Light-related variation in sapling architecture of three shade-tolerant tree species of the Mexican rain forest

The crown architecture of three shade-tolerant tree species (two subcanopy and one mid-canopy) was analyzed in relation to the light regime of the forest understorey. The aim was to examine to which extent shade-tolerant species variate in their crown architecture. Tree saplings (265) between 50 and 300 cm height, and distributed from understorey to variously-sized canopy gaps, were measured for 13 architectural traits in the lowland rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. The analysis showed that the three species changed their architecture as light increased but in a different way. No species conformed to the typical wide-crown type expected for shade-tolerant species, and in contrast they presented some traits of light demanding species. The two sub-canopy species tended to adopt a crown form between a narrow- and wide-crown type, and the mid-canopy species showed more traits of a narrow-crown type. The horizontal crown area appeared as the more related trait to the light and sapling height. It is concluded that despite being shade-tolerant, the Studied species make use of better-lit environments in the forest understorey. The crown architecture of shade-tolerant species is not Lis rigid Lis originally conceived

A Software-Defined Multi-Element VLC Architecture

In the modern era of radio frequency (RF) spectrum crunch, visible light communication (VLC) is a recent and promising alternative technology that operates at the visible light spectrum. Thanks to its unlicensed and large bandwidth, VLC can deliver high throughput, better energy efficiency, and low cost data communications. In this article, a hybrid RF/VLC architecture is considered that can simultaneously provide light- ing and communication coverage across a room. Considered architecture involves a novel multi-element hemispherical bulb design, which can transmit multiple data streams over light emitting diode (LED) modules. Simulations considering various VLC transmitter configurations and topologies show that good link quality and high spatial reuse can be maintained in typical indoor communication scenarios

Channelization architecture for wide-band slow light in atomic vapors

We propose a ``channelization'' architecture to achieve wide-band electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and ultra-slow light propagation in atomic Rb-87 vapors. EIT and slow light are achieved by shining a strong, resonant ``pump'' laser on the atomic medium, which allows slow and unattenuated propagation of a weaker ``signal'' beam, but only when a two-photon resonance condition is satisfied. Our wideband architecture is accomplished by dispersing a wideband signal spatially, transverse to the propagation direction, prior to entering the atomic cell. When particular Zeeman sub-levels are used in the EIT system, then one can introduce a magnetic field with a linear gradient such that the two-photon resonance condition is satisfied for each individual frequency component. Because slow light is a group velocity effect, utilizing differential phase shifts across the spectrum of a light pulse, one must then introduce a slight mismatch from perfect resonance to induce a delay. We present a model which accounts for diffusion of the atoms in the varying magnetic field as well as interaction with levels outside the ideal three-level system on which EIT is based. We find the maximum delay-bandwidth product decreases with bandwidth, and that delay-bandwidth product ~1 should be achievable with bandwidth ~50 MHz (~5 ns delay). This is a large improvement over the ~1 MHz bandwidths in conventional slow light systems and could be of use in signal processing applications.Comment: Published in SPIE Proceedings, Photonics West 2005 (San Jose, CA, Jan. 22-27, 2005

Holographic interconnections in photorefractive waveguides

An architecture for implementing large scale holographic interconnections in photorefractive waveguides is described. Methods for controlling the hologram using unguided light are considered and experimentally demonstrated

Light in architecture – architecture in light

In December 2013 the 68th Meeting of the United N ations named 2015 The International Year of Light-Based Technologies. This fact was to focus the world’s population on the importance of light technology in promoting balanced progress. I n this context, the omnipresent use of light in architecture (the inner and outer buildings space) requires analysis and revision

CONS PRODUCTION BETWEEN SYSTEM SHADOWING AND NATURAL LIGHT ON ENERGY EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE

