68 research outputs found
Nanotargeted Radionuclides for Cancer Nuclear Imaging and Internal Radiotherapy
Current progress in nanomedicine has exploited the possibility of designing tumor-targeted nanocarriers being able to deliver radionuclide payloads in a site or molecular selective manner to improve the efficacy and safety of cancer imaging and therapy. Radionuclides of auger electron-, α-, β-, and γ-radiation emitters have been surface-bioconjugated or after-loaded in nanoparticles to improve the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of cancer imaging and therapy in preclinical and clinical studies. This article provides a brief overview of current status of applications, advantages, problems, up-to-date research and development, and future prospects of nanotargeted radionuclides in cancer nuclear imaging and radiotherapy. Passive and active nanotargeting delivery of radionuclides with illustrating examples for tumor imaging and therapy are reviewed and summarized. Research on combing different modes of selective delivery of radionuclides through nanocarriers targeted delivery for tumor imaging and therapy offers the new possibility of large increases in cancer diagnostic efficacy and therapeutic index. However, further efforts and challenges in preclinical and clinical efficacy and toxicity studies are required to translate those advanced technologies to the clinical applications for cancer patients
Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of 188Re-liposomes and their comparative therapeutic efficacy with 5-fluorouracil in C26 colonic peritoneal carcinomatosis mice
Chia-Che Tsai1, Chih-Hsien Chang1, Liang-Cheng Chen1, Ya-Jen Chang1, Keng-Li Lan2, Yu-Hsien Wu1, Chin-Wei Hsu1, I-Hsiang Liu1, Chung-Li Ho1, Wan-Chi Lee1, Hsiao-Chiang Ni1, Tsui-Jung Chang1, Gann Ting3, Te-Wei Lee11Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, 2Cancer Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 3National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan, ROCBackground: Nanoliposomes are designed as carriers capable of packaging drugs through passive targeting tumor sites by enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects. In the present study the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, micro single-photon emission computed tomography (micro-SPECT/CT) image, dosimetry, and therapeutic efficacy of 188Re-labeled nanoliposomes (188Re-liposomes) in a C26 colonic peritoneal carcinomatosis mouse model were evaluated.Methods: Colon carcinoma peritoneal metastatic BALB/c mice were intravenously administered 188Re-liposomes. Biodistribution and micro-SPECT/CT imaging were performed to determine the drug profile and targeting efficiency of 188Re-liposomes. Pharmacokinetics study was described by a noncompartmental model. The OLINDA|EXM® computer program was used for the dosimetry evaluation. For therapeutic efficacy, the survival, tumor, and ascites inhibition of mice after treatment with 188Re-liposomes and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), respectively, were evaluated and compared.Results: In biodistribution, the highest uptake of 188Re-liposomes in tumor tissues (7.91% ± 2.02% of the injected dose per gram of tissue [%ID/g]) and a high tumor to muscle ratio (25.8 ± 6.1) were observed at 24 hours after intravenous administration. The pharmacokinetics of 188Re-liposomes showed high circulation time and high bioavailability (mean residence time [MRT] = 19.2 hours, area under the curve [AUC] = 820.4%ID/g*h). Micro-SPECT/CT imaging of 188Re-liposomes showed a high uptake and targeting in ascites, liver, spleen, and tumor. The results were correlated with images from autoradiography and biodistribution data. Dosimetry study revealed that the 188Re-liposomes did not cause high absorbed doses in normal tissue but did in small tumors. Radiotherapeutics with 188Re-liposomes provided better survival time (increased by 34.6% of life span; P < 0.05), tumor and ascites inhibition (decreased by 63.4% and 83.3% at 7 days after treatment; P < 0.05) in mice compared with chemotherapeutics of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).Conclusion: The use of 188Re-liposomes for passively targeted tumor therapy had greater therapeutic effect than the currently clinically applied chemotherapeutics drug 5-FU in a colonic peritoneal carcinomatosis mouse model. This result suggests that 188Re-liposomes have potential benefit and are safe in treating peritoneal carcinomatasis of colon cancer.Keywords: biodistribution, dosimetry, 5-fluorouracil, micro-SPECT/CT, 188Re-liposome
Correlation between radioactivity and chemotherapeutics of the 111In-VNB-liposome in pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in rats
The Application of Nuclear Medicine
Currently, the practice of nuclear medicine in modern countries comprises a large number of procedures. It is applied to study function of organs/body systems, to visualize, to characterize, and to quantify the functional state of lesions and for targeted radionuclide therapy. This overview presents all kinds of application in nuclear medicine services. Instrumentation and radioactive/radiolabeled substances are the basic components for application. Biotechnology contributes to the development and production of biomolecules used in radiopharmaceuticals. As a diagnostic modality, imaging depicts radioactivity distribution as a function of time. Hybrid imaging provides more precise localization and definition of le-sions as well as molecular imaging cross validation. Counting tests study invivoorgan functions externally or assess analytes in the biologic samples. Radiopharmaceutical therapy can be applied directly into the lesion or targeted systemically. Nanotechnology facilitates targeting and opens the development of bimodal techniques. In addition, neutron application contributes to the advancement of nuclear medicine services, such as neutron activation analysis, neutron teletherapy and neutron capture therapy
