Accommodating Resistance: Unionization, Gender, and Ethnicity in Winnipeg’s Garment Industry, 1929–1945

This article examines the culturally particular and gendered ways in which Jewish immigrant women in the garment industry negotiated their new Canadian urban environments by participating in labour protest, indicating how the site of the strike was one structured by gender and ethnicity as well as by class. Canada’s urban space both facilitated immigrant women’s integration into society by enabling their interaction with Canadian political and economic structures and encouraged their retention of culturally particular ways of life by providing sites and spaces for politically charged gatherings that not only reinforced these workers’ ethnic traditions but also put their status as militant women on public display. These women strikers’ accommodation and resistance to Canadian society was also affected by Anglo Canadians’ representations of them, by shifting unionization tactics—from radical to conservative—and by social constructions of gender, ethnicity, and class.Cet article examine les moyens culturellement particuliers et genrés par lesquels les femmes immigrantes juives dans l’industrie du vêtement au Canada ont négocié leur nouvel environnement urbain à travers diverses formes de manifestations ouvrières, en démontrant comment le lieu de la manifestation a été structuré par le genre, l’ethnicité et la classe. L’espace urbain canadien a servi à la fois à faciliter l’intégration sociale des femmes immigrées en permettant leur interaction avec les structures politiques et économiques canadiennes et à favoriser leur rétention de modes de vie culturellement particuliers en leur offrant un espace et des sites pour des rassemblements à caractère politique qui non seulement ont renforcé les traditions ethniques de ces ouvrières mais ont aussi mis leur statut de femmes militantes au grand jour. La façon dont ces femmes grévistes se sont accommodées et ont résisté à la société canadienne a également été affectée par leurs représentations anglo-canadiennes, l’évolution des tactiques syndicales—de radicales à conservatrices—et par des constructions sociales de genre, d’ethnicité et de classe

Artisans and the city : a social history of Bristol's shoemakers and tailors, 1770-1800

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Popular politics and associational activity in London and Lancashire, 1800 – 1832

The modes of organising popular engagement with public issues in the early nineteenth century went through continuous adaption. The creative work involved in finding the most appropriate methods was undertaken by thousands of unimportant men. A rich associational landscape provided organisational models and experience. Debating and trade societies were significant for both education and the acquisition of the skills of organising. Trade societies also influenced how working people organised outside of those societies. These organisational processes are explored through four case studies of organising in London and Lancashire. Sectional groups interpreted what was encompassed by their interests narrowly and generally limited their campaigning to issues that concerned their members qua members. Public-interest groups adopted general identities, most commonly inhabitants, and made representations about the wider good. This shift to inhabitant as the preferred identity to pursue issues of public interest, away from the eighteenth-century view that voter was the appropriate identity, was key to the widening participation of the extra-parliamentary nation. The identity mobilised shaped not just how people were organised but the arguments that they advanced. Pre-existing structures of local administration were developed in ways that allowed the political identity of inhabitant to be accessed by a broader range of people. Chronological changes in how meetings were called evidence the evolution of the form, which by the 1820s included public meetings of the working classes. Activity was sometimes conceptualised as political (a change from the eighteenth-century understanding) but a preferred discourse of the public, encapsulated in public meetings and public opinion, offered a stronger claim to legitimacy. Towards the end of the period there was further diversification in the identities that might express opinions in the public interest, including societies and parts of localities

Organised labour in Limerick City, 1810-1899

This monograph identifies and describes the nineteenth century workers of Limerick who established and maintained societies, representing both individual occupational groups and multi-occupational alliances. The study defines the class identity of these organised workers, and the background and outlook of their local political opponents, describing popular political causes from the perspective of the organised workers. The nature of these organised labour societies, how they were formed and how they functioned, is examined in the context of similar societies in Ireland, Britain and beyond. The overall purpose of this thesis is to reveal how the urban Irish worker viewed the world around him.N

The Comintern, Communist women leaders and the struggle for women's liberation in Britain between the wars: a political and prosopographical investigation, part 2

This is the second part of an article which explores and contextualises in revolutionary theory and practice the lives and careers of a highly unusual group of women, many hitherto hidden from history, who took a leading part in the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) between 1920 and 1939. The first instalment discussed the historiography and outlined a prosopographical approach to the subject. It traced the theory of women's liberation which informed the early Comintern and its national affiliates from its roots in the work of Engels, the German Social Democratic Party and the Second International; outlined developments in CPGB policy on the question over two decades; and presented a statistical analysis of 15 of the 18 women who figured in the party leadership between the wars. This second instalment provides mini-biographies of these Central Committee (CC) members. It examines their origins, ethnicity, religion, education, occupation, previous affiliations, political attitudes and career in the CPGB. Recuperation confirms that the group as a whole embraced Communism as a break with earlier women's politics – including those with direct experience of the suffrage movement. They rejected feminism but exhibited little interest in Marxist theory beyond Comintern pronouncements. Committed to the party and the policies of the Soviet Union as it moved from Lenin to Stalin, they were practical organisers and agitators who, on the whole, respected conventional gender roles. They exercised the right to be politically active, even in the face of domestic commitments, and engaged in the general activities of the party as well as specialist work with women. But they offered no explicit critique of the family, prevailing sexual mores or the subordination of women members within the CPGB

