Causes and outcomes of sepsis in southeast Asia: a multinational multicentre cross-sectional study

Background Improved understanding of pathogens that cause sepsis would aid management and antimicrobial selection. In this study, we aimed to identify the causative pathogens of sepsis in southeast Asia. Methods In this multinational multicentre cross-sectional study of community-acquired sepsis and severe sepsis, we prospectively recruited children (age ≥30 days and <18 years) and adults (age ≥18 years) at 13 public hospitals in Indonesia (n=3), Thailand (n=4), and Vietnam (n=6). Hospitalised patients with suspected or documented communityacquired infection, with at least three diagnostic criteria for sepsis according to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign 2012, and within 24 h of admission were enrolled. Blood from every patient, and nasopharyngeal swab, urine, stool, and cerebrospinal fl uid, if indicated, were collected for reference diagnostic tests to identify causative pathogens. We report causative pathogens of sepsis and 28-day mortality. We also estimate mortality associated with enrolment with severe sepsis. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02157259. Findings From Dec 16, 2013, to Dec 14, 2015, 4736 patients were screened and 1578 patients (763 children and 815 adults) were enrolled. Dengue viruses (n=122 [8%]), Leptospira spp (n=95 [6%]), rickettsial pathogens (n=96 [6%]), Escherichia coli (n=76 [5%]), and infl uenza viruses (n=65 [4%]) were commonly identifi ed in both age groups; whereas Plasmodium spp (n=12 [1%]) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (n=3 [0·2%]) were rarely observed. Emerging pathogens identifi ed included hantaviruses (n=28 [2%]), non-typhoidal Salmonella spp (n=21 [1%]), Streptococcus suis (n=18 [1%]), Acinetobacter spp (n=12 [1%]), and Burkholderia pseudomallei (n=5 [<1%]). 28-day mortality occurred in 14 (2%) of 731 children with known statuses and 108 (13%) of 804 adults. Severe sepsis was identifi ed on enrolment in 194 (28%) of 731 children and 546 (68%) of 804 adults, and was associated with increased mortality (adjusted odds ratio 5·3, 95% CI 2·7–10·4; p<0·001). Interpretation Sepsis in southeast Asia is caused by a wide range of known and emerging pathogens, and is associated with substantial mortality

Spring Bulletin 2016

FEATURES • 5 New Directions in New Music among the Islands by Christopher J. Miller • 10 The Structure of Silk: The Institutionalization of Silk and the Role of the Queen Sirikit Department of Sericulture of Surin, Thailand by Alexandra Dalferro • 15 Photo Essay: From Sandstone to Selfie Sticks at Shwe Sandaw: Experiencing Pagan in Seven Steps by Kaja McGowan • 22 Performing Islam in Southeast Asia by Chiara Formichi • 25 From Chance Encounters to Collaborative Exchange: Forming Community at the 2015 Burma/Myanmar Research Forum by Allegra Giovine • 28 A Layered Perspective: Exploring My Identity through Filipino History and Literature by Ethel Roxas • COLUMNS • 32 SEAP Languages: Learning from Community in Thai Classes by Ngampit Jagacinski • 34 SEAP Outreach: Burmese Beyond Cornell: SEAP Brings Burmese Language Instruction to Utica by Aye Min Thant • 35 SEAP Publications • 36 The Echols Collection: Gods and Scholars: Studying Religion at a Secular University by Fredrika Loew • NEWS • 38 On Campus and Beyond • 40 Kahin Center Update: Productive Ghosts at Kahin by Ryan Buyco • 41 Awards • 42 Visiting Fellows • 43 Faculty Listing • 44 New Johnson Museum AcquisitionThe Southeast Asia Program Bulletin is an annual publication covering Cornell faculty research, SEAP outreach activities, and student news, and updates about the Kahin Center

Alternative education or teaching radicalism? New literature on Islamic education in Southeast Asia

This review article focuses on three recent publications on Islamic education in Southeast Asia. While two are monographs on South Thailand and Myanmar/ Burma, one is a collection of essays on Indonesia, Malaysia, South Thailand, Cambodia, and the Southern Philippines. All works highlight local, regional and international educational networks, as well as their connections to the Indian subcontinent and the Middle East. Based chiefly on first-hand fieldwork, the works deliver an up-to-date and detailed picture of current discussions and developments regarding Islamic education in Southeast Asia. Key words Education ; Islam ; Southeast Asia ; Indonesia ; Malaysia ; Thailand ; Myanma

