The Blue Eagle At Work: Reclaiming Democratic Rights in the American Workplace

Charles J. Morris, a renowned labor law scholar and preeminent authority on the National Labor Relations Act, uncovers a long-forgotten feature of that act that offers an exciting new approach to the revitalization of the American labor movement and the institution of collective bargaining. He convincingly demonstrates that in private-sector nonunion workplaces, the Act guarantees that employees have a viable right to engage in collective bargaining through a minority union on a members-only basis. As a result of this startling breakthrough, American labor relations may never again be the same

Social Guarantees in the Case of Employees’ Dismissal in Russia Comparative Legal Aspects of Russian and Foreign Labor Law

The main purpose of the article is to identify the contradictions and problems arising when both international labor standards and Russian labor law are applied and separate guarantees to workers are provided in the case of their dismissal. The object of the research is the employment relationship which arises between the employer and the employee when social guarantees are given to the workers when the employment relations are terminated. This article considers the regulations of Russian and foreign labor law which provide workers with certain guarantees if the employment contract is terminated at the initiative of the employer. For the first time, these guarantees are considered from a comparative legal perspective. Specific recommendations about improvement of the Russian labor law and its enforcement

Risk absorption by the state: when is it good public policy ?

The global financial crisis brought public guarantees to the forefront of the policy debate. Based on a review of the theoretical foundations of public guarantees, this paper concludes that the commonly used justifications for public guarantees based solely on agency frictions (such as adverse selection or lack of collateral) and/or un-internalized externalities are flawed. When risk is idiosyncratic, it is highly unlikely that a case for guarantees can be made without risk aversion. When risk aversion is explicitly added to the picture, public guarantees may be justified by the state's natural advantage in dealing with collective action failures (providing public goods). The state can spread risk more finely across space and time because it can coordinate and pool atomistic agents that would otherwise not organize themselves to solve monitoring or commitment problems. Public guarantees may be transitory, until financial systems mature, or permanent, when risk is fat-tailed. In the case of aggregate (non-diversifiable) risk, permanent public guarantees may also be justified, but in this case the state adds value not by spreading risk but by coordinating agents. In addition to greater transparency in justifying public guarantees, the analysis calls for exploiting the natural complementarities between the state and the markets in bearing risk.Debt Markets,Banks&Banking Reform,Access to Finance,Insurance&Risk Mitigation,Labor Policies

¿Quo Vadis? Reclutamiento y Contratacion de Trabajadores Migrantes y su Acceso a la Seguridad Social: dinamicas de los sistemas de trabajo temporal migratorio en Norte y Centroamerica

Different regions and countries of the world face a serious need to design and make use of necessary policies and resources to better manage worker migration, thus ensuring the welfare and human rights of these people who, in the end, are of benefit to their society of origin, as well as the receiving society. Although international labor migration may turn out to be productive for many people, many of these migrant workers have unsatisfactory living and working conditions. While it is likely that their labor conditions are better than in their own country, in many cases they are inferior to the working conditions of nationals in their receiving country. Despite international standards to protect migrant workers, their labor rights are frequently abused, especially if they have immigrated in an irregular fashion. In this context, INEDIM took on the task of developing an integral and comprehensive document regarding different migrant worker and visa systems in Central and North America.The work presented here holds enormous value for delving in-depth to the forms of management of temporary migrant workers, as well as their access and guarantees to social and labor protection in North and Central America. This report addresses the problem of management of labor migrant flows among countries in our region. This study is based on an ordered and scrupulous methodology in which different migration systems and visa schemes for the hiring of temporary migrant workers are analyzed from the perspective of protection, respect for, guarantees and promotion of human rights. The study analyzes six systems that seek to regulate temporary migration in the region along the Central and North American corridor. The countries involved in these six systems are El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Canada, the United States, Costa Rica and Nicaragua. The authors carry out a thorough and well-structured study based on two focuses of analysis: first, the processes for recruiting and contracting migrant workers and secondly, access to social protection for temporary migrant workers by means of the right to social security. From these two focuses, the authors are able to identify and demonstrate structural insufficiencies and gaps in the analyzed systems, which should guarantee labor security and social security for these workers

