Fabrication of mixed matrix membrane containing chlorophyll extracted from spinach for humic acid removal

The implementation of the pore-forming agent in the polymeric membrane has been applied for ages in enhancing the characteristics and performance of mixed matrix membrane. In this work, chlorophyll extracted from spinach has been used as an additional pore-forming agent alongside polyethylene glycol (PEG) to improve the polysulfone’s pore structure (PSf) mixed matrix membrane. The effect of chlorophyll was investigated in terms of characteristics and performance of the mixed matrix membrane. As a result, the cross-section morphologies show that the pore structure was enhanced significantly inside the mem�brane structure for 0.25 wt% chlorophyll concentration, thus resulted in better hydrophilicity, surface roughness, and membrane porosity value. Plus, the permeation and rejection performance was increased drastically due to the pore formation inside the mixed matrix membrane structure. These results prove that the addition of chlorophyll with low concentration managed to improve the characteristics and per�formance of the fabricated mixed matrix membrane

The Effect of Functionalization Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) on the Performance of PES-CNTs Mixed Matrix Membrane

A new type of mixed matrix membrane consisting of functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyethersulfone (PES) is prepared for biogas purification. PES mixed matrix membrane with and without modification of carbon nanotubes were prepared by a dry/wet phase inversion technique using a pneumatically flat sheet membrane casting machine system. The modified carbon nanotubes were prepared by treating the carbon nanotubes with chemical modification using Dynasylan Ameo (DA) silane agent to allow PES chains to be grafted on carbon nanotubes surface. The results from the FESEM, DSC and FTIR analysis confirmed that chemical modification on carbon nanotubes surface had taken place. Meanwhile, the nanogaps in the interface of polymer and carbon nanotubes were appeared in the PES mixed matrix membrane with unmodified of carbon nanotubes. The modified carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane increases the mechanical properties, the productivity and purity of biogas. For PES-modified carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane the maximum selectivity achieved for CO2/CH4 is 36.7

Application of Activated Carbon Mixed Matrix Membrane for Oxygen Purification

This study is performed primarily to investigate the effect of activated carbon on oxygen separation performance of polyethersulfone mixed matrix membrane. In this study, polyethersulfone (PES)-activated carbon (AC) mixed matrix membranes were fabricated using dry/wet technique. This study investigates the effect of polyethersulfone concentration and activated carbon loading on the performance of mixed matrix membrane in terms of permeability and selectivity of O2/N2 gas separation. The fabricated flat sheet mixed matrix membranes were characterized using permeation test, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). It was found that the activated carbon loading affected the gas separation performance of mixed matrix membrane. PES- 1wt% AC membrane yielded 3.75 of O2/N2 selectivity, however 5 wt% of AC can produced 5 O2/N2 selectivit

Polyethersulfone/HFO mixed matrix membrane for enhanced oily wastewater rejection

The recent growth of oil and gas industry has led to the increase of oily wastewater release. Membrane technology has been in the spotlight in recent advancement to treat the oily wastewater. Fouling due to surfactant adsorption and/or oil droplets plugging the pore has become one of the major hindrances in most of the research on oily wastewater treatment. In this work, self-synthesized hydrous ferric dioxide nanoparticles (HFO NPs) via chemical precipitation method were incorporated in polyethersulfone (PES) to fabricate a novel nanocomposite mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for ultrafiltration (UF). The morphologies and physicochemical properties of prepared HFO NPs and MMMs were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM), contact angle goniometer, before further subjected to water permeation test and oil rejection test. It was found that contact angle of membrane decreased remarkably with an increase in HFO nanoparticle loading from 70° to 38° at which proved its improved hydrophilicity which led to a significant rise in permeate flux, achieving 168.06 L/m2h bar in comparison to 63.67 L/m2h bar shown by the plain PES membrane. Total rejection of oil (100% rejection) demonstrated by the MMMs has confirmed the superior potential of PES/HFO UF membrane for total purification of oily wastewater especially to be reused in oilfield and refinery processes as well as to be released to the environment

