EARLY TITHONIAN DEEP-WATER COLONIZATION BY BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA IN THE MAGURA BASIN (PIENINY KLIPPEN BELT, WESTERN CARPATHIANS): A CLUE TO THE ORIGINS OF DEEP-WATER FORAMINIFERA.

Deep-water benthic foraminifera were reported from lower Tithonian abyssal deposits lying above a barren interval of radiolarites in the Magura Basin (Western Carpathians). The analysis of morphogroups shows that the assemblage is represented by increased globular chambered morphogroups of both agglutinated and calcareous benthic foraminifera and planoconvex calcareous benthic foraminifera. The composition of the benthic foraminiferal assemblage points to a stressed setting particularly occurring in environments with increased organic flux and depleted oxygen in bottom and pore waters, as indicated by the scarcity of strictly epifaunal agglutinated foraminifera and the absence of strictly epifaunal calcareous benthic foraminifera. The assemblage is compared with Oxfordian – Tithonian assemblages reported from deep-water facies and shelf assemblages from the Boreal, Tethys and Atlantic realms

Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep boulders from Novaya Zemlya and their faunas

The paper describes Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous seep carbonate boulders from the Russian Arctic island of Novaya Zemlya, collected in 1875 by A.E. Nordenskiöld during his expedition to Siberia. The carbonates are significantly depleted in heavy carbon isotopes (δ13C values as low as ca. − 40‰) and show textures typical for carbonates formed under the influence of hydrocarbons, such as fibrous carbonate cements and corrosion cavities. The rocks contain index fossils of Late Oxfordian–Early Kimmeridgian, Late Tithonian (Jurassic) and latest Berriasian–Early Valanginian (Cretaceous) age. The fossil fauna is species rich and dominated by molluscs, with subordinate brachiopods, echinoderms, foraminifera, serpulids and ostracods. Most of the species, including two chemosymbiotic bivalve species, likely belong to the ‘background’ fauna. Only a species of a hokkaidoconchid gastropod, and a possible abyssochrysoid gastropod, can be interpreted as restricted to the seep environment. Other seep faunas with similar taxonomic structure are suggestive of rather shallow water settings, but in case of Novaya Zemlya seep faunas such structure might result also from high northern latitude

Overview of microfossil assemblages and palaeoecological signatures in the Middle-Upper Jurassic transitional successions from the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal

As séries associadas à desconformidade Jurássico médio-Jurássico superior na Bacia Lusitânica (Portugal), em especial as da formação de Cabaços (Oxfordiano), contêm ricas associações de microfósseis. Estas são constituídas, especialmente, por ostracodos e carófitas, mas também por foraminíferos bentónicos, dasicladáceas, cianobactérias, Incertae-sedis e palinomorfos. Estudos pormenorizados recentes, abrangendo diversas zonas da bacia, permitiram melhorar significativamente os conhecimentos relativos à Sistemática dos diferentes grupos, em particular dos ostracodos e das carófitas, bem como reconhecer associações com significado paleoecológico, da base para o topo das sequências. As associações reconhecidas mostram variações na diversidade e na abundância relativa, as quais parecem estar relacionadas com o teor e a frequência de variação da salinidade e com o grau de exposição subaérea. A conjugação dos resultados micropaleontológicos com os da análise de fácies, à escala bacinal, demonstrou que a evolução dos paleoambientes e as assinaturas paleoecológicas regionais, claramente relacionadas, definem dois padrões, um característico da região oeste e outro da região leste da bacia. Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma síntese dos principais resultados relativos a ostracodos, foraminíferos, dasiciadáceas e carófitas e fazem-se considerações palcobiogeográficas e biostratigráficas. As associações de fácies e respectiva distribuição na bacia são também sucintamente referidas

