63 research outputs found
Genetics and phenotypic heterogeneity of Dent disease: the dark side of the moon
Dent disease is a rare genetic proximal tubulopathy which is under-recognized. Its phenotypic heterogeneity has led to several different classifications of the same disorder, but it is now widely accepted that the triad of symptoms low-molecular-weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis/nephrolithiasis are pathognomonic of Dent disease. Although mutations on the CLCN5 and OCRL genes are known to cause Dent disease, no such mutations are found in about 25-35% of cases, making diagnosis more challenging. This review outlines current knowledge regarding Dent disease from another perspective. Starting from the history of Dent disease, and reviewing the clinical details of patients with and without a genetic characterization, we discuss the phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity that typifies this disease. We focus particularly on all those confounding clinical signs and symptoms that can lead to a misdiagnosis. We also try to shed light on a concealed aspect of Dent disease. Although it is a proximal tubulopathy, its misdiagnosis may lead to patients undergoing kidney biopsy. In fact, some individuals with Dent disease have high-grade proteinuria, with or without hematuria, as in the clinical setting of glomerulopathy, or chronic kidney disease of uncertain origin. Although glomerular damage is frequently documented in Dent disease patients' biopsies, there is currently no reliable evidence of renal biopsy being of either diagnostic or prognostic value. We review published histopathology reports of tubular and glomerular damage in these patients, and discuss current knowledge regarding the role of CLCN5 and OCRL genes in glomerular function
Novel OCRL mutations in children with Lowe Syndrome
Background: Lowe syndrome is a rare X-linked recessive hereditary disease caused by mutations of the OCRL gene, which encodes an inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase. The disease is clinically characterized by congenital cataracts, psychomotor retardation, and proximal tubulopathy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed three unrelated Chinese patients with Lowe syndrome, clinically diagnosed by the abnormalities of eyes, nervous system, and kidneys. Genetic analysis of the OCRL gene was done for the three patients as well as their family members. Results: Three OCRL gene mutations were detected in our study. Two of the mutations, g.1897delT in exon 18 (patient 1) and g.1470delG in exon 15 (patient 2), were novel. A missense mutation (p.Y513C) in exon 15, which had been reported previously, was found in patient 3. The mothers of all patients were heterozygous carriers of the respective mutations. Conclusion
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Dent Disease in Chinese Children and Findings from Heterozygous Mothers: Phenotypic Heterogeneity, Fetal Growth, and 10 Novel Mutations.
Par Antoine Blanchard et Mélodie Faury pour le collectif Révoluscience Billet publié simultanément sur Sciences et Démocratie et Knowtex Blog Les "lieux" des réactions Plusieurs dispositifs avaient été mis en place pour recueillir les réactions des lecteurs, d'abord sur le blog du manifeste où les commentaires étaient possibles sous chaque proposition, puis sur un site de travail collaboratif permettant d’en annoter le texte, paragraphe par paragraphe. On alliait ainsi critique d'un côté et..
Dent's disease
Dent's disease is a renal tubular disorder characterized by manifestations of proximal tubule dysfunction, including low-molecular-weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and progressive renal failure. These features are generally found in males only, and may be present in early childhood, whereas female carriers may show a milder phenotype. Prevalence is unknown; the disorder has been reported in around 250 families to date. Complications such as rickets or osteomalacia may occur. The disease is caused by mutations in either the CLCN5 (Dent disease 1) or OCRL1 (Dent disease 2) genes that are located on chromosome Xp11.22 and Xq25, respectively. CLCN5 encodes the electrogenic Cl-/H+ exchanger ClC-5, which belongs to the CLC family of Cl- channels/transporters. OCRL1 encodes a phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) 5-phosphatase and mutations are also associated with Lowe Syndrome. The phenotype of Dent's disease is explained by the predominant expression of ClC-5 in the proximal tubule segments of the kidney. No genotype-phenotype correlation has been described thus far, and there is considerable intra-familial variability in disease severity. A few patients with Dent's disease do not harbour mutations in CLCN5 and OCRL1, pointing to the involvement of other genes. Diagnosis is based on the presence of all three of the following criteria: low-molecular-weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria and at least one of the following: nephrocalcinosis, kidney stones, hematuria, hypophosphatemia or renal insufficiency. Molecular genetic testing confirms the diagnosis. The differential diagnosis includes other causes of generalized dysfunction of the proximal tubules (renal Fanconi syndrome), hereditary, acquired, or caused by exogenous substances. Antenatal diagnosis and pre-implantation genetic testing is not advised. The care of patients with Dent's disease is supportive, focusing on the treatment of hypercalciuria and the prevention of nephrolithiasis. The vital prognosis is good in the majority of patients. Progression to end-stage renal failure occurs between the 3rd and 5th decades of life in 30-80% of affected males
Aspecte eiopatogenetice, manifestări clinice și particularități de tratament ale sindromului oculocerebrorenal. Prezentare de caz clinic