Development of Ionic Liquid Mixed Matrix Membrane (ILMMM) for Carbon Dioxide Removal

Separation of acid gases such as carbon dioxide from natural gas is now becoming a vast and developed research especially using mixed matrix membrane. In this project, the aim is to synthesis/fabricate/develop ionic liquid mixed matrix membranes (ILMMM) by using solution-casting method. There were six membranes fabricated which are Polymeric Membrane, Mixed Matrix Membrane, Ionic Liquid Mixed Matrix Membrane 1, 2, 3 and 4. The membranes were characterized by using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope (FTIR). Only PM, ILMMM 2 and ILMMM 3 were tested for the performance for CO2 and CH4 permeability and CO2/CH4 selectivity. Based on the three membranes performances that have been conducted, although ILMMM 3 has the highest permeability of CO2 across the membrane, ILMMM 2 has the highest permeability of CH4, but the overall indicator still refers to the selectivity of carbon dioxide over methane across the membrane. ILMMM 2 has the optimum composition of DCM, PSU, [(emim)(CF3SO3)] and CMS for carbon dioxide removal from natural gas. It has the highest selectivity of carbon dioxide over methane as compared to the other membrane tested

Development Of Polydimethylsiloxane Mixed Matrix Membrane

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared from Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) filled with surface-treated fumed silica (SiO2). Techniques (TGA, SEM, and FTIR) were employed to characterize the neat membrane (PDMS) and the mixed matrix SiO2-PDMS membrane (SiO2-PDMS). The results confirmed SiO2-PDMS has improved thermal property over neat PDMS. Uniform dispersion of SiO2 within the membrane was observed. Good material interaction between PDMS and fumed SiO2 was observed. The effects of SiO2 on the transport pattern and permeability of O2, N2, CO2, and CH4 were studied. Results showed that the presence of SiO2 in PDMS matrix had a significant impact on N2 transport pattern. The incorporation of SiO2 into polymer matrix gave rise to an increase in solubility dominant flux and a corresponding decrease in the diffusivity of the gases through the MMMs as evident in the permeability trend of: PCO2 \u3e PCH4 \u3e PO2 \u3e PN2. 10% SiO2-PDMS maintained stability under continuous and repeated exposure to oxygen. 10% SiO2-PDMS exhibited both improved O2 permeability of about 640 Barrer and O2/N2 selectivity of 3.42 against neat PDMS with O2 permeability of about 520 Barrer and O2/N2 selectivity for O2 over N2 of 2.59. However, neat PDMS had a fair performance for the separation of CO2/CH4 gas pair with CO2 permeability of about 3239 Barrer and selectivity of 4.16 against 10% SiO2-PDMS with 2967 Barrer and selectivity 4.29. This confirmed that SiO2 as nano filler in PDMS is not a suitable material for separation of CO2/CH4 gas pair but could be suitable for the separation of CO2/N2 gas pair

Performance of Mixed Matrix Membrane Adsorbers for Lysozyme Separation

An application of EVAL based mixed matrix membrane adsorbers containing a strongcation exchange resins (Lewatit SP 112 WS) for capturing of Lysozyme (LZ) has been investigated.The preparation and performance of the mixed matrix membrane adsorbers is studied with 1-octanol as additive. The membranes in this study are prepared by immersion precipitation out of a DMSO solution containing 14% EVAL and with or without 14% 1-octanol. All membranes contain 65% resin based on dry solids. The morphology of the membranes are characterized using scanning electron microscopy.The membrane structure demonstrated open and interconnected porous structure with large resin particles are distributed in membrane structure. The MMM adsorber proved high adsorption capacity for capturing and concentrating LZ in feed solution. The Mixed matrix membranes (MMM) concept was anticipated as a moderate process with an increasedcapacity and a maximum adsorption capacity of 166 mg LZ/g membrane. The MMM act in protein separations both as protein purifier and concentrator and is an attractive alternative for packed bed systems because of its high capacity, high throughput, robustness, and ease of scaling up.Keywords: Mixed Matrix Membrane (MMM), Lysozyme (LZ), Adsorption, Membrane adsorbe