Marine Mesozoic Biostratigraphy of the Neuquén Basin

The marine Mesozoic of the Neuquen Basin in central west Argentina is characterized by ammonites and other invertebrates, especially bivalves, brachiopodes and calcareous microfossils. On that basis, Upper Triassic to Oxfordian, and Tithonian to Barremian have been divided in 39 and 18 ammonite assemblage / zones respectively, corresponding to 15 and 4 for bivalves, 15 and 2 for bra- chiopods and 11 and 9 for microfossils.El Mesozoico marino de la Cuenca de Neuquén, en el centro oeste argentino, se caracteriza por ammonites y otros invertebrados, tales como bivalvos, braquiópodos y microfósiles calcáreos. Sobre esta base, las unidades del Triásico Superior - Oxfordiano y la del Tithoniano - Barremiano, se han dividido en 39 y 18 zonas de grupos de ammonites, los que a su vez, corresponden respectivamente a 15 y 4 zonas de bivalvos, 15 y 2 de braquiópodos, y 11 y 9 zonas de microfósiles.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Ostracod biostratigraphy in the Lower Cretaceous of the Iberian chain (eastern Spain)

Lower Cretaceous ostracod associations (marine and nonmarine) have been studied from 34 sections of the Iberian chain or, geologically spoken, the Iberian basin (eastern Spain), in order to contribute to the chronostratigraphic correlation of the various predominantly nonmarine lithostratigraphic units in the Cameros, Maestrazgo, and South Iberian sub-basins (and the Central Iberian high in between). We have combined 87 ostracod species from 22 genera to 11 associations, each typical for certain stratigraphic levels (mostly stages) and ecologies. Nonmarine associations (dominated by the genera Cypridea and Theriosynoecum) prevailed from the Berriasian to the Barremian interval, whereas marine-brackish associations (much more diverse on the generic level) prevailed during the Aptian and Albian, and to a lesser extent during the Berriasian and Barremian. In most cases, our new ostracod data are consistent with previous correlative charts, as based upon other biostratigraphic data, mainly from charophytes, but also from few marine fossils in marine intercalations, and on depositional sequence stratigraphy. But in a few cases, our results are more or less different from those of established charts, namely in the eastern Cameros sub-basin (the Urbión group considered Late Berriasian in age instead of Valanginian-Barremian, and the Enciso group considered Late Valanginian-Barremian instead of Late Barremian-Aptian), in the northeastern Maestrazgo sub-basin (the Polacos Formation considered Late Berriasian-Early Hauterivian instead of Late Berriasian only), and in the uppermost part of the Lower Cretaceous in the South Iberian sub-basin (the Contreras and El Caroig Formations considered Albian instead of Aptian). Finally, we evaluate the usability of ostracod biostratigraphy in the Lower Cretaceous of eastern Spain and conclude that, if treated with great care especially under consideration of the biogeography and reproduction/dispersal strategies of the various groups, it should be given priority over pure lithostratigraphic correlations in conflicting cases.Las asociaciones de ostrácodos del Cretácico Inferior (marino y no marino) han sido estudiadas en 34 secciones de la cadena Ibérica, o en términos geológicos, la cuenca Ibérica (este de España) con el fin de contribuir a la correlación cronoestratigráfica de las variadas unidades, predominantemente no marinas, de las subcuencas de Cameros, Maestrazgo y Suribéricas (así como el alto Centroibérico intermedio). Hemos descrito 87 especies de ostrácodos pertenecientes a 22 géneros e incluidos en 11 asociaciones, cada una de ellas características de un determinado nivel estratigráfico (pisos sobre todo) y con una paleoecología concreta. Las asociaciones no marinas (dominadas por los géneros Cypridea y Theriosynoecum) prevalecieron desde el Berriasiense hasta el Barremiense, mientras que las asociaciones marinas-estuarinas (mucho más diversificadas a nivel genérico) se desarrollaron durante el Aptiense y Albiense, y en un grado menor, durante el Berriasiense y Barremiense. En la mayoría de los casos, nuestros nuevos datos de los ostrácodos son consistentes con los esquemas de correlación previos, basados en otros datos bioestratigráficos, sobre todo en charofitas, aunque también en los pocos fósiles presentes en las intercalaciones marinas, así como en la estratigrafía secuencial. Sin embargo, en algunos casos nuestros resultados son más o menos diferentes de los esquemas establecidos, sobre todo para la subcuenca oriental de Cameros (el Grupo Urbión es considerado de edad Valanginiense Superior-Barremiense, en lugar de Barremiense Superior-Aptiense), en la subcuenca nordoriental del Maestrazgo (la Formación Polacos es considerada Berriasiense Superior-Hauteriviense Inferior, en lugar de solo Berriasiense Superior) y en la parte superior del Cretácico Inferior en la subcuenca Suribérica (las Formaciones Contreras y El Caroig son consideradas del Albiense en lugar del Aptiense). Finalmente evaluamos la utilidad de la bioestratigrafía basada en los ostrácodos en el Cretácico Inferior del este de España y concluimos en que, si se trata con cuidado y se toma en consideración la biogeografía y las estrategias de reproducción/dispersión de los diferentes grupos, en caso de conflicto se debería dar prioridad a la bioestratigrafía de ostrácodos sobre las correlaciones puramente litoestratigráficas

