Aeronautical engineering: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 201)

This bibliography lists 438 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in May 1986

Development of a Flight Simulation Training Device and Remote Pilot Station: The URBLOG Unmanned Hybrid Airship Vehicle Case

With the growing number of passengers and technological advancements, the Aeronautical industry is keen on new and reinvented types of transportation. New interest in airship technology has grown in the past few years to enhance its flight capabilities. A new solution for urban mobility appeared, with new airship design. This airship, named URBLOG, combines the traditional airship concept with rotorcraft technology. Being a new concept, it requires methods and solutions to reach its new goals. Simulation emerges as a solution to design, test and validate methods at a low cost when developing a new vehicle prototype. Concepts can be optimized and improve their time to the market. In addition to simulation of the vehicle for design proposes, it is also possible to apply it on Flight Simulator software to understand its flying characteristics and to design its synthetic environment, as a flight simulation training device (FSTD). In this work, an unmanned version of the URBLOG is firstly designed on the CAD software Blender® and is later implemented in flight simulation software Lockheed Martin Prepar3D®, reflecting the main purpose and characteristics of the vehicle. A virtual cockpit is designed, and the flight simulation training device (FSTD) is defined, which can be integrated into the remote pilot station (RPS) of the URBLOG’s remote piloted aircraft system (RPAS). This is developed considering the operator’s point of view and the human factors considerations applicable to cockpit design and remote pilot stations (RPS). A basic training programme is then produced to train the unmanned vehicle operator of that station. To verify and validate the programme and that synthetic environment, a human in the loop study is conducted.Com o crescente número de passageiros e avanços tecnológicos, a indústria aeronáutica está atualmente interessada em novos tipos de transporte. Nos últimos anos surgiu um novo interesse em dirigíveis, combinando novas tecnologias para aprimorar as suas capacidades de voo. Baseado nesta necessidade, surgiu uma nova solução para a mobilidade urbana, com um novo tipo de dirigível. Este dirigível, de nome URBLOG, combina o modo de voo tradicional de um dirigível com a tecnologia de aeronaves de asa rotativa, e sendo um novo conceito, requer métodos e soluções para atingir os seus novos objetivos. A simulação do voo aplica-se como uma solução de baixo custo para desenvolver o novo protótipo do veículo, de modo a projetar, testar e validar os métodos e soluções em questão. Estes conceitos podem ser otimizados e melhorados, agilizando a sua implementação no mercado. Além da simulação do veículo para o desenvolvimento do projeto proposto, ao aplicá-lo em software de simulação de voo, é possível igualmente entender as suas características de voo e projetar o seu ambiente sintético de treino, como um dispositivo de treino de simulação de voo (FSTD). Neste trabalho, um protótipo não tripulado do URBLOG é primeiramente projetado no software de desenho assistido (CAD) por computador Blender® e posteriormente implementado no software de simulação de voo Lockheed Martin Prepar3D®, onde é criado o seu modelo de voo refletindo o seu principal objetivo e características do veículo. É projetado um cockpit virtual bem como o seu FSTD, podendo estes ser integrados numa estação de piloto remoto (RPS) do sistema de aeronave pilotada remotamente (RPAS) onde o URBLOG se inclui. Este desenvolvimento é focado no ponto de vista do operador bem como os fatores humanos aplicáveis ao design de cockpits e das estações de piloto remoto (RPS). Um programa básico de treino é produzido de modo a treinar os operadores do veículo não tripulado nesse ambiente sintético e validar as suas funcionalidades. Para validar e verificar também esse programa, é criado um teste onde a componente humana, por via de vários utilizadores de teste, é incluída nesse mesmo ambiente sintético, simulando uma possível operação do URBLOG

Simuladores de vuelo: una revisión

Los simuladores de vuelo permiten realizar maniobras de aprendizaje que en una aeronave real no se podría, ya que se pueden analizar desde fallas humanas hasta las de la aeronave. Este artículo presenta el desarrollo de un estado del arte para el proyecto titulado “Desarrollo y construcción de un entrenador de vuelo de la aeronave Cessna T-41 para la Escuela Militar de Aviación Marco Fidel Suárez”, financiado por la “Convocatoria para el apoyo a proyectos CTeI para la investigación formativa de la Fuerza Pública”, desarrollada por el Ministerio de Defensa Nacional. Para el desarrollo del artículo se realizó una revisión documental que contiene la clasificación, la historia, arquitectura, características, ventajas y aplicaciones de los simuladores de vuelo o dispositivos de entrenamiento de vuelo. Como resultado a destacar se obtuvo que el proyecto inicialmente planteado era el desarrollo de un entrenador, pero se logró desarrollar un simulador tipo A con un sistema de movimiento con tres grados de libertad. Se concluye que la información suministrada por este artículo apoya a los conceptos básicos para la realización de un simulador de vuelo, dándole la capacidad a la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana en el desarrollo de este tipo de tecnologías

