4,806 research outputs found
Study No. 8, Chinese Amphibious Warfare: Prospects for a Cross-Strait Invasion
Through concerted efforts over the past quarter-century, the People\u27s Republic of China has achieved the most dramatic military buildup since World War II. Previously limited in its ability to conduct its Joint Firepower Strike, Joint Blockade, and Joint Island Landing Campaigns against Taiwan, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) is making rapid progress across the board as it prepares to meet the requirements of Xi Jinping’s Taiwan-focused Centennial Military Building Goal of 2027. Drawing on research, writing, and insights from some of the world’s leading experts, CMSI’s latest edited conference volume probes key questions concerning Beijing’s determined pursuit of the Chinese Communist Party’s ultimate political and strategic prize: How might the PLA attempt to execute a Joint Island Landing Campaign to achieve a cross-Strait invasion of Taiwan, what might be its prospects for success, and what must Taiwan—with American support—do urgently to shore up deterrence? The findings are nuanced but bracing. The saving grace, till now, is that Taiwan enjoys formidable defensive geography, and a large-scale amphibious invasion is one of the most difficult military operations to accomplish. However, under Xi’s concerted directives, China’s military is reforming relentlessly, bringing critical new capabilities to bear, and training tirelessly to improve its ability to carry out the operations on which it is bore-sighted. The stakes could scarcely be higher, and the clock is ticking.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cmsi-studies/1000/thumbnail.jp
Remote Sensing of the Oceans
This book covers different topics in the framework of remote sensing of the oceans. Latest research advancements and brand-new studies are presented that address the exploitation of remote sensing instruments and simulation tools to improve the understanding of ocean processes and enable cutting-edge applications with the aim of preserving the ocean environment and supporting the blue economy. Hence, this book provides a reference framework for state-of-the-art remote sensing methods that deal with the generation of added-value products and the geophysical information retrieval in related fields, including: Oil spill detection and discrimination; Analysis of tropical cyclones and sea echoes; Shoreline and aquaculture area extraction; Monitoring coastal marine litter and moving vessels; Processing of SAR, HF radar and UAV measurements
Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric investigation of n-alkanes and carboxylic acids in bottom sediments of the northern Caspian Sea
Prior to the start of experimental oil production in the Kashagan field (northern part of the Caspian Sea), n-alkanes and
carboxylic acids contained in samples obtained from bottom sediments in the area of artificial island “D” were inves-
tigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Concentrations of 10 n-alkanes (composed of C 10 -C 13 , C 15 -C 20 ) and
11 carboxylic acids (composed of C 6 -C 12 , C 14 -C 16 ) were identified and measured. Concentrations of individual alkanes
and carboxylic acids in bottom sediments of the various samples varied between 0.001 ÷ 0.88 μg/g and 0.001 ÷ 1.94
μg/g, respectively. Mass spectra, in particular the M+ molecular ion peak and the most intense peaks of fragment ions,
are given. The present study illustrates the stability of molecular ions to electronic ionisation and the main fragment
ions to the total ion current and shows that the initial fragmentation of alkanes implies radical cleavage of C 2 H 5 rather
than CH 3 . All aliphatic monocarboxylic acids studied were characterised by McLafferty rearrangement leading to the
formation of F 4 cation-radical with m/z 60 and F 3 cation-radical with m/z 88 in the case of ethylhexanoic acid. The
formation of oxonium ions presents another important aspect of acid fragmentation. Using mass numbers of oxonium
ions and rearrangement ions allows determination of the substitution character in α- and β- C atoms. The essence of our
approach is to estimate the infiltration of hydrocarbon fluids from the enclosing formation into sea water, comprising an
analysis of derivatives of organic compounds in bottom sediments. Thus, concentrations of derived organic molecules
can serve as a basis for estimates of the depth at which hydrocarbon fluids leak, i.e., to serve as an auxiliary technique
in the search for hydrocarbon deposits and to repair well leaks
Crude Oil
Petroleum crude oil is the main energy source worldwide. However, global fossil fuel resources and reservoirs are rapidly and disturbingly being depleted. Thus, it is particularly important to shed light on new techniques developed for economic production and better utilization of crude oil. In addition, the processes involved in the production, refining, and transportation of crude oil are environmentally hazardous. It is essential to develop cleaner technologies and to find innovative solutions to overcome these problems. Over four sections, this book discusses materials used in cracking crude oil and improving its specifications, methods for reducing or eliminating the hazardous effects of petroleum pollution, and the environmental effects of crude oil, as well as presents case studies from different countries
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The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, Texas : "window on the sea"
Marine ScienceThe Marine Science Institute, located on a coastal barrier island in the city of Port Aransas, Texas, is an organized research unit of The University of Texas at Austin. It serves as a "window on the sea" for the university and other cooperating institutions.
