Elements of civilisation : Britain, Ireland, and the British Empire

The first part of this volume is devoted to specific issues in the geopolitics and civilisation of the British and Irish Isles, particularly peoples, religions, languages, plus elements of history in the formation of the two present day states, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland. One chapter is more specifically devoted to the English public school tradition and its impact on literature. The second part is a short introduction to the history of the British Empire and Commonwealth, with a brief survey of Empire-related British literature (fiction), as well as in British and American cinema. Whenever possible, in both part 1 and part 2 of the volume, references to relevant titles of fiction and titles of films are given, besides primary and secondary sources

Landmarks in British history and culture. A monograph of selected issues

The book presents crucial facts and events, selected from the countless defining moments in British history and culture: the appearance of prehistoric man in the British Isles; the influence of Celtic culture from a wider, not only insular perspective; the origins of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms; the historical truth and legendary aspects of the Arthurian myth; sea and imperial expansion; the most important factors and players in the fight for freedom; and finally, the development and cultural meaning of the English concept of sport. Although the author discusses well known historical and cultural events, he does this from a non-British perspective and frequently suggests new hypotheses and analyses for some unsolved problems of British cultural history, such as the lack of English protagonists in Old English literature, the Five Borough question and the etymology of fair play as an ethical term and norm.Książka przedstawia wybrane momenty zwrotne i procesy cywilizacyjne w dziejach i kulturze Wielkiej Brytanii, poczynając od okresu kultur pierwotnych aż do najważniejszych procesów nowożytnych, jak rola protestantyzmu w kształtowaniu się współczesnej cywilizacji brytyjskiej, rozwój idei wolności, ekspansji Imperium Brytyjskiego, morska kultura Anglii oraz odkrycie wszystkich tych zjawisk w literaturze i sztuce

Landmarks in British history and culture. A monograph of selected issues

The book presents crucial facts and events, selected from the countless defining moments in British history and culture: the appearance of prehistoric man in the British Isles; the influence of Celtic culture from a wider, not only insular perspective; the origins of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms; the historical truth and legendary aspects of the Arthurian myth; sea and imperial expansion; the most important factors and players in the fight for freedom; and finally, the development and cultural meaning of the English concept of sport. Although the author discusses well known historical and cultural events, he does this from a non-British perspective and frequently suggests new hypotheses and analyses for some unsolved problems of British cultural history, such as the lack of English protagonists in Old English literature, the Five Borough question and the etymology of fair play as an ethical term and norm.Książka przedstawia wybrane momenty zwrotne i procesy cywilizacyjne w dziejach i kulturze Wielkiej Brytanii, poczynając od okresu kultur pierwotnych aż do najważniejszych procesów nowożytnych, jak rola protestantyzmu w kształtowaniu się współczesnej cywilizacji brytyjskiej, rozwój idei wolności, ekspansji Imperium Brytyjskiego, morska kultura Anglii oraz odkrycie wszystkich tych zjawisk w literaturze i sztuce

Landmarks in British history and culture. A monograph of selected issues

The book presents crucial facts and events, selected from the countless defining moments in British history and culture: the appearance of prehistoric man in the British Isles; the influence of Celtic culture from a wider, not only insular perspective; the origins of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms; the historical truth and legendary aspects of the Arthurian myth; sea and imperial expansion; the most important factors and players in the fight for freedom; and finally, the development and cultural meaning of the English concept of sport. Although the author discusses well known historical and cultural events, he does this from a non-British perspective and frequently suggests new hypotheses and analyses for some unsolved problems of British cultural history, such as the lack of English protagonists in Old English literature, the Five Borough question and the etymology of fair play as an ethical term and norm.Książka przedstawia wybrane momenty zwrotne i procesy cywilizacyjne w dziejach i kulturze Wielkiej Brytanii, poczynając od okresu kultur pierwotnych aż do najważniejszych procesów nowożytnych, jak rola protestantyzmu w kształtowaniu się współczesnej cywilizacji brytyjskiej, rozwój idei wolności, ekspansji Imperium Brytyjskiego, morska kultura Anglii oraz odkrycie wszystkich tych zjawisk w literaturze i sztuce

Landmarks in British history and culture. A monograph of selected issues

The book presents crucial facts and events, selected from the countless defining moments in British history and culture: the appearance of prehistoric man in the British Isles; the influence of Celtic culture from a wider, not only insular perspective; the origins of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms; the historical truth and legendary aspects of the Arthurian myth; sea and imperial expansion; the most important factors and players in the fight for freedom; and finally, the development and cultural meaning of the English concept of sport. Although the author discusses well known historical and cultural events, he does this from a non-British perspective and frequently suggests new hypotheses and analyses for some unsolved problems of British cultural history, such as the lack of English protagonists in Old English literature, the Five Borough question and the etymology of fair play as an ethical term and norm.Książka przedstawia wybrane momenty zwrotne i procesy cywilizacyjne w dziejach i kulturze Wielkiej Brytanii, poczynając od okresu kultur pierwotnych aż do najważniejszych procesów nowożytnych, jak rola protestantyzmu w kształtowaniu się współczesnej cywilizacji brytyjskiej, rozwój idei wolności, ekspansji Imperium Brytyjskiego, morska kultura Anglii oraz odkrycie wszystkich tych zjawisk w literaturze i sztuce

