A COMPARISON OF THE ENFORCEMENT OF CEDAW AND CRC IN MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA

Abstract: All ASEAN member States have ratified and acceded the Convention on the Elimination of AllForms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC).As parties of both conventions, Malaysia and Indonesia should enforce specific mechanism and rules inline with CEDAW and CRC norms and standards. Yet, both countries ask reservation for severalsubstantive and procedural matters on both conventions. This certainly restricts the enforcement on theelimination of all forms of discrimination against women and the protection of the rights of children. Thisis in addition to the Islamic shariah implemented in Malaysia and some regions in Indonesia as well asstereotype of women and men regarding their role in economic, social, and political. This paper willessentially show some hindrances for both governments and therefore should take some steps to reducethe limitation. The analysis will be delivered by examining all reports given by both governments to UNCommission on Women and Children, as well as shadow reports from NGOs.Keywords: CEDAW, CRC, Reservation, Radical Feminism Abstrak: Semua Negara anggota ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asia Nation) telah meratifikasi danmengaksesi Konvensi tentang Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi terhadap Perempuan(Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women - CEDAW) dan Konvensitentang Hak-hak Anak (Convention on the Rights of the Child - CRC). Sebagai pihak yang meratifikasikedua konvensi tersebut, Malaysia dan Indonesia tentu saja harus tunduk dan mengikuti aturan yangtertera di dalam konvensi tersebut. Sayangnya, Malaysia dan Indonesia mengajukan reservasi terhadapbeberapa aturan dalam konvensi, baik secara substansi maupun prosedur. Hal ini tentu sajamenghambat penghormatan dan pelaksanaan kedua konvensi secara menyeluruh. Hal ini semakindipersulit dengan adanya hukum Islam yang berlaku di Malaysia dan beberapa daerah di Indonesia sertastereotipe mengenai perbedaan peran laki-laki dan perempuan yang diterapkan di dalam masyarakatkedua Negara. Paper ini akan menunjukkan beberapa kendala yang dihadapi oleh pemerintah keduaNegara dalam menerapkan aturan-aturan CEDAW dan CRC secara menyeluruh. Hal ini akan dilakukandengan menganalisa laporan-laporan tertulis yang telah dibuat oleh pemerintah dan NGO keduaNegara.Kata Kunci: CEDAW, CRC, Reservasi, Feminisme Radika

CHINA’S MILITARY RISE AND ITS IMPACT ON INSTABILITY IN EAST ASIA

AbstrackMeningkatnya anggaran militer China lebih dari satu dekade terakhir ini menyebabkanterjadinya instabilitas di kawasan Asia Timur. Hal ini terutama disebabkan karena Jepangmerasa terancam dengan strategi China dan karenanya Jepang melakukan perubahanterhadap kebijakan pertahanannya. Jepang yang memiliki masalah perbatasan denganChina di sekitar Laut Timur, beranggapan bahwa modernisasi persenjataan China,terutama yang dilakukan terhadap armada lautnya, bukan ditujukan utk menciptakanstabilitas keamanan kawasan namun sebaliknya, menimbulkan ancaman bagi Jepang dannegara tetangga lainnya. Sebagai reaksi terhadap kebijakan pertahanan China tersebut,Jepang, di samping tetap menikmati kerjasama pertahanan dengan Amerika Serikat, telahmemutuskan untuk merubah postur pertahanannya dan meningkatkan anggaran belanjamiliternya. Meskipun terlalu dini untuk menyatakan akan terjadi perang antara Jepangdan China, namun dinamika yang terjadi pada keduanya menimbulkan persepsi yangberagam bagi negara-negara di kawasan Asia Timur, namun yang paling mencolok adalahmeningkatnya perasaan terancam yang akan mengarah pada security dilemma (dilemakeamanan).Kata kunci: Modernisasi pertahanan, Instabilitas, Dilema keamana

