Indiana Institute for Biomedical Imaging Sciences

poster abstractThe Indiana Institute of Biomedical Imaging Sciences (IIBIS) In-vivo Imaging Core provides Cancer Center investigators with access to state-of-the-art in-vivo imaging resources. As an integral component of an institution-wide imaging center, the core was developed through funds provided by an NCI P20 ICMIC planning grant, the Indiana 21st Century Technology Development Fund, and the Indiana Genomics Initiative (INGEN: Funded in part by the Lilly Endowment). Matching funds to develop this program were provided by the Indiana University Radiology Associates and the Indiana University School of Medicine, and IU Health. In total, nearly $40M has been raised to develop this comprehensive imaging program. The IIBIS Core will utilize resources located in three research buildings on the Indiana University School of Medicine campus. The Research Institute II building houses a Siemens HR+ PET Scanner, a Siemens Biograph 64 PET/CT Scanner, a GE 1.5T Signa MRI systems and a Siemens 3T Tim Trio MRI for human studies. Small animal imaging resources include the IndyPET III scanner, an EVS RS-9 micro CT scanner, a ART MX3 optical imaging system, and a Berthold NightOWL optical imaging system. Goodman Hall houses recently installed Siemens 3T SKYRA MRI and mCT (PET/CT) imaging systems. In addition, the Tracer and Contrast Agent Development program of the IIBIS Core is located in the Biomedical Research and Training Center building. This building houses a CTI RDS Eclipse medical cyclotron, radiochemistry laboratories, synthetic chemistry laboratories, and molecular biology and cell culture laboratories. The core has recently developed a Tracer and Contrast Validation laboratory which is housed at Research 2, and is aimed at accelerating the development of new imaging tracers. Highly skilled Faculty and Staff are available to assist with research study design, collection of imaging data, and data analysis, and model and tracer validation

Advancements in Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging

Radiology and diagnostic imaging have undergone remarkable advancements in recent years, shaping the future of healthcare and improving patient outcomes. This review article provides an extensive overview of the developments and opportunities in various aspects of radiology, including CT, MRI, ultrasound, digital radiology, teleradiology, 3D printing, radiomics, radiogenomics, and nuclear radiology. It highlights the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in radiology, the emergence of theranostics, and the exploration of the human microbiome. The article also delves into advanced imaging techniques for cardiovascular diseases, hybrid imaging modalities in oncology, and optical imaging. The summary emphasizes the importance of continued innovation and development in radiology and diagnostic imaging to enhance patient care and global health outcomes

Paediatric radiology seen from Africa. Part I: providing diagnostic imaging to a young population

Article approval pendingPaediatric radiology requires dedicated equipment, specific precautions related to ionising radiation, and specialist knowledge. Developing countries face difficulties in providing adequate imaging services for children. In many African countries, children represent an increasing proportion of the population, and additional challenges follow from extreme living conditions, poverty, lack of parental care, and exposure to tuberculosis, HIV, pneumonia, diarrhoea and violent trauma. Imaging plays a critical role in the treatment of these children, but is expensive and difficult to provide. The World Health Organisation initiatives, of which the World Health Imaging System for Radiography (WHIS-RAD) unit is one result, needs to expand into other areas such as the provision of maintenance servicing. New initiatives by groups such as Rotary and the World Health Imaging Alliance to install WHIS-RAD units in developing countries and provide digital solutions, need support. Paediatric radiologists are needed to offer their services for reporting, consultation and quality assurance for free by way of teleradiology. Societies for paediatric radiology are needed to focus on providing a volunteer teleradiology reporting group, information on child safety for basic imaging, guidelines for investigations specific to the disease spectrum, and solutions for optimising imaging in children

Attracting the next generation of radiologists: a statement by the European Society of Radiology (ESR)

With demand increasing each year for diagnostic imaging and imaging guided interventions, it is important for the radiology workforce to expand in line with need. National and international societies such as the European Society of Radiology have an important role to play in showcasing the diversity of radiology, and highlighting the key role radiologists have in patient care and clinical decision-making to attract the next generation of radiologists. Medical students are an important group to engage with early. Meaningful exposure of undergraduates to radiology with an integrated programme and clinical placements in radiology is essential. Elective courses and dedicated 1-year Bachelor or Masters imaging programmes provide medical students with an opportunity for more in-depth study of radiology practice. Undergraduate radiology societies improve opportunities for engagement and mentorship. Innovations in imaging such as augmented-reality simulation and artificial intelligence and image-guided intervention also offer exciting training opportunities. Through these opportunities, students can gain insight into the wide variety of career opportunities in radiology

The first joint ESGAR/ ESPR consensus statement on the technical performance of cross-sectional small bowel and colonic imaging

