Effect Of Mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana) Peel Extract Towards CD8 + T Lymphocytes And CD8 + CD38 Expression In HIV Patients With Antiretroviral Therapy

ABSTRACT Background : HIV/AIDS still being an emerging disease and the AIDS epidemic in Indonesia is one of the fastest growing in Asia. Humans infected with HIV have been shown to be under chronic oxidative stress. Antioxidant, may have a role in the treatment of HIV infection. Experimental studies have shown that obtained xanthones from mangosteen have remarkable biological activities as antioxidant. Methods : 40 HIV-positive patients with antiretroviral therapy randomized and divided into two group; treatment group (n=20) and placebo group (n=20). Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) peel extract given in dose 3x800 mg for 30 days as same as placebo. The number of CD8 + T cells and CD8 + CD38 expression measures before and after treatment by FacsCalibur Becton-Dickinson flowcytometry. Results : There were no significant changes in the number of CD8 + T cells from baseline (p=0.601) and no significant differences changes of CD8 + T cells between extract group compare to placebo group (p=0.703). There were significant decrease in the level of of CD38 expression from baseline (p=0.001) but there were no significant differences from extract group compare to placebo group (p=0.495). Conclussion : Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) peel extract has no effects towards the number of CD8 + T lymphocytes and the level of CD8 + CD38 expression in HIV patients with antiretroviral therapy. Keywords : HIV, mangosteen peel extract, CD8 + T cells, CD8 + CD38 expression

Modelo de aorta aislada y su contribución a la Fitofarmacología

Desde principios de los años 50 hasta ahora la aorta torácica aislada ha sido un modelo tradicional y productivo para estudios farmacológicos. Este modelo experimental ha estado estrechamente relacionado con la investigación realizada por el Dr. Robert Furchgott. El descubrimiento de la función del endotelio en la vasodilatación inducida por la acetilcolina (ACh), representó un hito en las ciencias biológicas y también tuvo una consecuencia importante en la preparación de aorta aislada. En este trabajo se describe la técnica de aorta aislada y las mejoras realizadas en el laboratorio del Dr. Penna en la Facultad de Medina, Universidad de Chile, así como la contribución de investigadores mexicanos. Puesto que el endotelio juega un papel clave en la relajación vascular y su disfunción es uno de los primeros indicadores (biomarcadores) de enfermedad cardiovascular, el modelo de aorta aislada es una valiosa preparación. Teniendo en cuenta la gran cantidad de fitoquímicos presentes en muchas fuentes naturales como verduras, frutas y plantas medicinales, podemos esperar que este modelo continúe entregando importantes aportes al conocimiento en farmacología y fitofarmacología

A Recent Approach for Developing an Anti-malarial Phytomedicine

A reverse pharmacology approach to developing an anti-malarial phytomedicine is designed and implemented in Mali resulting in a new standardized herbal anti-malarial after six years of research. The first step is to select the remedy for development through a retrospective treatment. The second step is the dose-escalating clinical trial that showed a dose-response phenomenon and help the safe and most effective dose. The third step is to compare the phytomedicine in the first line treatment. The fourth step is to identify the active compound can used for standardization and quality control

An overview of anti-diabetic plants used in Gabon: Pharmacology and Toxicology

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Ethnopharmacological relevance: The management of diabetes mellitus management in African communities, especially in Gabon, is not well established as more than 60% of population rely on traditional treatments as primary healthcare. The aim of this review was to collect and present the scientific evidence for the use of medicinal plants that are in currect by Gabonese traditional healers to manage diabetes or hyperglycaemia based here on the pharmacological and toxicological profiles of plants with anti-diabetic activity. There are presented in order to promote their therapeutic value, ensure a safer use by population and provide some bases for further study on high potential plants reviewed. Materials and methods: Ethnobotanical studies were sourced using databases such as Online Wiley library, Pubmed, Google Scholar, PROTA, books and unpublished data including Ph.D. and Master thesis, African and Asian journals. Keywords including ‘Diabetes’ ‘Gabon’ ‘Toxicity’ ‘Constituents’ ‘hyperglycaemia’ were used. Results: A total of 69 plants currently used in Gabon with potential anti-diabetic activity have been identified in the literature, all of which have been used in in vivo or in vitro studies. Most of the plants have been studied in human or animal models for their ability to reduce blood glucose, stimulate insulin secretion or inhibit carbohydrates enzymes. Active substances have been identified in 12 out of 69 plants outlined in this review, these include Allium cepa and Tabernanthe iboga. Only eight plants have their active substances tested for anti-diabetic activity and are suitables for further investigation. Toxicological data is scarce and is dose-related to the functional parameters of major organs such as kidney and liver. Conclusion: An in-depth understanding on the pharmacology and toxicology of Gabonese anti-diabetic plants is lacking yet there is a great scope for new treatments. With further research, the use of Gabonese anti-diabetic plants is important to ensure the safety of the diabetic patients in Gabon.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Gone with transgenic cotton cropping in the USA

