Self-Defense, Defense of Others, and the State

With the wide spread of wireless technology, the time for 4G has arrived, and 5G will appear not so far in the future. However, no matter whether it is 4G or 5G, low latency is a mandatory requirement for baseband processing at base stations for modern cellular standards. In particular, in a future 5G wireless system, with massive MIMO and ultra-dense cells, the demand for low round trip latency between the mobile device and the base station requires a baseband processing delay of 1 ms. This is 10 percentage of today’s LTE-A round trip latency, while at the same time massive MIMO requires large-scale matrix computations. This is especially true for channel estimation and MIMO detection at the base station. Therefore, it is essential to ensure low latency for the user data traffic. In this master’s thesis, LTE/LTE-A uplink physical layer processing is examined, especially the process of channel estimation and MIMO detection. In order to analyze this processing we compare two conventional algorithms’ performance and complexity for channel estimation and MIMO detection. The key aspect which affects the algorithms’ speed is identified as the need for “massive complex matrix inversion”. A parallel coding scheme is proposed to implement a matrix inversion kernel algorithm on a single instruction multiple data stream (SIMD) vector processor. The major contribution of this thesis is implementation and evaluation of a parallel massive complex matrix inversion algorithm. Two aspects have been addressed: the selection of the algorithm to perform this matrix computation and the implementation of a highly parallel version of this algorithm.Med den breda spridningen av trådlös teknik, har tiden för 4G kommit, och 5G kommer inom en överskådlig framtid. Men oavsett om det gäller 4G eller 5G, låg latens är ett obligatoriskt krav för basbandsbehandling vid basstationer för moderna mobila standarder. I synnerhet i ett framtida trådlöst 5G-system, med massiva MIMO och ultratäta celler, behövs en basbandsbehandling fördröjning på 1 ms för att klara efterfrågan på en låg rundresa latens mellan den mobila enheten och basstationen. Detta är 10 procent av dagens LTE-E rundresa latens, medan massiva MIMO samtidigt kräver storskaliga matrisberäkningar. Detta är särskilt viktigt för kanaluppskattning och MIMO-detektion vid basstationen. Därför är det viktigt att se till att det är låg latens för användardatatrafik. I detta examensarbete, skall LTE/LTE-A upplänk fysiska lagret bearbetning undersökas, och då särskilt processen för kanaluppskattning och MIMO-detektion. För att analysera denna processing jämför vi två konventionella algoritmers prestationer och komplexitet för kanaluppskattning och MIMO-detektion. Den viktigaste aspekten som påverkar algoritmernas hastighet identifieras som behovet av "massiva komplex matrisinversion". Ett parallellt kodningsschema föreslås för att implementera en "matrisinversion kernel-algoritmen" på singelinstruktion multidataström (SIMD) vektorprocessor. Det största bidraget med denna avhandling är genomförande och utvärdering av en parallell massiva komplex matrisinversion kernel-algoritmen. Två aspekter har tagits upp: valet av algoritm för att utföra denna matrisberäkning och implementationen av en högst parallell version av denna algoritm

Defense Spending by State - Nevada Fiscal Year 2017

This Fact Sheet reprints two pages from the March 2019 DEFENSE SPENDING BY STATE (FISCAL YEAR 2017) publication issued by the United States Department of Defense: Office of Economic Adjustment for the purposes of relaying information related to defense spending in the State of Nevada.1 The original report presents data from fiscal year 2017, the most recent annual data available at the time of publication

The NLRA Defamation Defense: Doomed Dinosaur or Diamond in the Rough

[Excerpt] This Article explores an underappreciated and promising NLRA protection of collective activity. It elaborates the NLRA’s role as a defense in state defamation cases. Specifically, this Article explains how the “NLRA defamation defense” frees defendants from some forms of defamation liability when the allegedly defamatory statements are made during labor disputes. The defense has no effect on defamation liability in what this Article refers to as “more egregious” state defamation law cases. However, the defense forecloses liability in “less egregious” state defamation law cases. It makes it harder for defamation plaintiffs to win their cases because it requires them to satisfy a heightened standard of proof. In this way, the NLRA defamation defense limits the ability of defamation lawsuits to serve as “a powerful weapon for shutting up those with whom [one] disagree[s]” in the labor context. In other words, it reduces the likelihood that state defamation law will chill the free flow of speech and collective activity with the threat of monetary awards, sometimes in the millions of dollars. While all parties to labor disputes who face defamation claims can take advantage of the NLRA defamation defense, this Article focuses on the use of the defense by employees and both traditional and non-traditional worker organizations to highlight an important aspect of the NLRA’s protection of collective activity

