23,186 research outputs found

    Aggressiveness and sleep: People with quick tempers and less anger control have objectively worse sleep quality

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    Adults and children who report frequent expression of anger and aggression also report sleep disruption. Although these findings suggest an important relationship, it is unknown whether this link extends to real sleep behavior, what aspects of sleep and angry and aggressive tendencies play the most important role, and whether stress and constraint contribute to their connection. To address these questions, the current study used a large scale dataset from the Biomarker Project of the Midlife in the United States Longitudinal Study of Health and Well-Being (MIDUS II) to investigate these relations with respect to both objectively (actigraphy) and subjectively (daily diary) measured sleep. Results indicated that individuals who are quick to anger and with poor anger control had worse objectively measured sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, and sleep fragmentation. Stress and constraint did not contribute to these relations. In addition, all of individuals’ anger tendencies related to subjectively measured indices of sleep quality; however, these relations were largely accounted for by stress and constraint. The links between these anger tendencies and sleep illuminate the larger growing body of evidence showing that sleep disruption influences aggression and aggressive tendencies

    The Relation between Fatigue Level and Nurses’ Caring Behavior in The Orthopedic Department

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    Contents: Caring is a concept that is inherently difficult to define. The term caring is expressed in different ways in many cultures. Nurses' caring can impact a person's life processes, wellbeing, and functioning. On the other hand, fatigue is a subjective unpleasant feeling ranging from tiredness to exhaustion that could be physical, mental, or both. It may significantly interfere with functioning and may persist despite periods of rest. Aim: The present study investigates the relation between fatigue level and nurses' caring behavior in the orthopedic department.Methods: Research formulates three questions. What is the nurses' level of fatigue in the orthopedic department? What are the nurses' caring behaviors in the orthopedic department? What is the relation between fatigue level and nurses' caring behavior in the orthopedic department? The study utilized a correlational research design. The study was conducted in El Hadra Orthopedic and Traumatology University Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt, on all available nurses (50 nurses) who provide direct patient care and work in the previously mentioned setting. Two tools were used for data collection. Structured interview questionnaire; It consists of two parts. The first part was concerned with socio-demographic data, past medical history of psychological problems, and chronic illness. The second part was the Fatigue Visual Analog Scale (VAS), a one-dimensional scale, consisting of an unmarked 10 cm line to rate the nurses' level of fatigue. The second tool was the Orthopedic Nurse Caring Behavior Observation Checklist. This tool was used to assess nurses' caring behavior toward orthopedic patients through concealed observation.Results: It was observed that 60.0% of studied nurses had a severe level of fatigue. The study showed a moderate level of caring behaviors with a mean of 199.92±13.50 for the morning shift nurses and 222.34±14.27 for the nurses in the evening shift. The study evidenced a significant correlation between fatigue level and overall caring behavior.Conclusion: About two-thirds of the studied nurses had a severe level of fatigue. The overall nurses' caring behaviors dimensions were of a moderate degree. There is a significant positive correlation between fatigue level and the overall nurses' caring behaviors in both morning and evening shifts in the orthopedic department. The study recommended providing nurses with fatigue countermeasure strategies and to provide the organization with strategies to overcome fatigue. Nurses are recommended to pay more attention to caring behaviors

    The relationship between quality of sleep and mood states among athletes

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    Sleep quality is an aspect of sleep on which there is currently a lack of research and, in particular, there is little published data related to the quality of sleep obtained by athletes. Sleep quality is difficult to define because it includes quantitative aspects of sleep such as sleep duration, sleep latency and number of arousals as well as the subjective aspects such as ‘depth’ and ‘restfulness’ of sleep. Athletes require more sleep than the non-athlete population in order to recover from their exertions and, although evidence suggests that athletes are concerned about the impact that inadequate sleep has upon performance, there is a paucity of literature examining how poor sleep patterns affect the athletes’ psychological states during training and competition. Due to the scarcity of literature examining how the quality of sleep affects the psychological states of athletes, very little research has focused on athletes’ sleep and mood within the South African (SA) context. A quantitative research method with a combination of an exploratory and descriptive approach was employed. The sample of this study comprised of 87 athletes. The researcher made use of a purposive, non-randomized sampling technique. A self-report biographical questionnaire, the Profile of Mood States 2 – Adults (POMS 2), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Adults (STAI-A) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was administered once a week on the same day for the duration of 4 weeks. Descriptive and inferential statistics, Pearson R correlation and One-sample t-test were used to analyse the data. The researcher obtained the necessary authorisation to conduct the study and followed the ethical rules of conduct. Results indicated that there were certain relationships between the quality of sleep and mood states among athletes such as fatigue-inertia, anxiety (state and trait), depression-dejection, anger-hostility, vigour-activity and confusion-bewilderment. There was sufficient evidence to conclude that there was a significant between-week (week 1 and 2, 2 and 3, 3 and 4) difference in fatigue-inertia and sleep quality. Apart from differences in fatigue-inertia and sleep quality scores over the four weeks, all other results indicate a constant outcome over the four weeks for mood states and sleep quality. The results also indicated sufficient evidence to conclude that although there was evidence of a relationship between quality of sleep and mood states, it was not possible to make a definitive conclusion regarding whether sleep quality, anxiety, and depression were bi-directionally related. Despite some of the limitations to the study, the findings were thought to contribute in a valuable way to furthering knowledge regarding the quality of sleep and mood states among athletes. The current data suggest that monitoring athletes’ sleep and mood states may be a determining factor for satisfactory performance; therefore, the reasons for poor sleep quality should be identified in order to implement any coping strategies needed

