A critical review of resource recovery from municipal wastewater treatment plants : market supply potentials, technologies and bottlenecks

In recent decades, academia has elaborated a wide range of technological solutions to recover water, energy, fertiliser and other products from municipal wastewater treatment plants. Drivers for this work range from low resource recovery potential and cost effectiveness, to the high energy demands and large environmental footprints of current treatment-plant designs. However, only a few technologies have been implemented and a shift from wastewater treatment plants towards water resource facilities still seems far away. This critical review aims to inform decision-makers in water management utilities about the vast technical possibilities and market supply potentials, as well as the bottlenecks, related to the design or redesign of a municipal wastewater treatment process from a resource recovery perspective. Information and data have been extracted from literature to provide a holistic overview of this growing research field. First, reviewed data is used to calculate the potential of 11 resources recoverable from municipal wastewater treatment plants to supply national resource consumption. Depending on the resource, the supply potential may vary greatly. Second, resource recovery technologies investigated in academia are reviewed comprehensively and critically. The third section of the review identifies nine non-technical bottlenecks mentioned in literature that have to be overcome to successfully implement these technologies into wastewater treatment process designs. The bottlenecks are related to economics and value chain development, environment and health, and society and policy issues. Considering market potentials, technological innovations, and addressing potential bottlenecks early in the planning and process design phase, may facilitate the design and integration of water resource facilities and contribute to more circular urban water management practices

Applied Inorganic Chemistry

Викладено загальні принципи техніки хімічних експериментів, що базуються на прикладному використанні основних положень теоретичної хімії в процесах технології неорганічних речовин, а саме, технології виробництва сірковмісної продукції, сполук зв’язаного азоту, добрив, содопродуктів, глинозему, титановміщуючих продуктів, процесів прикладної екології та водопідготовки. Призначений для поглибленого вивчення різних аспектів застосування в лабораторній практиці фундаментальних положень хімії та обґрунтування особливостей реальних рішень з майбутньої фахової діяльності. Може бути використаний студентами при підготовці до лекційних занять, контрольних робіт, до виконання студентами лабораторних та практичних робіт.General principles of the technique of chemical experiments that are based on the applied application of the basic provisions of theoretical chemistry in processes of inorganic substances technology, in particular, the technologies of production of sulfur-containing products, compounds of bound nitrogen, fertilizers, soda products, alumina, titanium-containing products, processes of applied ecology and water treatment have presented. Designed for the in-depth study of various aspects of the application in laboratory practice of the basic chemistry principles and the substantiation of the peculiarities of real solutions for future professional activities. It can be used by students in preparation for lecture classes, control works, and can perform laboratory and practical work by students

Detection of Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products (PPCPS) and Illicit Drugs in Wastewater Treatment Plants and Urban River Systems

ABSTRACT DETECTION OF PHARMACEUTICALS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS (PPCPS) AND ILLICIT DRUGS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS AND URBAN RIVER SYSTEMS by Mary L Seaman The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2023 Under the Supervision of Professor Todd Miller, PhD Pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs) and illicit drugs are a threat to human health and the aquatic environment globally. Their usage and consumption is rapidly increasing potentially due to an aging population, the development of new drugs, the overprescribing of prescription drugs and easier accessibility of drugs legally and illegally prescribed. These compounds enter wastewater treatment plants influent through urine or feces, pass through the stages of treatment with some compounds not being removed and ending up in the effluent and ultimately in the aquatic environment. In addition to human consumption, PPCPs are introduced into the environment through veterinary use from livestock, and where concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are located. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluent are the major source of these compounds into the environment. The wastewater effluent is discharged into rivers, streams, or lake systems, and the biosolids are spread on fields for fertilizer. WWTPs are known to not adequately remove these compounds and as a result there is a continuous supply of these compounds to the environment. There are few studies on the long-term effects of these compounds in the environment. The contaminants most often detected in wastewater treatment effluent are antibiotics, epileptic drugs, analgesics, herbicides, opioids, and recreational drugs. This dissertation uses an alternative extraction method compared to the standard solid phase extraction (SPE) method used in most of the literature. In Chapters 2 and 3, sixty diverse compounds were analyzed from samples taken from influent, effluent, surface water and sludge from two WWTPs that discharge their effluent into the largest freshwater lake in the State of Wisconsin. Data were further analyzed by percent remaining, removal efficiency and seasonality. Chapter 4 surveyed PPCPs and illicit drugs from six urban river systems, using the alternative extraction method from Chapters 2 and 3. In addition, removal efficiency, percent remaining, and seasonality were also studied. There is an increasing trend towards urbanization and lifestyle changes, increasing health ailments such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and illicit drug use. With rapid urbanization, brings about an increase in contamination of water. The PPCPs and illicit drugs may be transferred to the water by rainfall, climate changes, infrastructure breakdown of private sceptic systems, and release of gray water. Stressors in the surrounding water environment may be channel form, cement encasements, the type of community surrounding the water whether it be industrial, manufacturing, agricultural, retail, etc.The alternative extraction method was successful in detecting the 60 diverse compounds but there were limitations on percent recovery values for certain compounds

Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries

Wastewater irrigation / Public health / Health hazards / Risk assessment / Epidemiology / Sewage sludge / Excreta / Diseases / Vegetables / Leaf vegetables / Economic impact / Wastewater treatment / Irrigation methods / Developing countries

Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality

The fourth edition of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Guidelines for drinking-water quality (GDWQ) builds on over 50 years of guidance by WHO on drinking-water quality, which has formed an authoritative basis for the setting of national regulations and standards for water safety in support of public health.It is the product of significant revisions to clarify and elaborate on ways of implementing its recommendations of contextual hazard identification and risk management, through the establishment of health-based targets, catchment-to-consumer water safety plans and independent surveillance.This first addendum updates the fourth edition. Updates reflect new evidence and further, provides additional explanations to support better understanding and application of the guidance