The Right to Democratic Participation in Labor Unions and the Use of the Hobbs Act to Combat Organized Crime

The author examines corruption within labor unions and the responses to that corruption with the use of two laws, the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 and the Hobbs Act. While the LMRDA guarantees union members important rights, corruption and the influence of organized crime has severely weakened members’ ability to exercise those rights. The author argues that RICO actions can and should be pursued against those who extort and otherwise violate union members’ rights because the remedies available under RICO are stronger than those available under the Hobbs Act. The author contends that the Hobbs Act should be amended to include allowing actions that violate the intangible rights guaranteed to unions and their members under the LMRDA

Redefining the State\u27s Response to Domestic Violence: Past Victories and future Challenges

What role should the state play in the fight against domestic violence? Although most activists in the early domestic abuse movement viewed government institutions with a robust dose of suspicion, over time they began to look to the state for substantial assistance. During this period-the late sixties and seventies-increased hope for a positive governmental role appeared to be well-founded. The civil rights, feminist, and labor movements had pushed the federal government into expanding civil liberty guarantees and economic protections. Laws were enacted prohibiting sex- and race-based discrimination, health care got a strong boost through the creation of Medicaid and Medicare, and workplace safety guarantees were expanded. And in the seventies and eighties, on the domestic violence front, state legislatures enacted civil protection order statutes that were the first laws specifically designed to protect victims of intimate abuse

The Right to Democratic Participation in Labor Unions and the Use of the Hobbs Act to Combat Organized Crime

The author examines corruption within labor unions and the responses to that corruption with the use of two laws, the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 and the Hobbs Act. While the LMRDA guarantees union members important rights, corruption and the influence of organized crime has severely weakened members’ ability to exercise those rights. The author argues that RICO actions can and should be pursued against those who extort and otherwise violate union members’ rights because the remedies available under RICO are stronger than those available under the Hobbs Act. The author contends that the Hobbs Act should be amended to include allowing actions that violate the intangible rights guaranteed to unions and their members under the LMRDA