Assessing the factors which determine the effectiveness of OHS regulation in the era of globalisation and neoliberalism: A case study of Bangladesh\u27s Ready-Made Garment (RMG) Industry

Globalisation is a power-driven force serving the vested interests of a group of people. More precisely, it is the extension of the capitalist mode of production and deregulation, where international firms operate their trade and business without much government interference. Transnational corporations\u27 expansion of capital in developing countries has played a crucial role in the rise of globalisation since the 1980s. The Bangladesh Ready-Made Garment (RMG) industry\u27s development has occurred in the tidal flow of globalisation and neoliberalism, which began in the 1980s. The Government of Bangladesh and the RMG factory owners and managers seldom lead national policy development to improve workers\u27 health and safety and workers\u27 compensation arrangements. Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) has rarely been given high priority because developing nations need more resources and institutional support. Bangladesh is no exception. In Bangladesh, globalisation has seen the number of RMG factories grow from 384 in 1984-85 to more than 7000 in 2023. By 2015-2016, these factories employed about 4 million workers, which has now grown to over 6 million. Eighty per cent of current RMG industry workers are migrant rural women, and these workers, in particular, have been subject to severe exploitation in the era of globalisation and neoliberalism. This thesis explores the impact of globalisation on OHS regulation and practices in the RMG industry in Bangladesh. More specifically, this thesis examines the reasons for the failures of OHS policy, practice and regulation for RMG workers in Bangladesh. This thesis further investigates factors that have determined or influenced the Government of Bangladesh to implement OHS policy in the RMG industry. Furthermore, this thesis demonstrates the state, employers, factory owners, and other international agencies\u27 substantial role in Bangladesh\u27s RMG industry’s OHS regulation between 2012 and 2017. Finally, the study results show that the sector needs strict government control by enforcing the National Labour Act 2006 (amended in 2013), ILO conventions, and international oversight to ensure that the industry is orderly and sustainable during the phase of globalisation and neoliberalism

Strikes, syndicalism and soviet: a comparative study of the labour movements in Cork and Derry, 1914-24

This thesis a comprehensive study of the labour movement in Cork and Derry, two disparate cities, from 1917-24 – the ‘Irish revolution’. Cork and Derry were both afflicted by the radical political agitation and upheaval that characterised this period, especially their labour movements. This thesis is a thorough study of rank-and-file workers in Cork and Derry. It revises labour historiography’s emphasis on biography of people and institutions. It brings workers, the protagonists of labour history, to the heart of academic analysis. It examines the extent to which labour was susceptible to local political influences, how the nationalist insurrection shaped labour, and how labour shaped the revolution. It elaborates how Derry labour responded to unionist reaction in the years following partition. This dissertation highlights working-class experiences in both cities, showing how extensive political changes informed class consciousness and class conflict. It analyses the class nature of the nationalist revolution, its relationship with and attitudes to labour, and what that revolution meant for workers in Cork and Derry. Ulster unionist reaction is also explored. Strong emphasis is placed on the interactions between Derry’s minority unionist working class and official Ulster unionism. Labour loyalism is also elaborated upon and contrasted with the hegemony of republicanism in Cork during these years. This work enhances scholarly understanding of the forces that moulded Irish labour, one of which was gender. The experiences of women workers are meticulously illustrated, thereby helping to rectify the disregard shown to Irish women’s history. The state’s role in industrial disputes is examined to illustrate the class nature of both Irish states, thus revealing the class nature of the Irish revolution and the Ulster unionist counterrevolution

Part-time Faculty in Higher Education: A Selected Annotated Bibliography

At this writing (Fall 2011), two-thirds of the faculty in higher education are contingent part-time or full-time. Only one-third of the faculty is tenured or on the tenure-track. This selected, annotated bibliography is organized by year of publication, from 1977 to 2010. (An earlier version was published in 2008.) It is the purpose of this publication to facilitate understanding of the meaning and implications of this major change in the structure of higher education. The annotations in the bibliography were written from the perspective of a part-time faculty member, unlike most of the literature, which is written from a management perspective