Advancing Our Knowledge of ADHD in Latino Children: Psychometric and Cultural Properties of Spanish-Versions of Parental/Family Functioning Measures

The lack of available Spanish versions of assessment measures contributes to insufficient research and underutilization of mental health services for Latino children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Thus, the goal of the current study was to examine the psychometric and cultural properties of several Spanish versions of parental/family functioning measures commonly used in comprehensive ADHD assessments (i.e., the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, Alabama Parenting Questionnaire, and Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale). Participants included 68 Spanish-speaking, Latino parents in Southeast Wisconsin. In general, the Spanish translations of the measures demonstrated good reliability and validity. Furthermore, the psychometrically-sound measures were significantly related to acculturation as predicted, suggesting that the scales are not only psychometrically valid, but also culturally valid for use with Spanish-speaking, Latino families

Psychometric properties of an adapted version of the parental sense of competence (PSOC) scale for Portuguese at-risk parents

Parental sense of competence is one of the central dimensions targeted on psychosocial interventions aimed at supporting at-risk families. Researchers and practitioners need reliable instruments to assess the parental role adapted for these families. Although the Parental Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale has been frequently used to assess this construct, there is still no adapted version for Portuguese parents. In this study, the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the PSOC scale is examined with a clinical sample of 146 mothers from at-risk families receiving psychosocial interventions for family preservation from Child Protective Services. Results show that the Portuguese version of the PSOC measures three distinct constructs with acceptable psychometric properties: Efficacy, dissatisfaction, and controllability. As expected, the obtained factors were significantly and positively related to parenting alliance and family cohesion, and negatively associated with parenting stress. In sum, the proposed Portuguese version shows reliability and validity evidences to measure three relevant dimensions of parental self-evaluation, and it constitutes a cost- and time-effective instrument suited for at-risk mothers.Junta de Andalucí

A Escala de sentimento de competência parental (PSOC): características psicométricas numa amostra de mães e pais portugueses de famílias em risco psicossocial

As competências parentais percebidas são uma das dimensões da parentalidade mais relevante no âmbito das intervenções psicossociais e na avaliação do contexto familiar. Por este motivo é importante que investigadores e profissionais disponham de instrumentos de medida fiáveis, de fácil aplicação e adaptados à população em estudo. A Escala de Sentimento de Competência Parental (PSOC) é uma das mais utilizadas para medir o sentimento de eficácia e satisfação parental, existindo apenas uma validação portuguesa adaptada às famílias em risco. Além disso, existem diversos estudos que apontam soluções fatoriais diferentes, com uma grande disparidade sobre as propriedades psicométricas da escala. Neste estudo, avaliou-se o ajustamento do modelo de medida da PSOC, através da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória, numa amostra de mães e pais portugueses de famílias em risco psicossocial (N = 273). Os resultados mostraram que a solução de dois fatores, eficácia e satisfação, constituída por dez itens, estando divididos cinco itens por cada fator, revelou um ajustamento mais adequado e melhor fiabilidade compósita. Na sua generalidade, os resultados demonstram que os itens são homogéneos e que a escala mede consistentemente as características para a qual foi criada, comprovando as boas características psicométricas da PSOC versão reduzida.Parenting sense of competence are one of the most relevant parenting dimensions in the context of psychosocial interventions and in the evaluation of family contexts. For this reason, it is important that researchers and professionals have reliable measuring instruments, which are easy to apply and adapted to the study population. The parenting sense of competence (PSOC) scale is one of the most used to measure the feeling of parental efficacy and satisfaction, with only a Portuguese validation adapted to the families at risk. In addition, there are several studies that appoint different factorial solutions, with a great disparity over the psychometric properties of the scale. In this study, was evaluated the adjustment of the PSOC measurement model, through confirmatory factor analysis, in a sample of Portuguese mothers and fathers of families at psychosocial risk (N = 273). The results showed that the solution of two factors, efficacy and satisfaction, constituted by ten items, being divided five items per factor, revealed a more appropriate adjustment and better composite reliability. In general, the results showed the homogeneity of the items used and that the scale consistently measures the characteristics for which it was created, proving the good Psychometric characteristics of the PSOC reduced version

