The M-type stars

The papers in this volume cover the following topics: (1) basic properties and photometric variability of M and related stars; (2) spectroscopy and nonthermal processes; (3) circumstellar radio molecular lines; (4) circumstellar shells, the formation of grains, and radiation transfer; (5) mass loss; (6) circumstellar chemistry; (7) thermal atmospheric models; (8) quasi-thermal models; (9) observations on the atmospheres of M dwarfs; and (1) theoretical work on M dwarfs

Electrohydrodynamic focusing and light propagation in 2-dimensional microfluidic devices for preconcentration of low abundance bioanalytes

This thesis presents work on electrohydrodynamic focusing (EHDF) and photon transmission to aid the development of species preconcentration and identification. EHDF is an equilibrium focusing method, where a target ion becomes stationary under the influence of a hydrodynamic force opposed by an electromigration force. To achieve this one force must have a non-zero gradient. In this research a novel approach of using a 2-dimensional planar microfluidic device is presented with an open 2D-plane space instead of conventional microchannel system. Such devices can allow pre-concentration of large volume of species and are relatively simple to fabricate. Fluid flow in these systems is often very complex making computer modelling a very useful tool. In this research, results of newly developed simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics® 3.5a are presented. Results from these models were compared to experimental results to validate the determined flow geometries and regions of increased concentration. The developed numerical microfluidic models were compared with previously published experiments and presented high correspondence of the results. Based on these simulations a novel chip shapes were investigated to provide optimal conditions for EHDF. The experimental results using fabricated chip exceeded performance of the model. A novel mode, named lateral EHDF, when test substance was focused perpendicularly to the applied voltage was observed in the fabricated microfluidic chip. As detection and visualisation is a critical aspect of such species preconcentration and identification systems. Numerical models and experimental validation of light propagation and light intensity distribution in 2D microfluidic systems was examined. The developed numerical mode of light propagation was used to calculate the actual light path through the system and the light intensity distribution. The model was successfully verified experimentally in both aspects, giving results that are interesting for the optimisation of photopolymerisation as well as for the optical detection systems employing capillaries

Physics progress report, 1 October 1965 - 1 October 1966

Particle interaction measurements and calculations, astronomical measurements, and radioactive isotope detectio

Thermal and Visual Imaging and Accelerometry Developments to Assist with Arthritis Diagnosis

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a disease that causes pain and inflammation in the joints of children. Its early diagnosis is important to avoid damage to the joints. Joint warmth, redness and movement restriction may be indicators of active arthritis hence accurate objective means to measure temperature, colour and range of movement (ROM) at the joint may assist diagnosis. In this study, three techniques with a potential to assist clinicians in diagnosing JIA were developed. These were based on high-resolution thermal imaging (HRTI), visual imaging and accelerometry. A detailed correlation analysis was performed between the developed methods and the consultant's clinical assessment of JIA diagnosis. Twenty-two patients (age: mean=10.6 years, SD = 2 years) with JIA diagnosis were recruited. 18 participated in the thermal/visual imaging study only, 2 in the accelerometry study only and 2 in both thermal/visual imaging and accelerometry studies. Thermal and visual images of the front and back of the knees and ankles of 20 patients were studied. All ethical approvals from Sheffield Hallam University and the National Health Service (NHS) were duly obtained before commencing the study. The thermal/visual imaging study involved developing image processing techniques to accurately identify and segment the regions of interest (ROIs). A tracking algorithm to accurately locate the ROIs was also implemented. An accelerometry system that is capable of recording movements from 4 channels was developed and its signals were processed by frequency spectrum analysis, short-time Fourier transform and wavelet packet analysis. The thermal imaging results showed a combined 71% correlation (for the front of knees and ankles) with clinical assessment. It may be possible that patients whom their arthritic joint was cooler than their healthy joints may have relied on their healthy leg more extensively for mobility (due to the pain on the arthritic leg) thus increasing its joints temperature. It was also found that JIA may affect the skin colour with a combined 42% correlation between the knees and ankles. The accelerometry results showed a 75% correlation with clinical assessment. The study for the first time brought together the three techniques of thermal imaging, visual imaging and accelerometry to assist with JIA diagnosis. The study demonstrated that the developed techniques have potential in assisting clinicians with JIA diagnosis. Improvements in timely diagnosis allow more effective treatment and can reduce the likelihood of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis

