were performed in\ud order to investigate the influence of the loading direction as well as the temperature influence due\ud to the hardening mechanism. Bergström’s theory of work hardening was used as a basis for the\ud model development regarding the thermal isotropic behavior as well as the Chaboche model to\ud describe the kinematic hardening. Both models were implemented in an in-house FE-Code in\ud order to simulate the real processes. The present paper discusses two hardening mechanisms,\ud where the first part deals with the pure isotropic hardening including dynamic strain aging and the\ud second part involves the influence of the loading direction regarding combined (isotropic and\ud kinematic) hardening behavior

Yielding and hardening of flexible fiber packings during triaxial compression

This paper examines the mechanical response of flexible fiber packings subject to triaxial compression. Short fibers yield in a manner similar to typical granular materials in which the deviatoric stress remains nearly constant with increasing strain after reaching a peak value. Interestingly, long fibers exhibit a hardening behavior, where the stress increases rapidly with increasing strain at large strains and the packing density continuously increases. Phase diagrams for classifying the bulk mechanical response as yielding, hardening, or a transition regime are generated as a function of the fiber aspect ratio, fiber-fiber friction coefficient, and confining pressure. Large fiber aspect ratio, large fiber-fiber friction coefficient, and large confining pressure promote hardening behavior. The hardening packings can support much larger loads than the yielding packings contributing to the stability and consolidation of the granular structure, but larger internal axial forces occur within fibers.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

COMPARASION PLASTIC BEHAVIOR OF BOX GRIDER BRIDGE WITH MULTIPLE BOX AND CELLULAR BOX CROSS SECTIONS

This study compares plastic deformation behavior in box girder bridges with multiple boxes and cellular box cross-sections. The cross-section's shape significantly influences the girder's post-yield behavior despite being designed to have the exact yield moment. Steel's stress-strain relationship undergoes linear behavior until the yield stress is reached, followed by strain hardening. This study aims to assess the impact of strain hardening on the plastic behavior of girder box bridges.Two types of box girder sections, multiple box and cellular box, are designed with equivalent yield moments. The analysis is conducted with and without strain hardening calculations to evaluate plastic moment, inelastic area length, shape factor, and moment-curvature relationship. The design and analysis follow RSNI T-03-2005 standards using SAP 2000 v.15.Results indicate that multiple box sections exhibit more prominent plastic moments and inelastic area lengths than cellular box sections. Strain hardening calculations show significant increases in plastic moments for both section types. Graphical comparisons highlight the differences in moment-curvature relationships between models with and without strain hardening. Understanding the impact of strain hardening on plastic behavior provides valuable insights for designing and assessing box girder bridges, ensuring structural safety and performance under load conditions

A Multiscale Approach for Modeling Crystalline Solids

In this paper we present a modeling approach to bridge the atomistic with macroscopic scales in crystalline materials. The methodology combines identification and modeling of the controlling unit processes at microscopic level with the direct atomistic determination of fundamental material properties. These properties are computed using a many body Force Field derived from ab initio quantum-mechanical calculations. This approach is exercised to describe the mechanical response of high-purity Tantalum single crystals, including the effect of temperature and strain-rate on the hardening rate. The resulting atomistically informed model is found to capture salient features of the behavior of these crystals such as: the dependence of the initial yield point on temperature and strain rate; the presence of a marked stage I of easy glide, specially at low temperatures and high strain rates; the sharp onset of stage II hardening and its tendency to shift towards lower strains, and eventually disappear, as the temperature increases or the strain rate decreases; the parabolic stage II hardening at low strain rates or high temperatures; the stage II softening at high strain rates or low temperatures; the trend towards saturation at high strains; the temperature and strain-rate dependence of the saturation stress; and the orientation dependence of the hardening rate.Comment: 25 pages, 15 figures, LaTe

Plastic instability in complex strain paths predicted by advanced constitutive equations

The present paper aims at predicting plastic instabilities under complex loading histories using an advanced sheet metal forming limit model. The onset of localized necking is computed using the Marciniak-Kuczinslcy (MK) analysis [I] with a physically-based hardening model and the phenomenological anisotropic yield criterion Yld2000-2d [2]. The hardening model accounts for anisotropic work-hardening induced by the microstructural evolution at large strains, which was proposed by Teodosiu and Hu [3]. Simulations are carried out for linear and complex strain paths. Experimentally, two deep-drawing quality sheet metals are selected: a bake-hardening steel (BH) and a DC06 steel sheet. The validity of the model is assessed by comparing the predicted and experimental forming limits. The remarkable accuracy of the developed software to predict the forming limits under linear and non-linear strain path is obviously due to the performance of the advanced constitutive equations to describe with great detail the material behavior. The effect of strain-induced anisotropy on formability evolution under strain path changes, as predicted by the microstructural hardening model, is particularly well captured by the model.open1134Nsciescopu

A Micromechanical Model of Hardening, Rate Sensitivity and Thermal Softening in BCC Single Crystals

The present paper is concerned with the development of a micromechanical model of the hardening, rate-sensitivity and thermal softening of bcc crystals. In formulating the model we specifically consider the following unit processes: double-kink formation and thermally activated motion of kinks; the close-range interactions between primary and forest dislocations, leading to the formation of jogs; the percolation motion of dislocations through a random array of forest dislocations introducing short-range obstacles of different strengths; dislocation multiplication due to breeding by double cross-slip; and dislocation pair annihilation. The model is found to capture salient features of the behavior of Ta crystals such as: the dependence of the initial yield point on temperature and strain rate; the presence of a marked stage I of easy glide, specially at low temperatures and high strain rates; the sharp onset of stage II hardening and its tendency to shift towards lower strains, and eventually disappear, as the temperature increases or the strain rate decreases; the parabolic stage II hardening at low strain rates or high temperatures; the stage II softening at high strain rates or low temperatures; the trend towards saturation at high strains; the temperature and strain-rate dependence of the saturation stress; and the orientation dependence of the hardening rate.Comment: 27 pages (LaTeX) and 15 Figures (jpg

Nonlinear behavior of shells of revolution under cyclic loading

A large deflection elastic-plastic analysis is presented, applicable to orthotropic axisymmetric plates and shells of revolution subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading conditions. The analysis is based on the finite-element method. It employs a new higher order, fully compatible, doubly curved orthotropic shell-of-revolution element using cubic Hermitian expansions for both meridional and normal displacements. Both perfectly plastic and strain hardening behavior are considered. Strain hardening is incorporated through use of the Prager-Ziegler kinematic hardening theory, which predicts an ideal Bauschinger effect. Numerous sample problems involving monotonic and cyclic loading conditions are analyzed. The monotonic results are compared with other theoretical solutions