The enrich marital satisfaction scale: adaptation and psychometric properties among at-risk and community Portuguese parents

Marital satisfaction is a multidimensional construct that encompasses the satisfaction with marital interactions and with the emotional and the practical aspects of marriage. Marital satisfaction has a great impact on personal well-being and affects the family as a whole; low marital satisfaction has been associated with unhappiness and with higher divorce rates. Furthermore, marital satisfaction is related with family functioning and is an indicator of the quality of the parenting relationship. The Enrich Marital Satisfaction (EMS) scale is a two-factor and 15-items self-report measure that assesses satisfaction with the marital relationship. This study analysed the psychometric properties of the EMS among two samples: at-risk (N = 273, M = 37.05 years, 82.05% women) and community (N = 205, M = 38.38 years, 52.2% women) Portuguese parents. Participants completed the EMS and measures of parenting sense of competence, parenting stress, and parenting alliance. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the revised two-factor model obtained the best fit, after removing a few items. Measurement invariance across the two samples was demonstrated. The EMS showed good psychometric properties, namely internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity. The EMS is a time-efficient tool for both researchers and practitioners who need to assess marital satisfaction, a relevant dimension for family functioning and parenting.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Riding the Rapids: Living with autism or disability - An evaluation of a parenting support intervention for parents of disabled children

Evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to support parents of disabled children to manage their child's behaviour problems is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate a group-delivered intervention (Riding the Rapids) which was specifically developed for parents of a child with a disability or autistic spectrum condition. This programme has been routinely delivered by a community-based mental health team across an urban, multi-ethnic locality for a number of years. A non-randomised controlled study design comprising an intervention group (n = 48) and comparator (no intervention) group (n = 28) was used to evaluate the effects of the intervention on child behaviour (Eyberg Child Behaviour Inventory; parent-set goals) and parenting efficacy and satisfaction (Parents Sense of Competence Scale) at post-intervention and six-month follow-up. Data on costs to the service provider of delivering the intervention were also collected. Receipt of the intervention was associated with significant reductions in parent-reported behaviour problems and significant improvements in parenting efficacy and satisfaction. At six-month follow-up, progress towards achieving parent-set child behaviour goals and parenting satisfaction had been maintained. Post hoc analysis suggests parents who do not have English as a first language may not benefit as much as other parents from this intervention. Findings suggest this is a promising intervention for parents of a child with a disability that is likely to be less resource intensive to service providers than individually delivered interventions. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed

Psychometric Properties of the Traditional Chinese Version of the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths-Trauma Comprehensive

OBJECTIVE: To determine the internal consistency, construct validity, and scaling properties of the traditional Chinese version of the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths-Trauma Comprehensive (TC-CANS-Trauma). METHODS: 66 male and 62 female children, adolescents, and young adults aged 3 to 22 years who were referred to trauma treatment service were selected by convenience sampling. The original English version of the CANS-Trauma was translated to traditional Chinese by a medical professional, back-translated to English by a clinical psychologist, and then cross-checked by another psychologist to ensure consistency. Chinese wordings were adjusted to maintain the conceptual rather than literal meaning. Participants were assessed using the TC-CANS-Trauma as well as the traditional Chinese version of the Life Events Checklist (LEC), the Children's Impact of Event Scale-Revised (CHIES-R), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Impact Component (SDQ-Impact), and the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC). Internal consistency of eight primary domains of the TC-CANS-Trauma was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha. Construct (convergent and divergent) validity of five of these domains with the LEC, the CHIES-R, the SDQ-Impact, and the PSOC was assessed. Rasch modelling was used to evaluate the scaling properties of the eight primary domains of the TC-CANS-Trauma. RESULTS: Internal consistency of the eight primary domains of the TC-CANS-Trauma was satisfactory, with Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.63 to 0.90. Construct (convergent and divergent) validity of five of these domains with the LEC, the CHIES-R, the SDQ-Impact, and the PSOC was good. In Rasch modelling, most TC-CANS-Trauma domains showed good item separation values. Infit and outfit statistics of most domain items were <2 indicating good item fitness in their respective domains. For person separation, all domains of the TC-CANS-Trauma did not have a sufficient discriminability to identify high and low performers. CONCLUSIONS: The TC-CANS-Trauma is valid for comprehensive assessment of trauma-related domains among Hong Kong children and adolescents. Its ratings can be used to guide the levels of clinical intervention required. Clinicians are recommended to implement the TC-CANS-Trauma to facilitate trauma-informed practice in Hong Kong

