186,292 research outputs found

    Understanding Cross-Conjugation for Organic Electronics

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    ComunicaciĂłn a congresopi-Conjugated organic molecules have been the focus of interest since they have been probed as potential semiconducting materials,[1] suitable for replacing the widely used silicon technologies. Their structural, optical and conductive properties are now under study to improve their application in organic electronics and to make possible their ad hoc synthesis. In this sense, the knowledge of the pi-electron delocalization is crucial to stablish the relation between the properties and the function, enabling the development of a synthesis guide based on the specific application. The most acknowledged conjugated organic materials are those which present extended, linearlyconjugated pi-systems. [1,2] However, this is not the only way of pi-electron delocalization: homoconjugation, cross-conjugation, curved-conjugation, etc. constitute different electronic designs to achieve new organic materials. There is a relative high abundance in the organic world of cross-conjugated but limited comprehension. [1,2,3] Thus, the understanding of how cross-conjugation works in -electronic systems is of importance. Following this idea, in this project we show 4 different structures which present two perpendicular pi-conjugated paths and how the cross-conjugated property is revealed. On the one hand, two molecules based on thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione quaterthiophenes[2,3] allow us toaccomplish the subject from the aromatic/quinoidal outlook, and, on the other hand, two molecules with an anthanthrone core make possible the study from the perspective of the substituent groups. [4]Universidad de MĂĄlaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional AndalucĂ­a Tech

    Functional organic materials for electronics industries

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    Topics closely related with organic, high molecular weight material synthesis are discussed. These are related to applications such as display, recording, sensors, semiconductors, and I.C. correlation. New materials are also discussed. General principles of individual application are not included. Materials discussed include color, electrochromic, thermal recording, organic photoconductors for electrophotography, and photochromic materials

    Bias-induced insulator-metal transition in organic electronics

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    We investigate the bias-induced insulator-metal transition in organic electronics devices, on the basis of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model combined with the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism. The insulator-metal transition is explained with the energy levels crossover that eliminates the Peierls phase and delocalizes the electron states near the threshold voltage. This may account for the experimental observations on the devices that exhibit intrinsic bistable conductance switching with large on-off ratio.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Applied Physics Letter

    Transient Absorption and Raman Spectroscopies in Organic Electronics

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    Raman spectroscopy has proved to be a very valuable tool for characterization in a large number of research fields, both biological, chemical and material sciences.[1] In the last decades, organic electronics has broken out as a real alternative to conventional electronics, based on inorganic materials. However, in order to advance significantly in this field of research is paramount the full characterization of electronic devices, going from the individual molecule to the system as a whole. Moreover, the study of photophysical and photochemical processes crosses the interest of many fields of research in physics, chemistry and biology. Among the experimental approaches developed for this purpose, the advent of ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy has become a powerful and widely used method.[2,3] This pump-probe technique is a popular means of studying photophysics, because of its versatile time resolution and its ease of comparison with ground-state absorption spectra. In this communication, I will present the basic principles of transient absorption spectroscopy, along with some examples where its combination with Raman spectroscopy allows the great characterization of organic molecules with potential applications in organic electronics.[4,5] References [1] H. Schulz, M. Baranska, R. Baranski. Biopolymers 2005, 77, 212 - 221. [2] U. Megerle, I. Pugliesi, C. Schriever, C.F. Sailer, E. Riedle. Appl. Phys. B, 2009, 96, 215 - 231. [3] R. Berera, R. van Grondelle, J.T.M. Kennis. Photosynth. Res. 2009, 101, 105 - 118. [4] E. Anaya-Plaza, M. Moreno Oliva, A. Kunzmann, C. Romero-Nieto, R.D. Costa, A. de la Escosura, D.M. Guldi, T. Torres. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2015, 25, 7418 - 7427. [5] F. Liu, G.L. Espejo, S. Qiu, M. Moreno Oliva, J. Pina, J.S. Seixas de Melo, J. Casado, X. Zhu. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 10357 - 10366.Universidad de MĂĄlaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional AndalucĂ­a Tech

    Understanding charge transport in organic field effect transistors

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    The organic electronics research field has advanced tremendously in the last decades, having already led to field-effect mobilities able to compete with their inorganic counterparts. However, many fundamental aspects of this field remain still unclear and need to be clarified before its final blossoming, which would probably come with the complete understanding of the charge transport mechanism in organic materials. It is well-known that the performance of organic semiconductors is governed not only by their molecular structures but also by their intermolecular assembly in the solid state. Therefore, analyzing organic materials from both a molecular and supramolecular point of view is highly desirable. For this end, Raman spectroscopy is a rapid, non invasive technique able to gather information on molecular and supramolecular levels, thus being greatly useful in the organic electronics research field. Analyzing buried interfaces, such as the semiconductor-dielectric interface in organic field effect transistors (OFETs) is fundamental, since the largest contribution to charge transport occurs within the first few nanometers of the semiconductor near the dielectric interface. Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) appears as an easy and straightforward technique to carry out this task and to provide useful information on molecular orientation at the device active layer. In this communication, some examples will be presented in which several spectroscopic techniques, conventional Raman and SERS, supported by DFT quantum chemical calculations have been used to shed light on the mechanism of charge transport in OFETs.Universidad de MĂĄlaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional AndalucĂ­a Tech

