68 research outputs found

    Dépistage et prévention de l'intoxication saturnine des jeunes enfants

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    Entre mouvements visuels et musicaux : les procédés rythmiques dans les "symphonies du monde" de Godfrey Reggio

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    Pierre Guariche designer-architecte d'intérieur (1926-1995) et les nouveaux programmes architecturaux issus de la croissance

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    This thesis puts forward a monographic approach to the career of Peter Guariche, designer-creator of French interior designer assemblies. The "Glorious thirty" represent a decisive turning point for this professional because they coincide with the beginning of industrialization in the furniture sector. The historical and political context explains his involveruent in the creation of full programs of articles intended to furnish standardized Reconstruction housing. He realizes that the mass production furniture, produced by industrial processes and at reasonable prices, can solve the effects of the failure of the policy of the French state, To adjust his "modem" furniture in the plan-type, it is inspired by the production of Arnerican designers and creates innovative standardized and rational objects on a technical and aesthetical level. ln 1954, he solicits Michel Mortier and Joseph-André Motte and creates with them L'Atelier de Recherches Plastiques. They understand that ail three young designers must unite around a common project: promoting their mass production furniture with manufacturers. Thereafter. each of them takes their independence and takes back their respective work. The ncw professional guidance of Pierre Guariche offers him the opportunity to collaborate on original interior architectural programs. stemming from the land use policy. This thesis deals with the social, political and economic contexts in which he practices, but also the facts and actors. which open up future areas to explore in the history of French design.Cette thèse propose une approche monographique du parcours professionnel de Pierre Guariche, décorateur-créateur d’ensembles-Architecte d'intérieur français. Les «Trente Glorieuses» représentent un tournant décisif chez ce professionnel car elles coïncident avec les débuts de l'industrialisation de la filière ameublement. Le contexte historique et politique explique son engagement dans la création de programmes complets d'objets destinés il meuble les logements standardisés de la Reconstruction. Il comprend que le mobilier de série, fabriqué par des procédés industriels et a des prix raisonnables. peut remédier aux effets de l'insuffisance de la politique de l'Etat français. Afin d'adapter son mobilier «moderne» au plan-type. il s'inspire dl' la production des designers américains et crée des objets rationnels normalisés et innovants sur le plan technique et esthétique. En 1954, il sollicite Michel Mortier et Joseph-André Motte, et crée avec eux l' Atelier de Recherches Plastiques. Ils comprennent tous les trois que les jeunes créateurs doivent se fédérer autour d'un projet commun: la promotion de leurs meubles de série auprès des industriels, Par la suite, chacun reprend son indépendance pour se consacrer à ses travaux respectifs. Les nouvelles orientations professionnelles de Pierre Guariche lui offrent la possibilité de collaborer à des programmes inédits d'architecture intérieure, nés de la politique d'aménagement du territoire. Cette thèse aborde donc le contexte social, politique et économique durant lequel il exerce son activité mais également des faits et des acteurs, ce qui ouvre de futurs champs à explorer dans l'histoire du design français