Objectives: To develop guidelines describing a standardised approach to patient preparation and acquisition protocols for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) of the small bowel and colon, with an emphasis on imaging inflammatory bowel disease. Methods: An expert consensus committee of 13 members from the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR) and European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) undertook a six-stage modified Delphi process, including a detailed literature review, to create a series of consensus statements concerning patient preparation, imaging hardware and image acquisition protocols. Results: One hundred and fifty-seven statements were scored for agreement by the panel of which 129 statements (82 %) achieved immediate consensus with a further 19 (12 %) achieving consensus after appropriate modification. Nine (6 %) statements were rejected as consensus could not be reached. Conclusions: These expert consensus recommendations can be used to help guide cross-sectional radiological practice for imaging the small bowel and colon. Key points: • Cross-sectional imaging is increasingly used to evaluate the bowel • Image quality is paramount to achieving high diagnostic accuracy • Guidelines concerning patient preparation and image acquisition protocols are provided

Radiology

Radiology is the fastest developing field of medicine and these unprecedented advances have been mainly due to improving computer technology. Digital imaging is a technology whereby images are acquired in a computer format, so that they can be easily stored and recalled for display on any computer workstation. Digital image acquisition has been used in ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from the start. The use of digital imaging in conventional X-rays, known as Computed Radiography, has only recently become possible. Supercomputers now provide the speed required to rapidly process digital image data, while terabyte level storage media allow digital archiving of both radiological images and data. Ultrasound, CT and MRI have also improved immensely as a result of faster computing, which allows shorter exam times, higher image resolution with improved quality and new exam techniques including large field and realtime imaging, noninvasive angiography and dynamic motion studies. Other recent advances in radiology include new contrast agents, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanning and novel interventional techniques.peer-reviewe

Advances Of AI In Cancer Breast: Review

The breast imaging landscape has changed dramatically since the introduction of mammography in the 1960s, led by ultrasound and biopsies in the 1990s. The advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the 2000s added valuable features to advanced imaging. Multimodal and multiparametric imaging have established a central role in breast radiology and the management of breast problems. The transition from conventional radiology to digital radiology occurred in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, enabling advanced techniques such as digital breast tomosynthesis, contrast-enhanced mammography, and the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI). AI integration within breast radiology can improve diagnostic and surgical procedures. It includes computer-aided design (CAD) algorithms, surgical procedure support algorithms, and data processing algorithms. The CAD system, developed since the 1980s, improves cancer detection rates by fighting benign and malignant tumors. The role of radiologists will become that of clinical experts working with AI for effective patient care and the use of advanced multiparametric indicators in radiology. Wearable technologies, non-contrast MRI, and new modalities such as photoacoustic imaging can improve diagnostic imaging. Image-guided treatments, including cryotherapy and theranostics, are gaining ground. Theranostics, which combines treatment and diagnosis, offers the potential for precision medicine. AI, new treatments , and Advanced imaging will revolutionize breast radiology, providing more refined diagnosis and personalized treatment. Personalized monitoring, AI services and image-guided therapy will shape the future of breast radiology

Diversity of current ultrasound practice within and outside radiology departments with a vision for 20 years into the future: a position paper of the ESR ultrasound subcommittee

Ultrasound practice is a longstanding tradition for radiology departments, being part of the family of imaging techniques. Ultrasound is widely practiced by non-radiologists but becoming less popular within radiology. The position of ultrasound in radiology is reviewed, and a possible long-term solution to manage radiologist expectations is proposed. An international group of experts in the practice of ultrasound was invited to describe the current organisation of ultrasound within the radiology departments in their own countries and comment on the interaction with non-radiologists and training arrangements. Issues related to regulation, non-medical practitioners, and training principles are detailed. A consensus view was sought from the experts regarding the position of ultrasound within radiology, with the vision of the best scenario for the continuing dominance of radiologists practising ultrasound. Comments were collated from nine different countries. Variable levels of training, practice, and interaction with non-radiologist were reported, with some countries relying on non-physician input to manage the service. All experts recognised there was a diminished desire to practice ultrasound by radiologists. Models varied from practising solely ultrasound and no other imaging techniques to radiology departments being central to the practice of ultrasound by radiologists and non-radiologist, housed within radiology. The consensus view was that the model favoured in select hospitals in Germany would be the most likely setup for ultrasound radiologist to develop and maintain practice. The vision for 20 years hence is for a central ultrasound section within radiology, headed by a trained expert radiologist, with non-radiologist using the facilities. Critical relevance statement The future of ultrasound within the radiology department should encompass all ultrasound users, with radiologists expert in ultrasound, managing the ultrasound section within the radiology department. The current radiology trainees must learn of the importance of ultrasound as a component of the ‘holistic’ imaging of the patient. Key points: 1. Ultrasound imaging within radiology departments precedes the introduction of CT and MR imaging and was first used over 50 years ago. 2. Non-radiology practitioners deploy ultrasound examinations to either ‘problem solve’ or perform a comprehensive ultrasound examination; radiologists provide comprehensive examinations or use ultrasound to direct interventional procedures. 3. Radiology does not ‘own’ ultrasound, but radiologists are best placed to offer a comprehensive patient-focused imaging assessment. 4. A vision of the future of ultrasound within the radiology department is encompassing all ultrasound users under radiologists who are experts in ultrasound, positioned within the radiology department. 5. The current radiology trainee must be aware of the importance of ultrasound as a component of the ‘holistic’ imaging of the patient