THE EFFECT OF THE UNITED STATES OUT OF PARIS AGREEMENT OF 2015 ON THE NATIONAL SECURITY OF THE UNITED STATES

This research will discuss climate change, which causes national security threats to several countries. To tackle climate change, the United States ratified the Paris Agreement 2015, but in 2017 the United States left the agreement. The position of the United States is important because it is both an emitter and a cause of climate change. So that climate change influences the national security of the United States. This study was analyzed using the concept of safety and environmental safety. The idea of security used to analyze the threats caused by climate change to the United States national security threats, and the concept of environmental protection is to analyze the ecological crisis as a threat because it is no longer able to sustain human life. This research method with qualitative methods and data collection techniques through a literature study. The results of this study, based on the findings of climate change as a threat to the United States, can have an impact on health, food availability, requests, and coastal areas. It also disrupted military bases and operations in several international and domestic sectors

Indonesian Diplomacy Of South-South Cooperation To Achieve Sustainable Development Goals 2030

South-South Cooperation has played an important role in encouraging development in various countries through strategic programs, such as training, sending experts, providing grants, scholarships, infrastructure, as well as empowering women. Indonesia as one of the countries that plays an active role as a donor country is expected to increase its role in strengthening Indonesia's position as a new emerging donor so that it can improve Indonesia's image in international forums. Diplomacy carried out by Indonesia is part of a constructivism approach in the study of international relations related to the formation of perceptions and values that Indonesia will share with its cooperation partners. South-South Cooperation is not only part of Indonesia's national priority in The National Medium-Term Development Plan 2020-2024, but also provides benefits as a bridge between the needs of beneficiaries and Indonesia's interests, improves Indonesia's positive image in the region and globally, and is part of Indonesia's economic diplomacy. In the recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic, South-South Cooperation is expected to be a part of development cooperation form that can be one of the instruments for restoring conditions and building back better in achieving the goals of Sustainable Development Goals 2030. Keywords: Diplomacy, Indonesia, South-South Cooperation, Sustainable Development Goals 203

PERANAN KOMUNIKASI DALAM KEPEMIMPINAN PEMERINTAHAN DAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT

AbstractThe role of communication in the government’s leadership in an attempt to influence,move, guide and direct its community or follower is a very important factor for therealization of the goals set. Government leaders as a mover and a good communicator willclarify perceptions and convince his followers to engage and active participate in thedevelopment activities; all at once as a proof that government is practicing the communitybaseddevelopment or it is so called development from, by and for the people.Keywords: Communication role, Government leadership, Community-based development

FEMINISME DALAM MAJALAH PEREMPUAN

AbstractMass media, as agents of culture, reflects the general condition of society. Among theexisting mass media, there are some that are closely linked to specific segments, forexample, women’s magazines. Women’s magazines in Indonesian contains the value offeminism and give affect to Indonesian women’s, they requires not only equality in genderbut also independence in their live.Keywords : Women Magazine, Feminis

HUBUNGAN CUSTOMER SATISFACTION DAN BRAND EXPERIENCE DENGAN BRAND IMAGE TERHADAP CUSTOMER LOYALTY: STUDI KASUS PENGELOLAAN MAL

Abstract: The development of department stores or known as malls is growing up significantly from yearsto years and making the tight competition in retail world in Indonesia. The entire malls attempt to winthe customers loyalty by using the appropriate marketing strategy for the targeted consumers. This effortwill be balanced with the good perception towards the brand image that the mall has. Mall X is theresearch object. This research is conducted to measure the influence of customer satisfaction, brandexperience, and brand image toward the customer loyalty of Mall X, which is the brand image is treatedas the intervening variable. The data collection starts with the questionnaires that spreaded among 240respondents and being analyzed with Structural Equation Model (SEM) technique. The result shows fromthe five hypothesizes which had been tested, three of those hypothesizes showing the positive relationship.Key Words: Customer Satisfaction, Brand Experience, Brand Image, Customer Loyalty Abstrak: Pengembangan pusat perbelanjaan atau dikenal dengan mal yang tumbuh secara signifikandari tahun ke tahun, dan membuat persaingan yang ketat di dunia ritel di Indonesia. Seluruh malmencoba untuk memenangkan loyalitas pelanggan dengan menggunakan strategi pemasaran yang tepatuntuk konsumen yang ditargetkan. Upaya ini akan seimbang dengan persepsi yang baik terhadappencitraan yang dimiliki mal tersebut. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah Mal X. Penelitian ini dilakukanuntuk mengukur pengaruh dari kepuasan pelanggan, pengalaman terhadap merek, dan citra merekterhadap loyalitas pelanggan mal X, dimana citra merek menjadi variabel antara. Pengumpulan datadidapatkan dari kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada 240 responden dan dianalisis dengan teknikStructural Equation Model (SEM). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dari lima hipotesisi yang telah diuji,tiga diantaranya menunujukkan hubungan positif.Kata Kunci: Kepuasan Pelanggan, Pengalaman terhadap Merek, Citra Merek, dan LoyalitasPelangga