Landmarks in British history and culture. A monograph of selected issues

The book presents crucial facts and events, selected from the countless defining moments in British history and culture: the appearance of prehistoric man in the British Isles; the influence of Celtic culture from a wider, not only insular perspective; the origins of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms; the historical truth and legendary aspects of the Arthurian myth; sea and imperial expansion; the most important factors and players in the fight for freedom; and finally, the development and cultural meaning of the English concept of sport. Although the author discusses well known historical and cultural events, he does this from a non-British perspective and frequently suggests new hypotheses and analyses for some unsolved problems of British cultural history, such as the lack of English protagonists in Old English literature, the Five Borough question and the etymology of fair play as an ethical term and norm.Książka przedstawia wybrane momenty zwrotne i procesy cywilizacyjne w dziejach i kulturze Wielkiej Brytanii, poczynając od okresu kultur pierwotnych aż do najważniejszych procesów nowożytnych, jak rola protestantyzmu w kształtowaniu się współczesnej cywilizacji brytyjskiej, rozwój idei wolności, ekspansji Imperium Brytyjskiego, morska kultura Anglii oraz odkrycie wszystkich tych zjawisk w literaturze i sztuce

Gods, Heroes, & Kings: The Battle for Mythic Britain

The islands of Britain have been a crossroads of gods, heroes, and kings-those of flesh as well as those of myth-for thousands of years. Successive waves of invasion brought distinctive legends, rites, and beliefs. The ancient Celts displaced earlier indigenous peoples, only to find themselves displaced in turn by the Romans, who then abandoned the islands to Germanic tribes, a people themselves nearly overcome in time by an influx of Scandinavians. With each wave of invaders came a battle for the mythic mind of the Isles as the newcomer\u27s belief system met with the existing systems of gods, legends, and myths.In Gods, Heroes, and Kings, medievalist Christopher Fee and veteran myth scholar David Leeming unearth the layers of the British Isles\u27 unique folkloric tradition to discover how this body of seemingly disparate tales developed. The authors find a virtual battlefield of myths in which pagan and Judeo-Christian beliefs fought for dominance, and classical, Anglo-Saxon, Germanic, and Celtic narrative threads became tangled together. The resulting body of legends became a strange but coherent hybrid, so that by the time Chaucer wrote The Wife of Bath\u27s Tale in the fourteenth century, a Christian theme of redemption fought for prominence with a tripartite Celtic goddess and the Arthurian legends of Sir Gawain-itself a hybrid mythology.Without a guide, the corpus of British mythology can seem impenetrable. Taking advantage of the latest research, Fee and Leeming employ a unique comparative approach to map the origins and development of one of the richest folkloric traditions. Copiously illustrated with excerpts in translation from the original sources,Gods, Heroes, and Kings provides a fascinating and accessible new perspective on the history of British mythology. [From the publisher]https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/books/1066/thumbnail.jp

Employing geographical principles for sampling in state of the art dialectological projects

The aims of this paper are twofold: First, we locate the most effective human geographical methods for sampling across space in large-scale dialectological projects. We propose two geographical concepts as a basis for sampling decisions: Geo-demographic classification, which is a multidimensional method used for the socio-economic grouping of areas. We also develop an updated version of functional regions that can be used in sociolinguistic research. We then report on the results of a pilot project that applies these models to collect data regarding the acceptability of vernacular morpho-syntactic forms in the North-East of England. Following the method of natural breaks advocated for dialectology by Horvath and Horvath (2002), we interpret breaks in the probabilistic patterns as areas of dialect transitions. This study contributes to the debate about the role and limitations of spatiality in linguistic analysis. It intends to broaden our knowledge about the interfaces between human geography and dialectology

Scholars against the „silent abyss” : the cooperation between Monica M. Gardner and Roman Dyboski in favour of the polish question in the United Kingdom

There was scarce cooperation among Polish and British scholars in the interwar period due mainly to poor political relations between the two countries. Despite strong anti-Polish propaganda in the leading British daily newspapers, there was a group of people actively involved in the construction of the positive image of Poland in the British Isles. Among them one can find Roman Dyboski, English philologist from Cracow, and Monica Mary Gardner, writer on Poland and Polish literature from London. With the help of Polish Embassy in the UK they were striving in order to improve Polish-British relations by presenting the Anglo-Saxon readers with numerous studies on history of Polish literature and culture. Polish, British and American archival materials help the author depict the meanders of this academic friendship with its most essential fruits

Changing numbers of three gull species in the British Isles

Between-population variation of changes in numbers can provide insights into factors influencing variation in demography and how population size or density is regulated. Here, we describe spatio-temporal patterns of population change of Herring Gull (Larus argentatus), Lesser Black-backed Gull (L. fuscus) and Great Black-backed Gull (L. marinus) in the British Isles from national censuses and survey data. The aim of this study was to test for density-dependence and spatial variation in population trends as two possible, but not mutually exclusive, explanations of population changes with important implications for the understanding of these changes. Between 1969 and 2013 the three species showed different population trends with Herring Gulls showing a strong decline, Great Black-backed Gulls a less pronounced decline and Lesser Black-backed Gulls an increase until 2000 but then a decline since. Population changes also varied between different regions of the British Isles, with the Atlantic coast showing declines and the North Sea coast increases in all three species. Population changes were density-dependent in the Herring Gull, and Lesser Black-backed Gulls showed faster population increases at lower Herring Gull densities. Contrasting numbers of gulls nest in coastal habitats or on roofs (mainly in urban habitats). Herring Gulls seem to seek refuge in urban environments, whereas Lesser Black-backed Gulls expand their range into the urban environment. The large declines in hitherto abundant species create a dilemma for conservation bodies in prioritizing conservation policies. The spatial variation in population changes and the differences between species suggest that there is no single cause for the observed changes, thus requiring region-specific conservation management strategies