Effects of montmorillonite nano-clay fillers on PEI mixed matrix membrane for CO(2) removal

This paper focuses on the effect of montmorillonite nano-clay fillers on polyetherimide (PEI) mixed matrix membrane, specifically upon the removal of carbon dioxide. Five different types of montmorillonite (MMT) nano-clays, including unmodified and industrially modified clays, were used as filler to fabricate asymmetric flat sheet mixed matrix membrane (MMM) via a dry/wet phase inversion technique. The five types of clay used were: raw MMT, Cloisite 15A, general MMT, hydrophobic MMT and hydrophilic MMT. The MMTs were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). The fabricated MMMs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) and pure gas permeation testing. The gas permeation results revealed the following order in terms of the permselectivity for CO2/CH4 separation: Cloisite 15A > general MMT > hydrophilic MMT > hydrophobic MMT > raw MMT. The best results were obtained at 0.5 wt.% Cloisite 15A loading where the selectivity enhancement was about 28% as compared to that of neat PEI

Optimization of Fabrication Parameters of Polymer-Inorganic Mixed Matrix Membranes using Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Nanofiller and 6FDA-Durene Polyimide.

The presence of carbon dioxide in natural gas has greatly reduced the heating value of the gas and caused corrosion to the transport pipelines. Membrane technology is well-known in the oil and gas industry especially in the separation of carbon dioxide from natural gas due to its cheaper capital cost, smaller size and the ability to separate mixture of more than 20% carbon dioxide in it. Although mixed matrix membranes have been widely reported as a potential membrane material in separation of carbon dioxide from natural gas, there are still problems and challenges in the fabrication of defects free and particles-agglomeration free mixed matrix membrane. Therefore, in the present research, the parameters including the sonication and stirring duration in the fabrication of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) nanofiller and 6FDA-durene polyimide mixed matrix membrane was studied and optimized. The resultant mixed matrix membranes were characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and also energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) in order to investigate its morphology and the agglomeration of the dispersed ZIF-8. It was shown in FESEM and SEM that ZIF-8 nanofiller is compatible with 6FDA-durene polymeric matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that the MMM are stable up to 400 °C while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the glass transition temperature, Tg of the resultant mixed matrix membrane is 15 °C higher than the pristine membrane. Lastly, permeation testing was carried out at 3.5 bar in order to test the performance of the resultant membrane in CO2/CH4 separation. Generally, the incorporation of ZIF-8 nanofillers in 6FDA-durene polymer membrane results in the increase in CO2 and CH4 permeability while a drop of CO2/CH4 selectivity is observed. MMM with the total stirring and sonication duration of 11 hours displayed the best separation performance as well as the most well dispersed ZIF-8 among the 7 sets of mixed matrix membrane fabricated

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYIMIDEZEOLITE MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANE FOR BIOGAS PURIFICATION

Biogas has become an attractive alternative energy source due to the limitation of energy from fossil. In this study, a new type of mixed matrix membrane (MMM) consisting of polyimide-zeolite was synthesized and characterized for biogas purification. The MMM consists of medium concentration of polymer (20% wt polyimide), 80% N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and 25% zeolite 4A in total solid were prepared by a dry/wet phase inversion technique. The fabricated MMM was characterized using SEM, DSC, TGA and gas permeation. Post treatment coating procedure was also conducted. The research showed that surface coating by 3% silicone rubber toward MMM PI 20% gave the significant effect to improve membrane selectivity. The ideal selectivity for CO2/CH4 separation increased from 0.99 for before coating to 7.9 after coating for PI-Zeolite MMM, respectively. The results suggest that PI-Zeolite MMM with good post treatment procedure will increase the membrane selectivity and permeability with more saver polymer requirement as well as energy saving due to low energy for mixing