    The quest for electronic ferroelectricity in organic charge-transfer crystals

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    Organic ferroelectric materials are in demand in the growing field of environmentally friendly, lightweight electronics. Donor-Acceptor charge transfer crystals have been recently proposed as a new class of organic ferroelectrics, which may possess a new kind of ferroelectricity, the so-called electronic ferroelectricity, larger and with faster polarity switching in comparison with conventional, inorganic or organic, ferroelectrics. The current research aimed at achieving ambient conditions electronic ferroelectricity in organic charge transfer crystals is shortly reviewed, in such a way to evidence the emerging criteria that have to be fulfilled to reach this challenging goal.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures. Proceedings of "2018 SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING SUMMIT AND EXHIBITION

    Interface engineering for organic electronics : manufacturing of hybrid inorganic-organic molecular crystal devices

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    Organic semiconductors are at the basis of Organic Electronics. Objective of this dissertation is “to fabricate high-quality organic molecular single-crystal devices”, to explore the intrinsic properties of organic semiconductors. To achieve this, the in situ fabrication of complete field-effect transistors by direct deposition of metal contacts and oxide gate\ud dielectrics on the surface of free-standing pentacene single-crystals at room temperature (with the ‘quasi-dynamic stencil deposition’ technique in pulsed laser deposition) is selected as main approach.\ud First, the structure of vapor-grown pentacene single-crystals is investigated. The observed morphology shows step flow is the dominant crystal growth mechanism. For pentacene, the most common oxidation product and largest impurity present is 6,13-pentacenequinone. It is observed that this quinone is preferentially located as a thin monolayer (partly) covering the crystal surface. In order to remove the quinones selectively, the partly-oxidized crystals are heated in vacuum at a fixed temperature overnight.\ud Next, the direct deposition of various materials through a stencil on the pentacene singlecrystal surface by PLD is investigated. By taking several precautions in the process, lowkinetic energy deposition or ‘soft-landing’ was achieved. Smooth and isolated patterns with a well-defined geometry were successfully deposited, without obvious destruction of the fragile substrate. The terraced structure of the underlying pentacene substrate is often still noticeable on top of the patterned features. A series of gold patterns is deposited on silicon oxide and pentacene single-crystals; the results show that the growth evolution of the surface roughness is similar on both kinds of substrates.\ud Finally, the influence of the deposition parameters applied in the device fabrication and performing a heat treatment on the electrical properties of pentacene single-crystals is investigated, by characterizing space-charge-limited current and field-effect transistor devices fabricated on the surface of pentacene single-crystals

    Conjugated Polymers for Organic Electronics: Structural and Electronic Characteristics

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    The use of organic materials to design electronic devices has actually presented a broad interest for because they constitute an ecological and suitable resource for our current "electronic world". These materials provide several advantages (low cost, light weight, good flexibility and solubility to be easily printed) that cannot be afforded with silicium. They can also potentially interact with biological systems, something impossible with inorganic devices. Between these materials we can include small molecules, polymers, fullerenes, nanotubes, graphene, other carbon-based molecular structures and hybrid materials. Actually these materials are being used to build electronic structures into electronic devices, like organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic solar cells (OSCs), and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), constituting and already commercial reality. Some of them are used on a widespread basis1, and are the focus of some recent researches in molecules2,3 and polymers4-6 suitable for these purposes. In this study we analyze the electronic and molecular characteristics of some different π-conjugated structures in order to evaluate their potential as semiconducting materials for organic electronics. For this purpose we focus on the study of conjugated polymers with different backbones configurations: (i) donor-acceptor configuration, (ii) 1D lineal or 2D branched conjugated backbones, and (iii) encapsulated polymers. To achieve this goal, we use a combined experimental and theoretical approach that includes electronic spectroscopies (i.e., absorption, emission and microsecond transient absorption), vibrational Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations. These structural modifications are found to provoke a strong impact on the HOMO and LUMO levels and the molecular morphology, and, consequently, on their suitability as semiconductors in organic electronic applications.References 1. S. R. Forrest, M. E. Thompson. Chem. Rev., 2007, 107, 923 2. R. C. GonzĂĄlez-Cano, G. Saini, J. Jacob, J. T. LĂłpez Navarrete, J. Casado and M. C. Ruiz Delgado. Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 17165 3. J. L. Zafra, R. C. GonzĂĄlez-Cano, M. C. Ruiz Delgado, Z. Sun, Y. Li, J. T. LĂłpez Navarrete, J. Wu and J. Casado. J. Chem. Phys. , 2014, 140, 054706 4. M. Goll, A. Ruff, E. Muks, F. Goerigk, B. Omiecienski, I. Ruff, R. C. GonzĂĄlez-Cano, J. T. LĂłpez Navarrete, M. C. Ruiz Delgado, S. Ludwigs. Beilstein J. Org. Chem., 2015, 11, 335. 5. D. Herrero-Carvajal, A. de la Peña, R. C. GonzĂĄlez-Cano, C. Seoane, J. T. LĂłpez Navarrete, J. L. Segura, J. Casado, M. C. Ruiz Delgado, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2014, 118, 9899. 6. M. Scheuble, Y. M. Gross, D. Trefz, M. Brinkmann, J. T. LĂłpez Navarrete, M. C. Ruiz Delgado, and S. Ludwigs, Macromolecules, 2015, 48, 7049.Universidad de MĂĄlaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional AndalucĂ­a Tech
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