Bibliography on access to plant genetic resources and intellectual property rights

Plant genetic resources constitute the biological foundation of humankind. Research systems and agricultural production also depend on them. Plant genetic resources result from natural evolution and human intervention, and are considered patrimony of the nations. Although their conservation, use and exchange are among the objectives of the Convention of Biological Diversity and have been recognized internationally, the threats against their safety continue to increase. This bibliography, which contains work published all over the world since 1984, intends to contribute to IPGRI's goal on plant genetic resources policy. It contains 433 references with local descriptors. The records are organized in 2 subjects-access to plant genetic resources (91) and intellectual property rights (342). It includes references on the status of intellectual property rights in several countries, the application of farmers' rights to local varieties and the consequences of limiting access in the development of seed production systems. Available in electronic form only as a Portable Document Format (PDF) file

Ethnobotanicals for management of the brown ear tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus in western Kenya

This thesis describes the results of a study to assess the effect of ethnobotanical products on the behaviour of the brown ear tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, the main vector of East Coast fever in sub-Saharan Africa. Ethnoknowledge of the Bukusu people in western Kenya on tick control and management was evaluated to identify plants that affect livestock ticks, using participatory action research approaches. More than 150 plant species spread over 110 genera and 51 families were identified and documented. From these, eight plants were selected and their essential oils extracted and used for screening in the laboratory on their behavioural effects on ticks. From these, the plants Tagetes minuta and Tithonia diversifolia were chosen for further studies. The essential oils of these two plants were further extracted and used in laboratory and field bioassays. From the laboratory assay, using a dual-choice apparatus, it was found that essential oils of both T. minuta and T. diversifolia affect tick climbing behaviour, representing a repellent response. Dose response effects were observed. On steers, differential effects to the essential oils were observed with R. appendiculatus, which prefer to feed mainly inside the ears of the host animal. It was found that treatment of the ear region with the essential oils of both T. minuta and T. diversifolia significantly deterred ticks from reaching the ear. The essential oils of T. minuta and T. diversifolia were evaluated in the field and significantly shown to affect R. appendiculatus and other ticks naturally attached to the host animals. The essential oil of T. minuta affects R. appendiculatus and other ticks more than the essential oil of T. diversifolia. The results suggest the potential for essential oils to be incorporated in the on-host “push” and “push-pull” strategy for the control and management of R. appendiculatus, other affected livestock ticks and associated tick-borne diseases among the resource-limited livestock farming community in tropical Africa. <br/

Research in Organic Farming

This book has emerged as a consequence of the difficulties we experienced in finding information when we first started researching. The goal was to produce a book where as many existing studies as possible could be presented in a single volume, making it easy for the reader to compare methods, results and conclusions. As a result, studies from countries such as Thailand, Spain, Sweden, Lithuania, Czech, Mexico, etc. have been brought together as individual chapters, and references to studies from other countries have been included in the overview chapters where possible. We believe that this opportunity to compare results from different countries will open a new perspective on the subject, allowing the typical characteristics of Organic Agriculture and Organic Food to be seen more clearly. Finally, we would like to thank the contributing authors and the staff at InTech for their efforts and cooperation during the course of publication. I sincerely hope that this book will help researchers and students all over the world to reach new results in the field of Organic Agriculture and Organic Food

George Argus’s list of Salix references

This bibliographical list, containing more than 3600 publications related to the genus Salix, was compiled by Dr. Argus during his long scientific career