Physics and applications of scintillation detectors

The papers submitted in this volume present contributions and reviews on the physics of the scintillation process together with contributions to the development of scintillation detection techniques and the use of these techniques in nuclear physics research and in the applications of nuclear methods to other fields

Physics and applications of scintillation detectors

The papers submitted in this volume present contributions and reviews on the physics of the scintillation process together with contributions to the development of scintillation detection techniques and the use of these techniques in nuclear physics research and in the applications of nuclear methods to other fields

The Twenty-Fifth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 3: P-Z

Various papers on lunar and planetary science are presented, covering such topics as: impact craters, tektites, lunar geology, lava flow, geodynamics, chondrites, planetary geology, planetary surfaces, volcanology, tectonics, topography, regolith, metamorphic rock, geomorphology, lunar soil, geochemistry, petrology, cometary collisions, geochronology, weathering, and meteoritic composition

Strong-Field Physics in QED and QCD: From Fundamentals to Applications

We provide a pedagogical review article on fundamentals and applications of the quantum dynamics in strong electromagnetic fields in QED and QCD. The fundamentals include the basic picture of the Landau quantization and the resummation techniques applied to the class of higher-order diagrams that are enhanced by large magnitudes of the external fields. We then discuss observable effects of the vacuum fluctuations in the presence of the strong fields, which consist of the interdisciplinary research field of nonlinear QED. We also discuss extensions of the Heisenberg-Euler effective theory to finite temperature/density and to non-Abelian theories with some applications. Next, we proceed to the paradigm of the dimensional reduction emerging in the low-energy dynamics in the strong magnetic fields. The mechanisms of superconductivity, the magnetic catalysis of the chiral symmetry breaking, and the Kondo effect are addressed from a unified point of view in terms of the renormalization-group method. We provide an up-to-date summary of the lattice QCD simulations in magnetic fields for the chiral symmetry breaking and the related topics as of the end of 2022. Finally, we discuss novel transport phenomena induced by chiral anomaly and the axial-charge dynamics. Those discussions are supported by a number of appendices.Comment: Prepared for an invited review article; Published versio

The use of synchrotron x-ray micro computed tomography to study the failure mechanisms of thermal barrier coatings

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are used to protect high-pressure stage 1 turbine components in aero engines. At present the full potential high-temperature capabilities of TBCs cannot be utilised due to the difficulties in estimating the remaining useful life of in-service TBCs. State of the art non-destructive techniques, such as photo-luminescent piezospectroscopy (PLPS) have aided in furthering the understanding of damage evolution mechanism techniques, but are limited in applicability at temperature. In this work, a new force-balance model is presented for calculating the growth stress in a thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer at oxidation temperatures. Furthermore, a new experimental technique is explored for observation of the full-field strain distribution using synchrotron X-ray microtomography (SX μCT) coupled with digital volume correlation (DVC). The forcebalance method relates the creep in bondcoats of precision-machined cylindrical micro-specimens to the stress acted on the bondcoat by the TGO. These precisionmachined specimens were volumetrically imaged at the I12 JEEP beamline of Diamond Light Source (DLS) to reveal the three-dimensional evolution of TBC microstructure with time at temperature. The time-dependent volumetric image data acquired at DLS were processed using commercial digital volume correlation code to compute full-field displacement and strain distribution

The Twenty-Fifth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 1: A-G

Papers from the conference are presented, and the topics covered include the following: planetary geology, meteorites, planetary composition, meteoritic composition, planetary craters, lunar craters, meteorite craters, petrology, petrography, volcanology, planetary crusts, geochronology, geomorphism, mineralogy, lithology, planetary atmospheres, impact melts, volcanoes, planetary evolution, tectonics, planetary mapping, asteroids, comets, lunar soil, lunar rocks, lunar geology, metamorphism, chemical composition, meteorite craters, and planetary mantles