CALON PRESIDEN PERSEORANGAN SEBAGAI PERWUJUDAN ASPIRASI RAKYAT PADA PROSES DEMOKRATISASI DI INDONESIA

AbstractPolitical discourse that is being discussed today is Provincial Assembly of the Republic ofIndonesia proposes the fifth amendment of Contitution 1945 that candidates of Presidentand Vice President can be from individual candidate; by offering amendment of paragraph6A article (2) Constitution 1945 to become “Candidate of President and Vice Presidentcome from the proposal of political party of general election participant or from individualâ€.This discourse actually based on idea to realize democratization in the practice ofpresidential election; that sovereignty is on the people’s hand and to provide the maximumspace for the people who has capability to lead this great nation; and basically all people isequal in front of Law and Governance. Provincial Assembly believes that that proposal iscompatible with democracy principle that related to recognition on people’s right to electand to be elected even without having any political party.Keywords: Individual candidate, People aspiration, Democratization, “Deparpolisasiâ

POLITIK DAN KAUM FEMINIS

AbstractFeminist theory attempted to analyze the various conditions that shape the lives of womenand explore diverse cultural understanding about women. Feminist theory was originallydirected to the political objective of the Woman Movement. The feminist rejected the viewthat the inequality between men and women are naturally. Thinking as a feminist involvesattempts to challenge many of the things that are considered as “knowledgeâ€. Historically,live in a society dominated by men, women are more often made into objects rather than thecreator of knowledge. As the result, many things are passed down as an objective knowledgeabout the world is actually produced by men (white skin, middle class and heterogeneous).Women are in a variety of different positions in local and global contexts and displayeddifferently in art, literature and other media; the different in terms of nationality, ethnicity,education, language, class, family, work, ability or disability and sexuality is crucial.Keywords: Politics, Feminism, Feminis

TANTANGAN PERAN BIROKRASI SENTRALISTIK, INTEGRASI POLITIK PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH, PREDIKTOR SISTEM KOMUNIKASI NASIONAL BARU

Abstract: Indonesia experiences changing from centralized governmental system to be localbased government through autonomy to manage each region. That changing will related to newnational communication system, that are communication condition within government(suprastructure of communication) and communication within society (infrastructure ofcommunication). Communication is understood in its state context with its value system –Pancasila and Constitution 1945, culture and the existing institutions. Within this frameworkbureaucracy communication which is centralistic will face challenge, that is how suprastructurand infrastructure communication can be maintained and operate in the balance way to achievenation-state integration.Keywords: Centralistic Bureaucracy, Regional Government, New National CommunicationSystem Abstrak: Indonesia mengalami perubahan dari sistem pemerintahan sentralisik menjadipemerintah berbasis lokal melalui otonomi untuk mengatur masing-masing daerah. Perubahantersebut akan berkaitan dengan sistem komunikasi nasional baru, yaitu suasana komunikasidalam pemerintahan (suprastruktur komunikasi) dan komunikasi dalam masyarakat(infrastruktur komunikasi). Komunikasi dipahami dalam konteks kenegaraan dengan sistemnilainya Pancasila dan UUD 1945, budaya serta berbagai lembaga yang ada. Dalam kerangkaini komunikasi birokrasi yang masih bersifat sentralistik akan menghadapi tantangan, yaitubagaimana suprastruktur dan infrastruktur komunikasi dapat dipertahankan dan berjalanseimbang untuk mencapai integrasi negara bangsa.Kata Kunci: Birokrasi Sentralistik, Pemerintah Daerah, Sistem Komunikasi Nasional Baru