Environmental and climatic proxies for the Cañadón Asfalto and Neuquén basins (Patagonia, Argentina): review of middle to upper jurassic continental and near coastal sequences

In this review, we include several proxies (sedimentology, palynology, invertebrates) from the Cañadón Asfalto and Neuquén basins, to infer the environments and regional climatic context during the Middle to Late Jurassic of Patagonia. In central Patagonia, early in the Middle Jurassic, and associated with a magmatic arc, began the sedimentary fi lling of Jurassic continental sub-basins in the Cañadón Asfalto Basin. Lacustrine and fl uvio-deltaic sediments, bearing a continental Middle Jurassic palynobiota, correspond to the Las Chacritas Member, while the sediments and palynobiota from the Late Jurassic Puesto Almada Member (both in the Cañadón Asfalto Formation) indicate a palustrine wetland subenvironment immersed within an arid macroenvironment. Paleoinvertebrates (conchostracans and sponges) of this formation suggest wet-dry cycles in the water bodies they inhabited. The sedimentological information together with the continental and coastal palynomorph assemblages of the back arc Neuquén Basin, allowed distinguishing a complete regressive-transgressive sequence for the Middle Jurassic Lajas Formation. For the Upper Jurassic in this basin, the thick gypsum and anhydrite deposits of the evaporitic coastal Auquilco Formation correlate with extended deposits of eolian sandstones corresponding to the Botucatú paleodesert, and a saltmarsh environment is inferred from the palynofl ora. The palynologic associations from both basins indicate a regional warm climate with seasonal aridity. Climatic conditions would have been drier in the continental interior (Cañadón Asfalto Basin), with strongly seasonally distributed temperatures, and moister in the western coast of the continent (Neuquén Basin), during the marine transgressions.Na presente revisão foram incluídos vários proxies (sedimentologia, palinologia, invertebrados), das bacias de Cañadón Asfalto e Neuquén, para inferir o contexto climático regional e ambiental durante o Jurássico Médio e Superior da Patagônia. Na região central da Patagônia, no início do Jurássico Médio, e associado a um arco magmático, começou o preenchimento sedimentar de sub-bacias continentais jurássicas na bacia Cañadón Asfalto. Os sedimentos flúvio-deitaico e lacustres, tendo uma palinobiota continental do Jurássico Médio correspondente ao Membro Las Chacritas, enquanto os sedimentos e a palinobiota do Jurássico Superior do Membro Puesto Almada (ambos na Formação Cañadón Asfalto) indicam um subambiente palustre úmido imerso em um macroambiente árido. Os paleoinvertebrados (conchostráceos e esponjas) desta formação sugerem ciclos úmidos-secos nos corpos de água por eles habitados. A informação sedimentológica juntamente com as assembleias de palinomorfos continentais e costeiros do “back arc” da bacia Neuquén permitiu distinguir uma sequência completa regressiva-transgressiva para o Jurássico Médio da Formação Lajas. Para o Jurássico Superior, os depósitos de anidrita e gesso espessos da Formação Auquilco costeira evaporítica correlacionam-se com depósitos extensos de arenitos eólicos correspondentes ao paleodeserto Botucatu. Um ambiente “saltmarsh” é inferido a partir da palinoflora. As associações palinológicas de ambas as bacias indicam um clima regional quente com aridez sazonal. As condições climáticas teriam sido mais secas no interior continental (bacia Cañadón Asfalto), com temperaturas fortemente distribuídas de forma sazonal, e úmidas na costa ocidental do continente (bacia de Neuquén), durante as transgressões marinhas.Fil: Volkheimer, Wolfang. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Quattrocchio, Mirta Elena. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cabaleri, Nora Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotopica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica; ArgentinaFil: Narvaez, Paula Liliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Rosenfeld, U.. Westfälische Wilhelms-universität Münster; AlemaniaFil: Scafati, Laura Haydee. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ; ArgentinaFil: Melendi, Daniel Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ; Argentin

Biostratigraphic and Paleoenvironmental Significance of Jurassic Microfossils From Romania.