Abstract— A work of architecture in the design process can not be separated from consideration of aspects of Design Guide (Design Guide Lines Aspect) , which covers the functional aspects, contextual aspects, performance aspects, technical aspects, cost aspects, and aesthetic aspects (image), which together interact, interelasi, and interdependence. Particularly in Indonesia, which is the tropics, is the contextual aspect didak consideration can be avoided, so that the building as a work of architecture able to efficiently utilize the potential of a tropical climate, on the other hand could also counteract the negative influence of the tropical climate. At this time, the energy crisis is the growing issues around the world, considering 40% of energy absorbed by the field of architecture. Bright sky as a source of natural light, is a potential source of tropical should be used efficiently, while the sun should be in the amulet through the technique of shadowing system, because the negative effects of this radiation is a source of heat in the room. In an effort to save energy by using light and sunlight to counteract the facade design is very dependent on the orientation of the building face. In the design process, the response to the character of the building footprint will have an impact also on the orientation of the building face, which is an important consideration from funsional aspects, performance, and aesthetics. Therefore, not all buildings have the opportunity to advance the building orientation to the path of the sun profitable circulation. In a less favorable orientation (more inclined toward the east or west) facade exposed resulting radiation exposure to the sun, this radiation due to the amount of heat gain (heat gain) to enter the building through the openings (light hole) will be effective (significant), and to overcome required no small amount of energy. To avoid this element of deterrence is needed sun (sun shading devices) on the display of the building, especially to be able to overshadow the opening for the skylight. The problem will arise when the consideration of the use of light appears as a natural lighting. This is because, the application of shadowing system of deterrence elements sunlight in architectural design will reduce the effective light-hole as a source of natural lighting. This contradiction is very interesting to find a solution, how far the efficiency of sunlight deterrent element, but at the same time able to keep the hole as the effective light source in an optimal natural lighting. In this case also made possible the breakthrough technology that sun-stress element is once again able to replace the sky light as a source of natural light. Existence of counter-productive systems and the use of light imagery in natural light in architectural design in the context of this is the insight that energyefficient architecture is one of the typology-oriented architecture of global environmental conservation. . Keywords : system shadowing, natural light, energy efficient architecture Pendahuluan Indonesia yang merupakan negara yang terletak daidaerah tropis dengan iklim tropis basah, dapat dikatakan penggunaan energi BBM dan listrik lebih rendah dibanding negara di kawasan sub-tropis yang dapat mencapai 60 persen dari total konsumsi energi. Kondisi ini dikarenakan di negara sub-tropis pada musim dingin membutuhkan energi untuk pemanas ruang bagi semua lapisan masyarakat, sedangkan di Indonesia untuk mengatasi udara yang panas diatasi dengan penggunaan pendingin ruang (AC) yang hanya digunakan pada sejumlah kecil bangunan terutama di daerah perkotaan. Walaupun tindak antisipasi lebih lanjut, pada akhirnya akan memberikan kontribusi penurunan konsumsi energi secara nasional yang signifikan. Bangunan merupakan penyaring faktor alamiah penyebab ketidaknyamanan, seperti hantaran panas akibat paparan radiasi matahari, dan dapat pula sebagai penangkap cahaya alami sebagai potensi tropis untuk penerangan siang hari. Penghematan energi melalui rancang bangun dimaksudkan pada upaya penghematan listrik, baik untuk pendingin udara (AC) maupun penerangan buatan di siang hari. Dengan arti kata lain, strategi perancangan akan mampu memodifikasi iklim luar yang tidak nyaman menjadi iklim ruang yang nyaman dengan konsumsi energi yang rendah. Para arsitek Barat sudah memulai langkahlangkah strategi perancangan bangunan hemat energi sejak terjadinya keisis energi dunia sekitar tahun 1973, ironinya di Indonesia belum terasa adanya ”greget” kalangan arsitek Indonesia secara konsisten menuju upaya bangunan hemat energi

Deep Burst Denoising

Noise is an inherent issue of low-light image capture, one which is exacerbated on mobile devices due to their narrow apertures and small sensors. One strategy for mitigating noise in a low-light situation is to increase the shutter time of the camera, thus allowing each photosite to integrate more light and decrease noise variance. However, there are two downsides of long exposures: (a) bright regions can exceed the sensor range, and (b) camera and scene motion will result in blurred images. Another way of gathering more light is to capture multiple short (thus noisy) frames in a "burst" and intelligently integrate the content, thus avoiding the above downsides. In this paper, we use the burst-capture strategy and implement the intelligent integration via a recurrent fully convolutional deep neural net (CNN). We build our novel, multiframe architecture to be a simple addition to any single frame denoising model, and design to handle an arbitrary number of noisy input frames. We show that it achieves state of the art denoising results on our burst dataset, improving on the best published multi-frame techniques, such as VBM4D and FlexISP. Finally, we explore other applications of image enhancement by integrating content from multiple frames and demonstrate that our DNN architecture generalizes well to image super-resolution