The Military Learner: The Acceptance of New Training Technology for C-130 Aircrews

The problem in this qualitative embedded single-case study was that business and military organizations have shrinking budgets, which has caused conflicting priorities for training funds. This has forced training managers to develop alternative instructional programs to reduce costs, which sometimes means replacing people with technology. To be useful, the new technology must be accepted and used by learners. During military training, certain programs require learners to use a new technology despite the possible lack of acceptance of that technology. Researchers do not know how military learners accept new technology that is mandatory to use. The purpose of this case study was to understand how military learners use new technology by exploring the experiences of learners who have used a 360-degree training program. A purposeful sample of 18 participants who attend C-130 flight training was selected from a military base in the Southern United States. The study included structured and open-ended questions to explore learner experiences. The objectives were to describe how the learners accept new technology and describe how learners perceive the value of the training. The findings were that the participants have different learning styles, they take acceptance cues from their instructors, and they need technology to be easy to use. To reach a conclusion, this study applied the third version of the Technology Acceptance Model to a mandatory learning situation in a military context. The recommendations were that new technology should be developed for easy access; that instructors should employ all the support facilities necessary to use new technology; and that new technology should be easy to use to gain participant acceptance. Future recommendations are to expand qualitative studies of technology acceptance in mandatory training situations for business and industry

The impact of the financial crisis on European defence

The financial crisis may pose a risk as well as offer an opportunity for the European defence sector: on the one hand, it sounds plausible that shrinking budgets increase the pressure on member states to cooperate and thus overcome the EU’s problems related to capability development and restructuring of the defence industries and markets. On the other hand, national prerogatives still dominate despite a decade of rhetoric and initiatives for more cooperation and less state in EU defence. If this national focus continues to dominate under current financial circumstances, EU member states run the risk to implement cuts in their Armed Forces in an uncoordinated way. As a result, member states might end up with potentially even bigger capability gaps than they have today and hence even less opportunities to implement the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). This study provides a comprehensive and detailed overview on the ongoing impact of the financial crisis on EU Member States defence spending. In addition, it examines the potential of overcoming the need to cut defence spending by greater cooperation in the framework of the European Union and by drawing upon the innovations in the Lisbon Treaty. The study highlights the need to address the challenges of the economic crisis, a growing number of initiatives by various EU countries as well as the opportunities the Lisbon Treaty offers for pursuing an effective defence sector strategy that goes beyond the current incremental approach. The study has been requested to provide Members of the European Parliament, broader defence policy community and European public a first comprehensive overview of the impact of the financial crisis on European defence and at the EU level, as well as its wider impact on the future of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). It includes recommendations to be developed by the European Parliament and decision makers at the national and EU level in order to address the economic crisis whilst ensuring Europe retains defence capabilities to respond to future security challenges

Nuclear Power - Control, Reliability and Human Factors

Advances in reactor designs, materials and human-machine interfaces guarantee safety and reliability of emerging reactor technologies, eliminating possibilities for high-consequence human errors as those which have occurred in the past. New instrumentation and control technologies based in digital systems, novel sensors and measurement approaches facilitate safety, reliability and economic competitiveness of nuclear power options. Autonomous operation scenarios are becoming increasingly popular to consider for small modular systems. This book belongs to a series of books on nuclear power published by InTech. It consists of four major sections and contains twenty-one chapters on topics from key subject areas pertinent to instrumentation and control, operation reliability, system aging and human-machine interfaces. The book targets a broad potential readership group - students, researchers and specialists in the field - who are interested in learning about nuclear power

CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION PROCEDURE OF MICROSCOPIC TRAFFIC SIMULATION MODEL: A CASE STUDY

Increased application of microscopic traffic simulation models imposes the need for high accuracy and precision. However, in research literature an exact and precise calibration and validation procedure definition of microscopic traffic simulation models is lacking. Informal practical experiences with barely full description procedure are present. Very often validation has not been carried out at all or if it has, it has been done ad hoc. As input model parameters, default parameters are usually used without being adjusted to local urban network features and its users. In most cases this has been regarded as delimitation of simulation models to be able to reflect the real on site conditions for appropriate decisions to be taken upon. Hence, the adjustment of input parameters according to the local urban network features and its users is becoming a calling issue. In this paper a system procedure for calibration and validation of parameters in a designed microscopic traffic simulation model for a real small urban network is presented. The calibration and validation is done in VISSIM. The traffic simulation results were compared with detailed recorded field data. The input model parameters calibration and validation proved both accuracy and precision of the designed microscopic traffic simulation model

Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 362)

This bibliography lists 357 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System during May 1992. Subject coverage includes: aerospace medicine and physiology, life support systems and man/system technology, protective clothing, exobiology and extraterrestrial life, planetary biology, and flight crew behavior and performance