Гарантії трудових прав працівників та шляхи їх удосконалення

Кохан Н. В. Гарантії трудових прав працівників та шляхи їх удосконалення : автореф. дис. ... канд. юрид. наук : 12.00.05 / Н. В. Кохан; кер. роботи Н. М. Хуторян; Нац. ун.-т "Одеська юридична академія". – Одеса, 2008. – 20с.Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата юридичних наук за спеціальністю 12.00.05. – трудове право; право соціального забезпечення. – Одеська національна юридична академія, Одеса, 2008. У дисертації комплексно досліджено поняття та класифікацію гарантій здійснення трудових прав працівників. Здійснено аналіз правового регулювання гарантій трудових прав працівників в актах зарубіжного законодавства. Досліджено співвідношення юридичних гарантій з гарантійними та компенсаційними виплатами. Поділ гарантій у сфері праці в залежності від стадії розвитку трудових правовідносин покладений в основу побудови другого розділу. На основі даного критерію досліджені гарантії, що забезпечують виникнення трудових правовідносин та проблеми їх реалізації: здійснено удосконалення правового регулювання гарантій, що забезпечують виконання працівниками покладених на них обов’язків; досліджено правові проблеми реалізації гарантій, що забезпечують зміну трудових правовідносин; запропоновано шляхи удосконалення юридичних гарантій, що забезпечують припинення трудових правовідносин; сформульовано моделі правових норм, що регулюватимуть трудові права працівників у новому Трудовому кодексі України.Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата юридических наук по специальности 12.00.05. – трудовое право; право социального обеспечения. – Одесская национальная юридическая академия, Одесса, 2008. Диссертация является комплексным научным исследованием теоретических и практических проблем гарантий трудовых прав работников и путей их усовершенствования. Комплексно исследовано понятие и классификацию гарантий осуществления трудовых прав работников. Рассмотрено соотношение юридических гарантий с гарантийными и компенсационными выплатами. Осуществлен анализ правового регулирования гарантий трудовых прав работников в актах зарубежного законодательства. Анализ конвенций, многосторонних и двухсторонних соглашений между государствами позволил сделать вывод, что, во-первых, трудовой договор (контракт) является основным актом, на основании которого личность может осуществлять трудовую деятельность на территории другого государства. Особое внимание уделяется проблемам реализации гарантий, предоставляемых работникам и работодателю при возникновении трудовых отношений. Выяснено, что испытание при принятии на работу для работодателя проявляется в том, что применив его к работнику, работодатель реализует свое право на подбор подходящих кадров для выполнения определенной работы, что касается работника, то данная гарантия проявляется в законодательном ограничении сроков и круга лиц, к которым может применятся такое испытание. В работе исследованы гарантии, предоставляемые работникам для реализации трудовых отношений с участием юридических лиц – субъектов малого предпринимательства и работодателей – физических лиц. Подчеркивается то, что защита права работника на достойное и своевременное вознаграждение за труд является одновременно защитой конституционного права граждан Украины на достойный жизненный уровень для них и членов их семей, поскольку для большинства из них заработная плата является единственным или основным источником дохода. Выяснено, что «гарантиями по оплате труда» является система средств, способов и условий, которая возлагает на государство и работодателя обязанность обеспечить работнику надлежащее осуществление им своего права на достойное вознаграждение за труд, которое обеспечит достаточных жизненный уровень для него и его семьи. Значительное внимание уделено проблемным вопросам правового регулирования постоянных и временных переводов, а также перемещение работников. На основании проведенного исследования выяснено, что правомерность изменения существенных условий труда ставится в зависимость от наличия изменений в организации производства и труда. Проведены разграничение таких понятий, как: увольнение, прекращение и расторжение трудовых отношений. В работе прекращение трудового договора по взаимному согласию сторон рассматривается как проявление демократизма законодательства. Отдельное внимание в работе посвящено исследованию юридических гарантий трудовых прав работника при расторжении трудового договора по инициативе работника.Dissertation for the scientific degree of candidate of legal sciences with the specialty 12.00.05. – labor right; social provisioning right. – Odessa National Legal Academy, Odessa, 2008. The dissertation includes an all-embracing study of the definition and classification of guarantees of workers’ legal rights. Legal regulations of guarantees applicable to workers’ labor rights in foreign legislative systems were thoroughly analyzed. Legal guarantees and compensatory payments frameworks were also studied. Second Section of the dissertation includes analysis of the delineation of labor guarantees depending on the labor and legal relations development stages. Based on this criterion, guarantees leading to emergence of labor relations and their further development were studied. Furthermore, suggestions were offered on improvement of legal regulations in the sphere of guarantees ensuring workers’ performance of their labor obligations; legal aspects of guarantees provisioning were studied; ways of improving legal guarantees suspending labor relations were offered; and models of labor norms regulating labor relations in the new Labor Code of Ukraine were formulated

Reducing Youth Not in Employment, Education, or Training through JobStart Philippines

Key Points One in four young Filipinos are not in employment, education, or training. One in two young women with high school education or less are not in employment, education, or training. Creating wage jobs for the youth is critical to help reduce poverty and income inequality in the Philippines. Active labor market programs encourage employment creation and employability of workers, increase their earning capacity, and enhance integration into the productive workforce. In 2011, the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) of the Philippines collaborated with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to design and develop JobStart Philippines, a pilot project assisting at-risk youth to become job-ready. JobStart Philippines is an employer-led program and offers at-risk youth life skills training, one-on-one career coaching, and opportunities for technical training and internships with private sector employers. Upon successful completion of the pilot, DOLE converted JobStart Philippines into a regular program and Congress enacted the Act to Institutionalize JobStart Philippines Program in 2016, which guarantees program sustainability

Setting Incentives: Temporary Performance Premiums Versus Promotion Tournaments

Two alternative relative compensation schemes are compared with respect to total output that can be generated at a given sum of salaries. While the promotion regime guarantees that any salary increase is permanent, the premium system allows a reduction in the income of an agent to the base salary after one period. It is shown that the optimum promotion tournament system induces a higher total output than the optimum premium system. This result occurs because a promotion regime allows distortion in a contest in favor of winners of previous contests.Tournament, relative compensation, internal labor markets