Low socioeconomic status increases effects of negative life events on antenatal anxiety and depression

Problem: Low socioeconomic status and prior negative life events are documented risk factors for antenatal anxiety and depression, preterm birth and birth weight. We aimed to asses whether the adverse effects of prior negative life events increase with lower socioeconomic status and which aspects of socioeconomic status are most relevant. Methods: We performed a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands including 5398 women in their first trimester of pregnancy. We assessed the number of negative life events prior to pregnancy, aspects of paternal and maternal socio-economic position and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Associations of the number of prior negative life events with anxiety, depression, low birth weight and gestational age were quantified. Findings: The number of prior negative life events, particularly when they had occurred in the two years before pregnancy and maternal aspects of low socioeconomic status (educational level, unemployment and income) were associated with antenatal anxiety and depression. Furthermore, low socioeconomic status increased the adverse effects of prior negative life events. Obstetric outcomes showed similar trends, although mostly not statistically significant. Discussion: Low socioeconomic status and prior negative life events both have an adverse effect on antenatal anxiety and depression. Furthermore, low socioeconomic status increases the adverse impact of prior negative life events on anxiety and depressive symptoms in pregnancy. Conclusion: Interventions for anxiety and depression during pregnancy should be targeted particularly to unemployed, less-educated or low-income women who recently experienced negative life events

Negative Life Events And Aggressive Behavior Of Efunsetan Aniwura

Proofs have emerged in Psychology that people with negative life events can be subjected to various anti-social behaviors, especially ones that are very aggressive and very inimical to the peace and order of the society. This paper examines the negative life events of Madam Efunsetan Aniwura and the consequential effects of such events on her behavior. It traces the history of the woman and examines the negative life events she experienced. The paper diagnoses the effects of her psychological problem on the society and the life end of this woman. Finally, it recommends the thorough examination of other pre-colonial personalities who shared similar life circumstances and using the findings to explain the current behaviours of the people undergoing the same or similar socio-psychological problems

Prediction borderline personality disorders relay on negative life events

Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a chronic condition that warrants further empirical investigation. The aim of this research was investigated prediction of BPD symptomatology relay on recent life experience. Method and Materials: Data for the current study was collected from students of Shiraz university. Sample consisted of 120 undergraduate students. The ages of the sample ranged from 18-26 with an average age of 19.55. Forty-four participants were men (36.6%) and fifty-six participants were women (46.6%). Instruments were used in this study include: Inventory of College Students’ Recent Life Experience (ICSRLE; Kohn, Lafreniere, & Gurevich, 1990) and Five-Factor Borderline Personality Inventory (FFBI; Mullins-Sweatt et al., 2012). Results: revealed non-significant effects for gender on total borderline personality scores, five subscales of FFBI and negative life events. Also these results showed negative life events predicted borderline personality traits. Conclusion: Negative life events could predict borderline personality traits

Still doing fine? The interplay of negative life events and self-esteem during young adulthood

This longitudinal study investigated the bidirectional relationship between negative life events and self-esteem during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood (N = 2272). Drawing on theories of human development over the lifespan and just-world theory, we analyzed age-graded changes in self-esteem and their interplay with negative life events at three measurement points over a 12-year period. We addressed both the short-term and the longer term effects of single as well as multiple negative life events on changes in self-esteem (socialization effects). We further investigated whether the pre-event level of self-esteem affected the likelihood of negative life events occurring (selection effects) and, finally, whether it had protective effects in terms of helping people adjust to negative events. Latent change models yielded four main findings: (i) self-esteem increased during young adulthood; (ii) socialization effects were observed over shorter and longer timespans, but (iii) selection effects were only found for multiple negative life events, with low self-esteem predicting a high number of negative life events; (iv) high pre-event self-esteem acted as a protective factor, attenuating declines in self-esteem after experience of multiple negative life events. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology (DIPF/Orig.

Early Maladaptive Schemas and negative life events in the prediction of depression and anxiety

This study tested the relationships between Young\u27s (1990, 2003) model of Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs), negative life events occurring over the past 4 months, depressive symptoms, and anxious symptoms. We also replicated a design testing the ability of EMSs, negative life events, and their interaction to predict depressive and anxious symptoms and extended the design to include specific categories of negative life events (interpersonal and achievement). Results of this study showed that EMSs are predictive of depressive and anxious symptoms, but that negative life events account for a greater prediction. The EMS model was just as highly associated with and predictive of anxious symptoms as it was with depressive symptoms. The study was the first to examine specific types of negative life events and their relationships with EMSs. EMSs may be more highly associated with negative achievement than with negative interpersonal events but the EMSs appear to be vulnerable to global life stress in general

Suicidality, depression, major and minor negative life events: a mediator model

Background: Major negative life events are associated with higher suicidality. In this association, two mediating paths were hypothesized: (a) via minor negative life events and (b) via depression

Life Events, Coping, and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Chinese Adolescents Exposed to 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between negative life events, coping styles, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among adolescent survivors exposed to 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China. METHODS: A survey was conducted in a sample of 2250 adolescent students from two schools in Dujiangyan District, a seriously damaged area, 20 kilometers away from the epicenter, 6 months after the earthquake. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire including demographics, negative life events, coping styles, and PTSD symptoms. RESULTS: Academic pressure was the strongest predictor of adolescents' PTSD symptoms among all negative life events. Main effects of negative life events, positive coping and negative coping on PTSD symptoms were significant in both younger adolescents and older adolescents, while the moderator effects of two coping styles were found significant only within older adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Coping may play a role to moderate the relationship between post-earthquake negative life events and PTSD symptom, but the function seems to depend on the age of participants. Psychosocial coping skills training may be important in the prevention and intervention of mental health problems in adolescent survivors of traumatic earthquake

Biological correlates of the Allais paradox - updated

We conducted a questionnaire study with student subjects to look for explicit correlations between selected biological characteristics of the subjects and manifestation of the Allais paradox in the pattern of their choices between sets of two pairs of risky prospects. We found that particular characteristics, such as gender, menstrual cycle, mother’s age at delivery, parenthood, second- to fourth-digit ratio, perceived negative life events, and emotional state, can be related to the paradox. Women,particularly when not menstruating, are less susceptible to the paradox. Those born to not-too-young mothers are also less prone to the paradox. The same holds true for men who have fathered children and had been exposed to high levels of prenatal testosterone, people who had experienced many negative life events, and those who were anxious, excited, aroused, happy, active, or fresh at the time of the experiment. Further, left-handers and atheists may be less inclined to display the paradox.Allais paradox; choice under risk; biological characteristics; experimental economics