Parenting sense of competence and associated factors among parents facing adversity in Norway: a cross-sectional study

Objective: Parenting sense of competence plays a central role in understanding the dynamics within a family and is central to positive parenting. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated parenting sense of competence among parents facing adversity. The study aimed to investigate self-reported parenting sense of competence (PSOC) and associated factors at individual, family, social and service levels among parents using a low threshold family service in Norway. Method: The study was based on a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2020. The sample consisted of 275 parents (83.3 % females, mean age 38 years). Linear regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounding factors, was conducted. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the mean values for mothers and fathers on the Efficacy and Satisfaction subscales of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale. Self-reported economic situation, symptoms of anxiety/depression, general health status, family functioning, social cohesion and support, and relationships with staff at the low-threshold service were all significantly associated with PSOC. However, no significant associations were found between PSOC and education level, cohabitation status, number of children, child age, substance abuse, or time spent at the low-threshold service. Conclusion: These findings highlight the complexity of factors influencing parental competence in populations facing adversities, underscoring the need for comprehensive approaches in parenting support programs. Tailored interventions targeting these determinants could significantly enhance the well-being of families facing adversities.publishedVersio

Parent and Family Outcomes of PEERS: A Social Skills Intervention for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Raising a child with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with increased family chaos and parent distress. Successful long-term treatment outcomes are dependent on healthy systemic functioning, but the family impact of treatment is rarely evaluated. The Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS) is a social skills intervention designed for adolescents with high-functioning ASD. This study assessed the impact of PEERS on family chaos, parenting stress, and parenting self-efficacy via a randomized, controlled trial. Results suggested beneficial effects for the experimental group in the domain of family chaos compared to the waitlist control, while parents in the PEERS experimental group also demonstrated increased parenting self-efficacy. These findings highlight adjunctive family system benefits of PEERS intervention and suggest the need for overall better understanding of parent and family outcomes of ASD interventions

Are parental changes related to improvements in preschool children's disruptive behaviors?

Objective: To investigate whether changes in parenting after behavioural parent training in routine clinical care are associated with improvements in preschool children's disruptive behaviours. Method: We evaluated changes after parent training in maternal and paternal self-reports of parental discipline practices parenting sense of competence, and parents' ratings of child disruptive behaviours in parents of 63 children, with a one group pretest–posttest design. We also compared parenting parameters in this clinical sample with a nonclinical sample (n = 121). Results: Mothers' self-reports of parental discipline practices and parenting sense of competence significantly improved after behavioural parent training. Less over-reactivity in both mothers and fathers was associated with fewer disruptive behaviours in children. After parent training, mothers' ratings of their discipline techniques did not differ anymore from those in the nonclinical sample. Conclusion: Positive changes in parental discipline practices, particularly less over-reactive parental behaviours, were related to a decrease of disruptive child behaviours

Program for Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills: Parental Outcomes with an ADHD Sample

The goal of the current study was to examine the effect of PEERS®, a 14-week parent-assisted friendship-building program for adolescents with ADHD, on parental functioning, quality of the parent-adolescent relationship, and family functioning. Participants included 25 parents (19 mothers, 6 fathers) of adolescents with ADHD. Families completed the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS®; Laugeson & Frankel, 2010). Measures of parenting stress, parental efficacy, parent-adolescent communication, parent-adolescent involvement, causal attributions for negative social interactions, and family chaos were completed by parents at pre and post-treatment. Parents demonstrated statistically significant improvements in parenting stress and parent-adolescent communication and marginally statistically significant improvement in parental efficacy. Parents also demonstrated statistically reliable change in measures of parenting stress, parent-adolescent communication, parent-adolescent involvement, and family chaos. Overall, these findings demonstrate the benefit of PEERS® at improving parental functioning, quality of the parent-adolescent relationship, and family functioning for families of adolescents with ADHD