Our primary purpose is to provide both educational and research opportunities in the vital Texas coastal zone. It is an area that has thrived through the years on gas, oil, marine transportation and commercial fishing activities. In the coming decades, we expect to see the recreational tourist industry in the Coastal Bend develop into a major component of the State's economy. The health of the coastal zone ecosystem continues to be one of the major concerns of this laboratory and its scientists and graduate students. Through basic and applied research, we have the responsibility of providing an information base on the organisms and processes that comprise this valuable asset.Marine Scienc
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Annual Report of the Bureau of Economic Geology 1989
Annual report for the Bureau of Economic Geology 1989Bureau of Economic Geolog
Recommended from our members
Annual Report of the Bureau of Economic Geology 1981
Annual report for the Bureau of Economic Geology 1981Bureau of Economic Geolog
SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION PATTERN DUE TO COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY IN KAMPONG HOUSE
ABSTRACT Kampung houses are houses in kampung area of the city. Kampung House oftenly transformed into others use as urban dynamics. One of the transfomation is related to the commercial activities addition by the house owner. It make house with full private space become into mixused house with more public spaces or completely changed into full public commercial building. This study investigate the spatial transformation pattern of the kampung houses due to their commercial activities addition. Site observations, interviews and questionnaires were performed to study the spatial transformation. This study found that in kampung houses, the spatial transformation pattern was depend on type of commercial activities and owner perceptions, and there are several steps of the spatial transformation related the commercial activity addition.
Keywords: spatial transformation pattern; commercial activity; owner perception, kampung house; adaptabilit
Geomechanics of subsurface water withdrawal and injection
Land subsidence and uplift, ground ruptures, and induced seismicity are the principal geomechanic effects of groundwater withdrawal and injection. The major environmental consequence of groundwater pumping is anthropogenic land subsidence. The first observation concerning land settlement linked to subsurface
processes was made in 1926 by the American geologists Pratt and Johnson, who wrote that \u2018\u2018the cause of subsidence is to be found in the extensive extraction of fluid from beneath the affected area.\u2019\u2019 Since then, impressive progress has been made in terms of: (a) recognizing the basic hydrologic and geomechanic principles underlying the occurrence; (b) measuring aquifer compaction and ground displacements, both vertical and horizontal; (c) modeling and predicting the past and future event; and (d) mitigating environmental impact through aquifer recharge and/or surface water injection. The first milestone in the theory of pumped aquifer consolidation was reached in 1923 by Terzaghi, who introduced the principle of \u2018\u2018effective intergranular stress.\u2019\u2019 In the early 1970s, the emerging computer technology facilitated development of the first mathematical model of the subsidence of Venice, made by Gambolati and Freeze. Since then, the comprehension, measuring, and simulation of the occurrence have improved dramatically. More challenging today are the issues of ground ruptures and induced/triggered seismicity, which call for a shift from the classical continuum approach to discontinuous mechanics. Although well known for decades, anthropogenic land subsidence is still threatening large urban centers and deltaic areas worldwide, such as Bangkok, Jakarta, and Mexico City, at rates in the order of 10 cm/yr
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