Квантово-химическое моделирование метотрексат-фуллереноловых радионуклидных агентов терапии онкологических заболеваний
In order to therapeutically destroy cancer neoplasms, chemotherapy or radiotherapy are commonly used. In the isotope medicine, however, medical isotopes of the short-lived radionuclides are injected into the tumor (59Fe, 90Y, 95Zr, 99mTc, 106Ru, 114*In, 147Eu, 148Eu, 155Eu, 170Tm, 188Re, 210Po, 222Rn, 230U, 237Pu, 240Cm, 241Cm, 253Es). Binary, or neutroncapturing, technology is a technology developed for the selective effect on malignant tumors and using a tropic to tumors preparations containing non-radioactive nuclides (10B, 113Cd, 157Gd et. al.). Triadic technology is a sequential administration of a combination of two or more separately inactive and harmless components tropic to tumor tissues that can selectively accumulate in them or react with each other to destroy tumors under certain external impacts. The aim of this work is the quantum-chemical modeling of the electronic structure and the analysis of the thermodynamic stability of the new methotrexate containing nanoscale fullerenolic radionuclide tumor-fghting agents. The need for preliminary studies on modeling of such objects is caused by the very high labor intensity, cost and complexity of their practical preparation.С целью терапевтического уничтожения онкологических новообразований обычно применяют химиотерапию или лучевую терапию, а в изотопной медицине – вводят в опухоль соответствующие короткоживущие радионуклиды (59Fe, 90Y, 95Zr, 99mTc, 106Ru, 114*In, 147Eu, 148Eu, 155Eu, 170Tm, 188Re, 210Po, 222Rn, 230U, 237Pu, 240Cm, 241Cm, 253Es). Бинарная (или нейтронозахватная) – технология, разработанная для избирательного воздействия на злокачественные новообразования и использующая тропные к опухолям препараты, содержащие нерадиоактивные нуклиды (10B, 113Cd, 157Gd и др.) Триадная – последовательное введение в организм комбинации из двух и более, по отдельности неактивных и безвредных компонентов, тропных к опухолевым тканям и способных в них селективно накапливаться или вступать друг с другом в химическое взаимодействие и уничтожать опухолевые новообразования под действием определенных сенсибилизирующих внешних воздействий. Целью настоящей работы является квантово-химическое моделирование электронной структуры и анализ термодинамической устойчивости новых метотрексатсодержащих фуллереноловых радионуклидных наноразмерных агентов-истребителей опухолевых новообразований. Необходимость предварительных исследований по моделированию такого рода объектов обусловлена очень высокой трудоемкостью, стоимостью и сложностью их практического получения
Nanoparticles in Nuclear Imaging
The present review article summarizes the current state radiolabelednanoparticles for molecular imaging applications mainly targeting cancer. Due to their enormous flexibility, and versatility the radiolabeled nanoparticles have shown their potential in the diagnosis and therapy. As the matter of fact, these radiolabeled imaging agents enable the visualization of the cellular function and the follow-up of the molecular process in living organisms. Moreover, the rapidly advancing field of nanotechnology hasprovided various innovative radionuclides and delivery systems, such as liposomes, magnetic agents, polymers, dendrimers, quantum dots, and carbon nanotubes to cope up with the hurdles which have been posed by various disease states
Triple-Modal Imaging of Magnetically-Targeted Nanocapsules in Solid Tumours In Vivo
Triple-modal imaging magnetic nanocapsules, encapsulating hydrophobic superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, are formulated and used to magnetically target solid tumours after intravenous administration in tumour-bearing mice. The engineered magnetic polymeric nanocapsules m-NCs are ~200 nm in size with negative Zeta potential and shown to be spherical in shape. The loading efficiency of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the m-NC was ~100%. Up to ~3- and ~2.2-fold increase in tumour uptake at 1 and 24 h was achieved, when a static magnetic field was applied to the tumour for 1 hour. m-NCs, with multiple imaging probes (e.g. indocyanine green, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and indium-111), were capable of triple-modal imaging (fluorescence/magnetic resonance/nuclear imaging) in vivo. Using triple-modal imaging is to overcome the intrinsic limitations of single modality imaging and provides complementary information on the spatial distribution of the nanocarrier within the tumour. The significant findings of this study could open up new research perspectives in using novel magnetically-responsive nanomaterials in magnetic-drug targeting combined with multi-modal imaging
Synthesis, characterization and cell uptake of nanoparticles for a novel approach to radionuclide therapy: a feasibility study
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