Available at http://www.pressesagro.be/base/text/v15n4/545.pdfInternational audienceThe 2010 Beltwide Cotton Conferences provided a new vision of the consequences of about 15 years of widespread and uncoordinated cropping of transgenic cotton in the United States. Insect-resistant and/or herbicide-tolerant cotton varieties modified parasite complexes, namely those of insects and weeds damaging cotton crops. The Conferences have revealed that the adaptation solutions so far proposed make illusory the expectations at the launch of transgenic cotton, in terms of effective pest control, cost reduction, and antagonism between chemical and biotech methods. The USA case points out that the technical and economic sustainability of transgenic varieties must lie in a systemic and coordinated approach

Treatment of Acute Bronchitis in Children with Pelargonium Sidoides

Bronchitis is one of the most common acute infections affecting pediatric patients. Most cases are caused by viral infections, do not respond to antibiotic therapy, and can take up to 14 days to resolve with supportive therapy. The purpose of this study is to determine if the use of Pelargonium Sidoides (Umcka™, EPs 7630) extract will decrease the duration and severity of symptoms from acute bronchitis in the pediatric population. Pelargonium Sidoides abstract is an extract of an African Geranium that has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. The review of the literature will evaluate multiple randomized controlled trials along with other studies that compare placebo, traditional supportive therapy and Pelargonium Sidoides extract to determine if the use of the extract will decrease severity and duration of illness without unacceptable side effects in the pediatric population. It has been demonstrated that providers will be able to safely advise patients to use Pelargonium Sidoides extract without any adverse side effects while helping to decrease the severity and duration of bronchitis symptoms in children. The finding indicate that routine use of Pelargonium Sidoides may give providers an alternative, effective and safe treatment that is well accepted by patients and caregivers for bronchitis in pediatric populations greater than one year of age compared to supportive therapyhttps://commons.und.edu/pas-grad-posters/1135/thumbnail.jp

Gone with transgenic cotton cropping in the USA. A perception of the presentations and interactions at the Beltwide Cotton Conferences, New Orleans (Louisiana, USA), 4-7/01/2010

The 2010 Beltwide Cotton Conferences provided a new vision of the consequences of about 15 years of widespread and uncoordinated cropping of transgenic cotton in the United States. Insect-resistant and/or herbicide-tolerant cotton varieties modified parasite complexes, namely those of insects and weeds damaging cotton crops. The Conferences have revealed that the adaptation solutions so far proposed make illusory the expectations at the launch of transgenic cotton, in terms of effective pest control, cost reduction, and antagonism between chemical and biotech methods. The USA case points out that the technical and economic sustainability of transgenic varieties must lie in a systemic and coordinated approach

Investigation of the effects of the essence and extract of Allium jesdianum on the activity of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes

Recent studies on the analgesic effects of Allium jesdianum herb across different types of pain including formalin test biphasic pain, have suggested the probability of effectiveness of the extract of this herb on cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX). In this study we investigated the effects of the essence and extract of A. jesdianum on COX-1 and COX-2 in human fresh blood. For this experimental study, A. jesdianum collected from Sefidkouh region in Khorramabad of Iran. Extract and essence (the leaves of the plant) were prepared at various concentrations 0.5-6 mg/ml and 0-100 mg/ml respectively. The percentage of activity of COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme was measured by percentage of production of TXB2 and PGE2. Solvents Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Phosphatebuffered saline (PBS) were used as control for comparing with extract or essence effects. Also indomethacin was used as a positive control. The extract (59 +/- 8.2; P0.05). Further, all doses of A. jesdianum essence inhibited the platelet aggregation (P<0.05). It can be stated that the essence and extract of A. jesdianum herb had inhibitory effects on COX-1 enzyme, where the extract was also able to inhibit platelet aggregation