SEATO Stumbles: The Failure of the NATO Model in the Third World

NATO as an alliance has stood the test of time since the early post-war years. Yet similar alliances such as SEATO passed into history long ago. The problem with the NATO model of alliance was its inability to be applied to the Third World. The particular circumstances of Southeast Asia prevented SEATO from becoming a true successor to the NATO alliance system. In addition, the approach of Eisenhower and his administration to Southeast Asia and anti-communist alliances was undermined by their own political needs and personal experiences. Southeast Asia was fit into the mold of the post-war period and the Cold War

Southeast Asia in the Ancient Indian Ocean World; Combining Historical Linguistic and Archaeological Approaches

This PhD dissertation examines the role of insular Southeast Asia in the trans-regional networks of maritime trade that shaped the history of Indian Ocean. The work brings together data and approaches from archaeology, historical linguistics and other disciplines, proposing a reconstruction of cultural and linguistic contact between Southeast Asia and its maritime neighbours to the west in order to advance our historical understanding of this part of the world. Numerous biological, commercial and technical items are examined. The study underlines that the analysis of lexical data is one of the strongest tools to detect and analyse contact between two or more speech communities. It demonstrates how Southeast Asian products and concepts were mainly dispersed by speakers of Malay varieties, although other communities played a role as well. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the study offers new perspectives on the role of insular Southeast Asian agents on cultural dynamism and interethnic contact in the pre-modern Indian Ocean World

Crowded waters: naval competition in the Asia–Pacific

Overview: This report analyses the regional trend of key nations investing in more capable naval and air platforms. In Northeast Asia, countries include China, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. In Southeast Asia, the paper looks at Indonesia, Singapore, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Thailand. This analysis is used to determine potential implications for Australia’s strategic position in the region and for the ADF. Australia’s future force structure decisions have to account in particular for a changing military balance in Southeast Asia

The development of ASEAN from historical approach

Since ASEAN was established in 8 August 1967, ASEAN organization was only joined by five countries.Now ASEAN has become a successful regional organization in bringing the attention of the other countries in rest of the world. Generally, ASEAN has successfully nurtures the cooperation in political, economical, social and cultural with establishment in exercise and research facilities for shared interest.Nowadays, ASEAN roles and influence has strong base in Southeast Asia and South Asia regions.ASEAN has taken place as important body in Asia Pacific political stream through Asian Regional Forum (ARF), where it is successful to create attention of various countries not only in Asia region but also United States of America and Europe involvement.Nevertheless, beside the successful story and prosperity achieved by ASEAN at this moment it has uniqueness when it has to face challenges at the early stage of ASEAN establishment. This journal will touch on history and ASEAN life story and explain What and How ASEAN able to strengthen its role and existence at the time Southeast Asia countries need an organization with the ability to unite all the countries in Southeast Asia region

[Book review] "The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy by the World Bank"

East Asia, Southeast Asia, Economic policy, Economic conditions, Economic growth

Governance in Southeast Asia: Issues and Options

This paper attempts to analyze governance systems in Southeast Asia and proposes some policy suggestions that can improve governance practices in the region. To put the discussion on governance systems in a proper context, the paper discusses the governance and growth nexus in Southeast Asia; describes the operating governance systems in Southeast Asia; analyzes economic governance, more specifically in the areas of economic management and growth, revenue generation, social spending, access to services, cost of doing business, and corporate governance; and examines political governance focusing on the rule of law and judicial independence, conflict management, and voice participation.governance, development program, corruption

Governance in Southeast Asia: Issues and Options

This paper attempts to analyze governance systems in Southeast Asia and proposes some policy suggestions that can improve governance practices in the region. To put the discussion on governance systems in a proper context, the paper discusses the governance and growth nexus in Southeast Asia; describes the operating governance systems in Southeast Asia; analyzes economic governance, more specifically in the areas of economic management and growth, revenue generation, social spending, access to services, cost of doing business, and corporate governance; and examines political governance focusing on the rule of law and judicial independence, conflict management, and voice participation.governance, development program, corruption