    Optimalisation des formes d'organisation dans l'industrie de la construction

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    A piece of work carried out by the construction industry, whether a building or a civil engineering project, is not a mass-produced item. It is always a unique piece of work, by dint of its response to the specific needs of the owner and its potential users, its integration or otherwise into a built environment, and its construction on ground whose geo-technical properties are always specific. This unique piece of work, carried out outside on a site subject to numerous hazards, must nevertheless meet the programme's fixed objectives first time round. Unfortunately, unlike most industrial products, it is usually, even nowadays, the outcome of a fragmented approach: designers and builders of the shell of the building and those engaged in the finishings are in fact involved in a segmented and sequential process, without any real interaction between the various disciplines, to the detriment of overall quality and the cost of the end-product. The author of this thesis has had the opportunity, in his professional career in the management of major construction companies, of testing most organisational forms in the sector. He has observed that, depending on the model chosen, they exercise a more or less beneficial effect on quality, costs and time-frames for completing the works, as well as on the capacity for innovation of the participants themselves. The first objective of the thesis was to analyse the strengths and weaknesses of the most common organisational models in the construction industry and to identify factors in the success of the construction process. The second objective was to suggest an original organisational model which would make optimum use of these factors, taking into account modern organisational theory and project management. The first section of the thesis is an historical study of organisational forms of construction from antiquity to the modern times, and examines in particular the relationships between those actively and directly involved (owner, designers and builders) and their relationships in turn with those involved indirectly (users, public administration, finance providers, environmental and heritage protection organisations, laws and standards, etc.). This historical perspective makes a useful contribution because, although much has been written on architecture and architects, especially the most famous among them, and sometimes on engineers, work looking systematically at the organisational forms used in the construction industry over the centuries is rare. This study demonstrates that the fragmented organisation of construction characteristic of the 20th century is merely an accident in the long history of construction; the twenty-five preceding centuries almost always favoured close collaboration between designers and builders and the wonderful works they left behind demonstrate the wisdom of this approach. Study of the history also provides us with a list of the main success factors and the demands to which the successful organisation of construction must respond. The second part endeavours to verify the relevance of the needs drawn, in the light of modern organisational theory, from project management and creativity, and to complete the list. It goes on to analyse on that basis the strengths and weaknesses of the organisational models most commonly used in the modern construction industry and demonstrates that organisation as a design and build, is in the best position at this stage in the research to meet the needs of owners. The third section verifies, through case studies of five pieces of work recently completed or under construction, whether this organisational model effectively satisfies the expectations of those involved in the construction project, simultaneously examining potential improvements. To that end, a series of interviews was conducted in each case study, with a view to eliciting the views of representative participants: owner, operator, user, project manager, architect, engineer and sub-contracting trades. The process was completed with an analysis of the attitude of some public sector owners to the design and build organisational model. Finally, the lessons drawn from these case studies were used to complete the list of success factors already identified. A final section sets out an original organisational model named Integrated Construction Management (ICM), which recommends an inter-disciplinary approach to construction and responds to the success factors identified in the first three sections. It involves a new division of the production process, which provides the owner with a broader and more cost-effective range of innovative architectural and construction options. It also delivers a series of practical recommendations to assist in the application of the proposed model. In conclusion, Integrated Construction Management places the owner at the centre of a transparent and progressive production process, simultaneously removing the majority of the risks involved in construction. Through its inter-disciplinary approach, it offers innovative solutions together with improvements to the overall quality of the piece of work itself on favourable economic terms. Finally, it enables the owner to take informed decisions and to use his or her financial resources as and when the feasibility of the project is confirmed. It is hoped that, as a result, these advantages will be demonstrated through pilot projects carried out using the ICM model, which will without doubt make possible further improvements in performance

    Analyse des constructions résidentielles intercalaires dans le tissu urbain traditionnel de l'arrondissement du Plateau-Mont-Royal à Montréal (1980-2004)

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    Ce mémoire de maîtrise a pour sujet d'étude les bâtiments résidentiels insérés dans le tissu urbain ancien d'un quartier ouvrier classique de Montréal. Le but de cette recherche est de mesurer l'impact d'une réglementation d'urbanisme chargée d'une idéologie patrimoniale sur la production architecturale d'un quartier. L'auteur montre, en analysant 142 insertions résidentielles s'étant opérées dans les limites de l'arrondissement du Plateau-Mont-Royal, que malgré une réglementation restrictive; plusieurs architectes ont réussi à innover et d'autres ont même été jusqu'à réinventer le plex montréalais. L'originalité de cette recherche repose sur son approche qualitative qui mesure l'objet architectural et non le contexte socioéconomique qui a donné naissance au phénomène du retour en ville. C'est l'une des rares recherches concernant spécifiquement la forme urbaine d'un quartier touché par le phénomène de la gentrification. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Plateau-Mont-Royal, Réglementation, Urbanisme, Architecture, Plex

    Для студентов дневной и заочной форм получения образования всех специальностей БНТУ

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    Цель учебных материалов – развитие навыков адекватной интерпретации французских научно-технических текстов, их аннотирования, реферирования и перевода. Материалы включают теоретические положения и практические задания, а также тексты для самостоятельной работы по различным специальностям всех факультетов БНТУ. Материалы предназначены для студентов дневного и заочного отделений. Они могут также использоваться для работы в группах магистрантов и соискателей
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