Foraminifera and ostracods from eight measured sections and three wells located in Romania (Apuseni Mountains, central Carpathian and foreland units) were analyzed. Major Jurassic microfaunal evolutionary events are recorded and biozonations of regional value, based on assemblage zones, are established for the Toarcian of the Apuseni Mountains and the Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian of the Scythian Platform. Microfauna has been calibrated to ammonite zones in the Bratca and Munteana sections, and the Caraorman West F11/7 well. Criteria such as (1) presence/absence of large benthic foraminifera with complex internal structure, (2) paleobiogeographic affinities of smaller foraminifera and ostracods, and (3) distribution of important lithofacies indicate a north Tethyan location for the central Carpathian and foreland units during the Sinemurian-Oxfordian interval. A similar location is assigned during the Lias to the Apuseni Mountains, with evidence for a somewhat more southern position with respect to the central Carpathian units. Paleobiogeographic evidence for a southern drift of the Tisia plate begins to appear during the Oxfordian, supporting the hypothesis that the main Tethyan suture is located between the Apuseni Mountains and the Eastern and Southern Carpathians. Microfaunal evidence also indicates that if during the Triassic the Tisia plate was located on the southern margin of the Paleo-Tethys, this ocean must have closed by Early Jurassic. Depositional environments ranging from inner to outer neritic are identified based on sedimentologic data and microfaunal parameters (diversity, heterogeneity, abundance, percentage of foraminifera fragmentation, rate of faunal change). A sequence stratigraphic framework is established for most sections; inferred relative sea-level variation curves are generally similar to eustatic curves proposed by other authors. Important dysaerobic intervals were identified in the early Toarcian of the Apuseni Mountains and the late Bathonian of the Scythian Platform. Major sea-level rises are recognized during the late Sinemurian, early Toarcian, late Bajocian, late Bathonian, and middle Oxfordian. Models for the paleobathymetric distribution of main microfaunal species are established for the Toarcian and Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian using quantitative analysis to identify biofacies and interpreting the latter according to the identified environments

Some charophytes from the middle dinosaur member of the Tendaguru formation (Upper Jurassic of Tanzania)

Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the famous dinosaur beds of Tendaguru Formation, Tanzania, East Africa are still under discussion. Calcareous microfossils have not yet contributed to this question. Four samples from the Middle Dinosaur Member have now yielded charophyte gyrogonites of the species Aclistochara cf. bransonii, Aclistochara cf. minor, Mesochara canellata, and Mesochara harrisi. Considering ammonite datations in under- and overlying members, even their long stratigrapical ranges point to a Kimmeridgian age for the Middle Dinosaur Member of Tendaguru Formation. Salinity tolerances of the species (if autochthonous) suggest a variable environment with partly brackish, partly freshwater influences. Biostratigraphie und Paläoökologie der berühmten Dinosaurier-Fundschichten am Tendaguru Hill in Tansania (Ostafrika) sind bis heute umstritten. Kalkige Mikrofossilien hatten zu dieser Diskussion bisher nicht beigetragen. In vier Proben aus dem Mittleren Dinosauriermergel fanden sich nun Charophyten-Gyrogonite der Arten Aclistochara cf. bransonii, Aclistochara cf. minor, Mesochara canellata und Mesochara harrisi. Trotz generell langer stratigraphischer Reichweiten dieser Arten macht ihr Vorkommen im Zusammenhang mit Ammonitenfunden in unter- und überlagernden Schichten ein Kimmeridgium-Alter des Mittleren Dinosauriermergels wahrscheinlich, während ihre Salinitätstoleranzen (autochthones Vorkommen vorausgesetzt) auf ein wechselhaftes Milieu mit teils schwach brackischen, teils Süßwassereinflüssen hindeuten. doi:10.1002/mmng.1999.4860020115</a