日本医科大学研究業績年報 第58巻 平成23(2011年度)

日本医科大

専門語の諸問題

This book reports on surveys and considerations of technical terms from a variety of viewpoints. The contents are as follows:Chapter 1. Introduction: We described two approaches to the definition of “technical terms” and gave concrete evidence for the increase in the proportion of technical terms in modern Japanese.Chapter 2. International Comparison of Scientific Forms: We demonstrated quantitatively that the “distance” of scientific terms from basic vocabulary is greater in Japanese than in English in 10 specialized fields and showed that it was greater in Japanese than in German, French and Russian in the field of physics. We also examined the mutual comprehensibility of Chinese and Japanese technical terms and described the extent of their visual similarity.Chapter 3. Terminology in Private Enterprise: The results of this survey showed that the difference between business terms used in two different companies was greater than the difference among the terms used by the various strata and specialized fields within each company. In addition, we noted the emergence of “company dialects” and showed that while the standardization of machine names has spread, there is still a tendency for older speakers to use the common machine names.Chapter 4. Vocabulary and Sentence Structure in Technical Texts: We estimated the percentage of technical terms in 8 fields including chemistry, sports, cooking, etc., and compared features of sentences in technical texts (explanatory discourse) with those in novels and movie scripts.Chapter 5. Technical Terms Excluded from Dictionaries: We demonstrated that a large number of words frequently used in technical texts are not listed in dictionaries of technical terms, giving examples from mechanical engineering, and described the lexical composition of technical terms in this field.Chapter 6. Changes in Technical Terms: We noted the instability in the use of Chinese loan words for technical terms in engineering which were translated in the Meizi Period, due to the tendency to use GAIRAIGO ‘European (in most cases English) loan words\u27, for technical terms in this field. In contrast, sports terms were stable, because the use of GAIRAIGO has always been high for technical sports terms.Appendix: List of the Technical Research Texts Used in this StudySupplementary Tables:1. Contrastive Table of Scientific Terms in English and Japanese2. Cross Reference Listing of the Scientific Terms in Glossaries of Mechanical EngineeringMIYAZIMA Tatuo directed this research

テレビ放送の語彙調査 2 語彙表

The purpose of this survey is to elucidate the actual conditions of vocabulary used in television broadcasts and addresses the following questions: what kind of words are used, how are words used, and how frequently are words used. A detailed description of the survey methodology is presented in Vocabulary Survey of Television Broadcasts 1: Methods, Sampling, Analysis (Report 112). The present volume provides several types of vocabulary lists, which specify the nature of the use of each vocabulary item found in the individual samples surveyed. A lexicological analysis of the data found in these lists is provided in the continuing report.The vocabulary used in 364 randomly-chosen five-minute samples (a total broadcast time of 30 hours and 20 minutes, including both programs and commercials) is summarized in the vocabulary lists provided in this volume. Data is given for a total of 26,033 words, separated according whether they were used on programs or commercials, and in audio (spoken) or visual (written) form. The data give the actual frequency with which the words appear in the actual samples, rather than an estimate of the frequency with which they appear in the population. At present, this research is in a preliminary, exploratory stage and represents the first systematic survey of vocabulary used in Japanese television broadcasts.The vocabulary lists presented in this report are as follows:(1) Vocabulary used in programs(2) Frequency list for audio (spoken) words used on television programs(3) Frequency list for visual (written) words used on television programs(4) Frequency list according to program genre (audio)(5) Frequency list according to program genre (visual)(6) Frequency list of audio (spoken) words according to channel(7) Frequency list of visual (written) words according to channel(8) Frequency list of audio (spoken) words according to day of the week(9) Frequency list of visual (written) words according to day of the week(10) Frequency list of audio (spoken) words according to time band(11) Frequency list of visual (written) words according to time band(12) Frequency list of audio (spoken) words according to program length(13) Frequency list of visual (written) words according to program length(14) Frequency list of audio (spoken) words according to viewer ratings(15) Frequency list of visual (written) words according to viewer ratings(16) Frequency list of audio (spoken) words according to sex of speaker(17) Frequency list of visual (written) words according to type of medium(18) List of vocabulary used in commercials(19) Frequency list of audio (spoken) words in commercials(20) Frequency list of visual (written) words in commercialsInvestigators: NAKANO Hirosi, ISII Masahiko, ÔSIMA Motoo, YAMAZAKI Makoto, ONUMA Et