4 research outputs found
Anthropometry of Bodies of C3-C6 Cervical Vertebrae in Northwest Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study
Introduction: Knowledge of morphometric dimensions of cervical vertebrae is of immense help in choosing and designing implants for the cervical spine. Previous studies on this subject have emphasized that these dimensions have significant variations among different populations.
Aim: To determine and analyse morphometric parameters of the body of typical cervical vertebrae (C3-C6) in the Northwest Indian population.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 164 typical cervical vertebrae (C3 to C6) retrieved from the skeleton collection in the Department of Anatomy at Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India from February 2020 to April 2022. Morphometric parameters measured in the study were anteroposterior diameters and transverse diameter of both surfaces of the body, and height of anterior surface of the body using a digital vernier calipers. Descriptive statistical analysis was done with the help of Microsoft Excel version 2021.
Results: Of the total 164 sample, on the superior surface of the body anteroposterior diameter increased from C3 vertebrae (MeanĀ±Standard Deviation {SD}= 14.67Ā±1.42 mm) to C6 vertebrae (MeanĀ±SD=15.73 mm). The anteroposterior diameter of the inferior surfaces of the body increased from C3 vertebrae (MeanĀ±SD=15.71 mm) to C6 vertebrae (MeanĀ±SD=16.26 mm). Similarly, the transverse diameter of the superior surface also increased from C3 vertebrae (Mean value of 20.24 mm) to C6 vertebrae (Mean value of 23.82 mm). Furthermore, the transverse diameter of the inferior surface increased from C3 vertebrae (MeanĀ±SD=19.35 mm) to C6 vertebrae (MeanĀ±SD=22.99 mm). However, the height of vertebral bodies was found minimum in C5 vertebrae (MeanĀ±SD=10.69 mm) and maximum in C3 vertebrae (MeanĀ±SD=12.04 mm).
Conclusion: The dimensions of morphometric parameters observed in the present study were differing from those reported by studies carried out in south Indian population and in the Western world. However, the study did not find any significant side differences in morphometric parameters of bodies of typical cervical vertebrae. Population-specific normal data are reported in this study for the first time
Advanced Applications of Rapid Prototyping Technology in Modern Engineering
Rapid prototyping (RP) technology has been widely known and appreciated due to its flexible and customized manufacturing capabilities. The widely studied RP techniques include stereolithography apparatus (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), three-dimensional printing (3DP), fused deposition modeling (FDM), 3D plotting, solid ground curing (SGC), multiphase jet solidification (MJS), laminated object manufacturing (LOM). Different techniques are associated with different materials and/or processing principles and thus are devoted to specific applications. RP technology has no longer been only for prototype building rather has been extended for real industrial manufacturing solutions. Today, the RP technology has contributed to almost all engineering areas that include mechanical, materials, industrial, aerospace, electrical and most recently biomedical engineering. This book aims to present the advanced development of RP technologies in various engineering areas as the solutions to the real world engineering problems
Skills in Rheumatology
This Open Access book presents practical approaches to managing patients affected by various rheumatological diseases, allowing readers to gain a better understanding of the various clinical expressions and problems experienced by these patients. Discussing rheumatology from an organ systems perspective, it highlights the importance ofdetailed musculoskeletal examinations when treating patients affected by rheumatological diseases. The book first explores the latest diagnostic approaches and offers key tips for accurate musculoskeletal examinations before addressing the various treatment modalities, with a particular focus on the most common joints involved in rheumatoid arthritis: the wrists and the metacarpophalangeal joints (2nd and 3rd). Featuring easy-to-understand flow diagrams and explaining the common medical problems associated with rheumatic disease, such as shortness of breath and anemia, it is not only a valuable resource to rheumatologists, but will also appeal to medical students, junior residents, and primary healthcare physicians
Skills in Rheumatology
This Open Access book presents practical approaches to managing patients affected by various rheumatological diseases, allowing readers to gain a better understanding of the various clinical expressions and problems experienced by these patients. Discussing rheumatology from an organ systems perspective, it highlights the importance ofdetailed musculoskeletal examinations when treating patients affected by rheumatological diseases. The book first explores the latest diagnostic approaches and offers key tips for accurate musculoskeletal examinations before addressing the various treatment modalities, with a particular focus on the most common joints involved in rheumatoid arthritis: the wrists and the metacarpophalangeal joints (2nd and 3rd). Featuring easy-to-understand flow diagrams and explaining the common medical problems associated with rheumatic disease, such as shortness of breath and anemia, it is not only a valuable resource to rheumatologists, but will also appeal to medical students, junior residents, and primary healthcare physicians