Introducere. Sindromul (Sm) oculocerebrorenal (OCRS), numit și Sm Lowe, reprezintă o afecțiune multisistemică caracterizată prin diverse anomalii ale ochiului, sistemului nervos și rinichilor, face parte din bolile rare, având o prevalență estimată în populația generală de sub 1 la 500 000. Scopul studiului. Estimarea datelor din literatura de specialitate referitor la etiopatogenia, tabloul clinic și tratamentul OCRS. Descrierea unui caz clinic. Material și metode. Au fost studiate 34 surse din literatura de specialitate (Library of PubMed) privitor la OCRS. Este descris un caz clinic al unui copil diagnosticat cu Sm Lowe în Clinica Neurologie a Departamentului Pediatrie, confirmat prin testări molecular genetice. Rezultate. În literatura de specialitate este specificat că Sm Lowe este determinat de mutațiile în gena OCRL localizată pe cromozomul Xq25-26, care codifică polyphosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 5-phosphatase (PIP2) în aparaul Golgi, fiind expresia unei patologii X-lincate recesive, se întâlnește doar la băieței. Simptomele sugestive bolii sunt: cataracta congenitală bilaterală, glaucom, retardare psihomotorie severă și tubulopatie renală proximală (de tip Fanconi). Confirmarea diagnosticului se face prin aplicarea testelelor enzimatice și celor moleculare. Pot fi disponibile și teste pentru depistarea bolii în perioada prenatală. Tratamentul este complex: medicamentos (pentru controlul glaucomului, corijarea acidozei tubulare, menținerea funcției osoase și ameliorarea problemelor de comportament) și chirurgical (pentru corectarea problemelor oculare. Prognosticul este rezervat. Prezentatăm un caz clinic al unui băiețel cu OCRS, diagnosticat pe baza cataractei congenitale, a disfuncției tubulare renale și a tulburărilor neurologice. Prin analiza genetică s-a constatat o mutație care determină o substituție de aminoacizi în exonul 9 al genei OCRL. Concluzii. Progresele în domeniul științelor medicale au permis înțelegerea funcțiilor și rolului genei OCRL-1 în metabolismul celular și implicarea în patologiile organelor și sistemelor, ceea ce determină Sm Lowe. Prin prezentarea unui caz clinic am demonstrat existența unei variante a Sm Lowe care s-a caracterizat printr-o formă severă a bolii
Эиопатогенетические аспекты, клинические проявления и особенности лечения околоцереброренального синдрома. Описание клинического случая
Etiopathogenetic aspects, clinical manifestations and particulars of treatment of oculocerebrorenal syndrome. The clinical case presentationIntroducere. Sindromul (Sm) oculocerebrorenal (OCRS), numit și Sm Lowe, reprezintă o afecțiune multisistemică caracterizată prin diverse anomalii ale ochiului, sistemului nervos și rinichilor, face parte din bolile rare, având o prevalență estimată în populația generală de sub 1 la 500 000. Scopul studiului. Estimarea datelor din literatura de specialitate referitor la etiopatogenia, tabloul clinic și tratamentul OCRS. Descrierea unui caz clinic. Material și metode. Au fost studiate 34 surse din literatura de specialitate (Library of PubMed) privitor la OCRS. Este descris un caz clinic al unui copil diagnosticat cu Sm Lowe în Clinica Neurologie a Departamentului Pediatrie, confirmat prin testări molecular genetice. Rezultate. În literatura de specialitate este specificat că Sm Lowe este determinat de mutațiile în gena OCRL localizată pe cromozomul Xq25-26, care codifică polyphosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 5-phosphatase (PIP2) în aparaul Golgi, fiind expresia unei patologii X-lincate recesive, se întâlnește doar la băieței. Simptomele sugestive bolii sunt: cataracta congenitală bilaterală, glaucom, retardare psihomotorie severă și tubulopatie renală proximală (de tip Fanconi). Confirmarea diagnosticului se face prin aplicarea testelelor enzimatice și celor moleculare. Pot fi disponibile și teste pentru depistarea bolii în perioada prenatală. Tratamentul este complex: medicamentos (pentru controlul glaucomului, corijarea acidozei tubulare, menținerea funcției osoase și ameliorarea problemelor de comportament) și chirurgical (pentru corectarea problemelor oculare. Prognosticul este rezervat. Prezentatăm un caz clinic al unui băiețel cu OCRS, diagnosticat pe baza cataractei congenitale, a disfuncției tubulare renale și a tulburărilor neurologice. Prin analiza genetică s-a constatat o mutație care determină o substituție de aminoacizi în exonul 9 al genei OCRL. Concluzii. Progresele în domeniul științelor medicale au permis înțelegerea funcțiilor și rolului genei OCRL-1 în metabolismul celular și implicarea în patologiile organelor și sistemelor, ceea ce determină Sm Lowe. Prin prezentarea unui caz clinic am demonstrat existența unei variante a Sm Lowe care s-a caracterizat printr-o formă severă a bolii.Эиопатогенетические аспекты, клинические проявления и особенности лечения околоцереброренального синдрома. Описание клинического случа
Dent Disease in Chinese Children and Findings from Heterozygous Mothers: Phenotypic Heterogeneity, Fetal Growth, and 10 Novel Mutations.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the phenotypes of Dent disease in Chinese children and their heterozygous mothers and to establish genetic diagnoses. STUDY DESIGN: Using a modified protocol, we screened 1288 individuals with proteinuria. A diagnosis of Dent disease was established in 19 boys from 16 families by the presence of loss of function/deleterious mutations in CLCN5 or OCRL1. We also analyzed 16 available patients' mothers and examined their pregnancy records. RESULTS: We detected 14 loss of function/deleterious mutations of CLCN5 in 15 boys and 2 mutations of OCRL1 in 4 boys. Of the patients, 16 of 19 had been wrongly diagnosed with other diseases and 11 of 19 had incorrect or unnecessary treatment. None of the patients, but 6 of 14 mothers, had nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis at diagnosis. Of the patients, 8 of 14 with Dent disease 1 were large for gestational age (>90th percentile); 8 of 15 (53.3%) had rickets. We also present predicted structural changes for 4 mutant proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric Dent disease often is misdiagnosed; genetic testing achieves a correct diagnosis. Nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis may not be sensitive diagnostic criteria. We identified 10 novel mutations in CLCN5 and OCRL1. The possibility that altered CLCN5 function could affect fetal growth and a possible link between a high rate of rickets and low calcium intake are discussed
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