Report of South Dakota State Council of Defense: 1917-1919

As written history of the wars of the world cannot make mention of the countless heroes, who, unknown to the general public, gave their all, even life itself, so unrecorded are the names of the majority citizenship of this and other states which gave loyal service, both at home and abroad, in the great war just ended. No detailed account can be given in this report of any of the many campaigns successfully carried out under the direction of the 62 County Councils of Defense. These bodies had no legal status other than that conferred by the State Council, and this parent body gave only general directions as to needed work. We pay tribute to every County Council that has been on duty since May 1917, and through them, to the individuals whose energy and loyalty made it possible for South Dakota to be 100 per cent productive in war time necessities. With few exceptions, all have responded to the call made upon them for service. Some have naturally had more to do than others. Many have taken particular interest in their work. Each Council knows its own degree of enthusiasm and what it has accomplished. Every citizen realizes the full extent of his or her performance of duty. Our State Council, and especially its officers, have a feeling of gratitude and admiration for certain workers, that words cannot express. To the women of our State should full credit be given for the accomplishment of results that men alone would never have obtained. On the food and fuel saving campaigns, it was always the housewife and the children that set the pace for the men to somewhat grudgingly follow. It was these same women who labored zealously at the Red Cross rooms or in their homes in order that hospital and other necessities be plentifully supplied. It was the women who cheered the departing and the home-coming boys with food and relishes. And in every financial drive many a close-fisted man has opened up his . purse strings, owing to the persuasion of the women folks. To the many members of the Home Guard Companies who gave of their time to certain war work, the thanks and appreciation of our State Council are extended. They made for a greater spirit of loyalty within our State; they went on guard -duty in protection of -property; they had a quieting salutary influence upon certain undesirables within our borders and have furnished an added patriotic impulse to many who served in field and camp. The farmers of our State responded to the call for greater food production; the threshermen organized for careful conservation of grain; the field men for insurance companies carefully inspected warehouses and elevators for their safety ; our entire legal fraternity gave freely of time and counsel to every military registrant; our Courts gave special protection as affecting the legal rights of every enlisted man and his dependent family, while the newspape:r:s with unbounded generosity gave space, without any financial reward, to the publicity needed for every patriotic endeavor. And yet, all that was accomplished here was insignificant when compared with the services given by those who were in field and camp, in response to the call to arms. Our great State will ever honor those who offered their lives for a great cause and shall ever cherish the memory of the many who are among the heroic dead. For the soldiers, sailors, and nurses who served, for those who sleep in foreign lands, for the many who suffered in hospital or camp! and are shorn of former strength, was, and is dedicated the sincere efforts of us at home..https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/archives_rare-books/1011/thumbnail.jp

1942 Chairman of Blackouts Certificate

January 24, 1942, Chairman of Blackouts Certificate to Louis-Philippe Gagné from the State of Maine Civilian Defense Council.https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/fac-lpg-awards/1001/thumbnail.jp

State Defense Council

Provides an overview and analysis of the Russian Federation\u27s State Defense Council which was Russia\u27s equivalent to the U.S. National Security Council for a few years after 1996

The Current State of the Insanity Defense in Virginia

Based upon British common law and legal precedents, the American legal system allows individuals with severe mental instability to plead not guilty by reason of insanity when charged with a criminal offense. In order to prove this claim, defendants are required to show that their mental capacity at the time of the crime was not sufficient enough in order to establish culpability and responsibility for their actions. Proving insanity is a difficult task, requiring that defendants confess to the crime, convince a jury of their insanity, and pass two independent psychological evaluations before they can be released. Because of these obstacles, it is rare that the insanity defense is used successfully. In Virginia, the insanity defense has rarely been used effectively, with a few notable exceptions. The insanity defense may be used in a recent high profile case that is currently underway in Virginia courts, with the outcome to have significant consequences for the Virginia legal system. By establishing clear guidelines concerning the insanity defense, the Virginia criminal justice system has created an efficient and accurate approach to correctly judge cases involving the insanity defense