    Psychological change and the Alexander technique

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    Objectives: The Alexander Technique (AT) is a complementary therapy and holistic approach, which aims to improve psychological and physical well-being. Very little research has assessed the effectiveness of the AT at bringing about psychological change. This exploratory study aims to investigate the psychological impact of learning and practising the AT, and how AT pupils understand the processes underpinning this impact. Design: A qualitative, phenomenological approach was taken to explore participants' experiences. Methods: Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants who had experience of learning and practising the AT. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) (Smith & Osborn, 2008). Results: Participants described a wide range of psychological changes as a result of learning the AT, including increased self-awareness, calm, confidence, balance, presence, and ability to detach from problems. The process of learning the AT was rewarding but, for many participants, was also challenging. Conclusions: The psychological benefits of the AT are understood in relation to established psychological and psychotherapeutic models. Further considerations and implications for future research are discussed

    The Contributions of Child and Romantic Attachment to Sleep Quality

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    Little is known about the relation between attachment and sleep, although both develop around the first year of life and mutually influence each other. Furthermore, attachment styles and dimensions have been associated with sleep difficulties in both childhood and adulthood. However, these findings have not been consistent, especially among dismissing individuals. In addition, the specific contributions of both child and romantic attachment to sleep quality have not been investigated thus far. This cross-sectional study aims to examine the ways child and romantic attachment are associated with sleep quality. A sample of 671 heterosexual residents of the United States, aged 18 to 65 years, were recruited through social media platforms. It was hypothesized that: 1) Romantic attachment significantly and positively explains the association between child attachment scores (higher scores indicate less security) and poorer sleep quality so that this association is weakened in the presence of romantic attachment; 2) Dismissing or secure romantic attachment is related to good sleep quality while preoccupied or fearful romantic attachment is related to poor sleep quality. Analyses were stratified by sex and were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, income, marital status, length of current romantic relationship, and recruitment site. The mediational hypothesis (1) was supported for models examining the relation between child anxious attachment and sleep quality in men and women. The test of the second hypothesis revealed a significant relation between romantic attachment dimensions and sleep, but no specific attachment style was associated with sleep quality. The links between romantic attachment insecurity and sleep dysfunction by sex suggests that men and women regulate affect differently. Considering attachment as part of the broader framework of emotion regulation provides a window into individual differences in sleep quality, and sleep-wake patterns may be understood as manifestations of attachment behaviors in research, prevention, and treatment of sleep difficulties in adults

    Effects of Sleep on Training Effectiveness in Soldiers at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri

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    Development and evaluation of the Sleep Treatment and Education Program for Students (STEPS)

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    Sleep difficulties are becoming progressively more common among university students and may be related to increased academic and emotional difficulties. Psychoeducational interventions are among the most effective methods for reducing sleep difficulties and are significantly better than pharmacological treatments. Attempts to demonstrate the effectiveness of such treatments among university students are not present in the literature. The purpose of this study was to develop the Sleep Treatment Education Program for Students (STEPS) and evaluate its effectiveness to improve sleep habits and reduce sleep complaints. The study used a double blind, experimental design. Participants in the treatment condition received Sleep Hygiene Guidelines, Stimulus Control Instructions, information about caffeine content, and a brief lecture describing the impact of poor sleep quality on university students. The control group students were informed about the scientific methods of behavioral sciences. Students in the treatment group reported significant improvements in their overall sleep quality and habits. Bedtime worries about sleep difficulties, inconsistent sleep times, nighttime thirst, and caffeine use accounted for the most variance in poor sleep quality. These results suggest that inception of an inexpensive student sleep awareness program such as STEPS may significantly reduce or prevent sleep difficulties in university students

    The role of cognition in understanding the sleep- aggression relationship in a forensic psychiatric sample

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    This PhD program of work focused on the role of cognition in the sleep-aggression relationship relating to both aggression towards others and towards the self (i.e. self-injury). The research aimed to develop a preliminary model to explain the potential contribution of cognition in this complex relationship. Research methodology included a systematic literature review, qualitative interviews, a cross-sectional study and an intervention study comparing Mindfulness, Sleep Hygiene Education, and Treatment as Usual (control). The empirical studies were conducted with high secure psychiatric patients. Findings indicate that cognition is multifaceted in the relationship between sleep and aggression. Interventions to improve sleep should be tailored to individual needs and consider the cognitive factors contributing to both sleep and aggression. The preliminary model outlined acknowledges the contribution of a range of cognitions
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