HERITABILITY OF VALUABLE ECONOMIC TRAITS IN THE HYBRID GENERATIONS OF BREAD WHEAT

Wheat breeding aims to create high quality varieties that are resistant to dormancy, drought, disease and biotic and abiotic stress in general. In theory, it was decided to increase the wheat yield to 20 tons per hectare, but in practice the yield was up to 14 tons. The dependence of wheat yield on hereditary traits has been shown by many scientists. It is known that the variability and genetics of quantitative traits are not uniquely determined. The most characteristic of them is dependence on the external environment, which creates great difficulties in breeding. The most important thing in breeding is a specific genotype or homoheterozygosity and other indicators of productivity, that is, what genetic potential it has. The hybridization of these two factors is associated with the problem of choosing the best genotypes from hybrid mixtures. The seeds of plants selected in G2 are sown separately in the breeding nursery for generations, in which relatively even lines are distinguished in G3. They make up no more than 5-10% of the total number of lines studied in the nursery this year. The selected lists will be reviewed prior to the start of the competition. According to the research results in 2012, 15 hybrids were bred with the participation of selected new lines and specimens that are resistant to various environmental influences and diseases, high yield, high quality grain. In each of the created hybrids, hybrids that embody the parental forms are aimed at obtaining hybrids suitable for different soil climates and different extreme condition

Evaluation of growing of sweet maize varieties and hybrids as a repeated crop in different planting periods and schemes

In a comprehensive scientific study conducted in the Bukhara province, the cultivation of 12 varieties and hybrids of sweet (vegetable) corn was undertaken as a repeated crop in medium-saline meadow alluvial soils. Noteworthy varieties and hybrids evaluated in the study included "Zamin," "Mazza," "Megaton F1," and "Union F1," selected based on their suitability for the specific soil and climate conditions prevalent in the province. The research aimed to discern the optimal combinations of planting schemes and periods for maximizing yield in sweet corn production. Among the diverse planting schemes and periods tested, the study highlighted the effectiveness of the 60x30 and 70x25 cm schemes, identifying them as the optimal choices. Furthermore, the optimal planting period was pinpointed to be July 5, emphasizing the significance of timing in sweet corn cultivation in the region. The findings indicated that when varieties and hybrids like "Zamin," "Mazza," "Megaton F1," and "Union F1" were planted on July 5 using the 60x30 and 70x25 cm schemes, an impressive yield of 10.1-14.4 tons of vegetable cobs per hectare was achieved. This underscores the importance of meticulous selection of both planting schemes and periods to optimize sweet corn production in the specific agro-climatic conditions of the Bukhara province. The research outcomes contribute valuable insights for local farmers and agricultural practitioners, offering practical recommendations for enhancing crop productivity and ensuring sustainable sweet corn cultivation practices

Model Organisms in Plant Genetics

Model plants are required for research when targeted plant species are difficult to study or when research material is unavailable. Importantly, knowledge gained from model plants can be generally translated to other related plant species because many key cellular and molecular processes are conserved and regulated by ‘blueprint’ genes inherited from a common ancestor. Model Organisms in Plant Genetics addresses characteristics of model plants such as Arabidopsis, moss, soybean, maize, and cotton, highlighting their advantages and limitations as well as their importance in studies of plant development, plant genome polyploidization, adaptive selection, evolution, and domestication, as well as their importance in crop improvement

Growing varieties sweet corn main period in Karakalpakstan

This article investigates the impact of planting the "Zamin" variety and "Megaton F1" hybrid of sweet corn in the moderately saline meadow-alluvial soils of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The study specifically focuses on the effects of planting these hybrids at different periods—April 20, May 1, and May 10—on various aspects of plant growth, development, vegetable cob productivity, and economic efficiency indicators. The findings indicate that when seeds of the "Zamin" variety and "Megaton F1" hybrid of sweet corn were planted on April 20, remarkable results were observed. The plants exhibited impressive height, ranging from 163.7 cm to 173.3 cm. Additionally, they were characterized by a substantial number of leaves (12.0 to 12.1 pieces) and seeds (3.0 to 3.6 pieces), showcasing robust growth and development. Furthermore, the productivity of these early-planted varieties was noteworthy, with a yield of 10.8 tons per hectare for the "Zamin" variety and 11.8 tons per hectare for the "Megaton F1" hybrid. Importantly, this represented an additional yield of 1.1 to 1.3 tons per hectare compared to the control, highlighting the positive impact of the early planting strategy. These results underscore the significance of the planting period in maximizing the growth, development, and overall productivity of sweet corn varieties in the specific agro-climatic conditions of Karakalpakstan. The study's insights contribute valuable information for local farmers and agricultural practitioners, offering a practical approach to enhancing crop yield and economic efficiency in sweet corn cultivation

Technological Factors of Cereal, Potato and Cotton Production

The focus of this paper is on the revision of the technologies presently used for the production of grain, potatoes, and cotton. Its main purpose is to provide an overview of the diversity of the technologies used. Preliminary work on this review was carried out within the scope of the activities of Task 2 ("Technological Transformations in Agriculture: Resource Limitations and Environmental Consequences") of the Food and Agriculture Program. The ultimate goal of this task's activities is the establishment of a data base on the various alternative technologies available in the world for the production of major crops and animal products. This paper can be seen as a first step towards this final objective providing high quality information backed by concrete data. However, it was not feasible to structure the information in such a way as to allow full integration with the planned data base during the first phase of research activities. Research work on the topics presented has been carried out partly at IIASA and partly at the All-Union Research Institute of Information and Technical-Economic Research in Agriculture

Host specificity of divergent populations of the leaf beetle \u3ci\u3eDiorhabda elongata\u3c/i\u3e (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.)

The leaf beetle, Diorhabda elongata (Brullé) sensu lato, was released in 2001 for the classical biological control of exotic saltcedars, a complex of invasive Tamarix species and hybrids. It did not establish at sites south of 37°N latitude where summer daylengths are below the critical photoperiod of the northern-adapted populations of the beetle that were released. Therefore, we assessed the host specificity of four D. elongata populations collected from more southern latitudes in the Old World (Tunisia, Crete, Uzbekistan, and Turpan, China). All populations were similar to each other and the previously released populations of D. elongata in their host specificity. Larval/pupal survival for all populations was 34–100% on Tamarix test plants, 0–76% on native Frankenia plants (both in the order Tamaricales), and 0% on the remaining 28 species of plants on which all the larvae died as 1st instars. D. elongata laid high numbers of eggs on saltcedar, generally fewer eggs on athel (a moderately valued evergreen species of Tamarix) except for Uzbekistan beetles, and few to no eggs on three species of Frankenia. Few to no adults were found on Frankenia plants which also were poor maintenance hosts. The release of any of the four D. elongata populations in the southern US and northern Mexico should pose no risk to plants outside the order Tamaricales and a low risk to native, non-target Frankenia plants. Athel may be less damaged than saltcedar

Planting Cauliflower Seeds in the Open Field

moisture cauliflower is very good as the closest relatives of culture to see. The soil should be at least 70 percent of optimum moisture, does not let to dry. This is especially important during the growth of seedlings. It quickly began to flourish even when the lightweight construction of the soil is shallow or loss of productivity can lead to the formation of your head. Very important and according to the temperature