56 research outputs found

    Usage and Attitudes of Physicians in Japan Concerning Traditional Japanese Medicine (Kampo Medicine): A Descriptive Evaluation of a Representative Questionnaire-Based Survey

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    Kampo medicine has been the primary medical model in Japan until the mid 1800s, regained a prominent role in today's Japanese medical system. Today, 148 herbal Kampo formulas can be prescribed under the national health insurance system, allowing physicians to integrate Kampo in their daily practice. This article aims to provide information about the extent to which Kampo is now used in clinics throughout Japan and about physician's current attitudes toward Kampo. We used the results of a 2008 survey that was administered to physicians throughout Japan (n = 684). The data showed that 83.5% of physicians currently use Kampo in the clinic, although the distribution of physicians who use Kampo differ widely depending on the specialty and provided a breakdown of Kampo usage by specialty. It will be interesting to see how each specialty incorporates Kampo into its respective field as Kampo continues to play a pertinent role in Japanese medical system

    SURVEY OF DENTAL STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE REGARDING ORIENTAL MEDICINE/COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE: COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO JAPANESE DENTAL SCHOOLS

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    Background: The present study aimed to examine the impact of “curricula for undergraduate education in oriental medicine (OM)/complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)” on student awareness of OM. A questionnaire survey was conducted involving the Nagasaki University School of Dentistry (NUSD), a university that implements educationin OM as part of its undergraduate curriculum, and Tokyo Dental College (TDC), which does not teach OM. Materials and methods: The third- and fifth-year students of both NUSD and TDC underwent the anonymous questionnaire survey, which included questions regarding their knowledge of OM and CAM, interests in these subjects, and their opinions on the necessity of teaching OM in the undergraduate dental education, and the results were collected for analysis. Results: Whereas 33% of 5th year NUSD students had knowledge of OM/CAM was 33%, only 10% of 5th year TDC students reported knowledge on the subject. 69% of 5th year NUSD students interested in OM/CAM, while 5th yearTDC students who interest them were only 45%. Although 77% of 5th year NUSD students were in favor of OM education implemented in the Faculty of Dentistry, the percentages of TDC students of that were smaller (46% in 3rdyear and 48% in 5th year). Whereas 26% of 5th year TDC students did not recognize the necessity of oriental medicine education, only one 5th year NUSD student (2%) did not so. Conclusion: Introduction of education in OM in the undergraduate dental education program helps students to increase their interests in dental clinical applications

    Global health learning outcomes by country location and duration for international experiences

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    © 2020 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. Objective. To determine the impact of country income classification and experience duration on learning outcomes for student pharmacists participating in international advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs). Methods. A mixed-methods, longitudinal study evaluated 81 fourth-year student pharmacists participating in an international APPE through one of three US universities. A pre-post survey was administered to evaluate students’ self-perceived growth across 13 competencies established by the Consortium of Universities for Global Health (CUGH). The survey included four additional open-ended questions. Student pharmacists were also invited to participate in a focus group. Paired and independent t tests and multiple linear regression were conducted. Qualitative survey and focus group data underwent a two-cycle, open-coding process using conventional content analysis. Results. Students who completed their APPE in a low-to middle-income country had greater growth in all CUGH competency statements compared to those who completed their APPE in a high-income country. Completing the APPE in a low-to middle-income country and prior travel for non-vacation purposes were significant predictors of student growth. Students who went to a low-to middle-income country demonstrated increased cultural sensitivity, more patient-centered care, and skill development, while students who went to a high-income country displayed increased knowledge regarding differ-ences in health care system components, pharmacy practice, pharmacy education, and an appreciation for alternative patient care approaches. Conclusion. Learning outcomes differed between students who completed an APPE in a high-income rather than a low-to middle-income country, with both types of locations providing valuable educational opportunities and professional and personal development

    Patents and Traditional Medicine: Digital Capture, Creative Legal Interventions and the Dialectics of Knowledge Transformation

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    This article examines the debate over the exclusion of indigenous or local knowledge forms from the global intellectual property system, and some of the current attempts to solve this problem. Using the lens of cultural cosmopolitanism, the article highlights important trends in the dialectics of developing countries\u27 engagement with intellectual property and other collateral knowledge protection systems. The three sites at which this significant development is unfolding are: (1) the digitization of traditional medicinal knowledge through India\u27s traditional knowledge digital library (TKDL) project; (2) a recent attempt at incorporating innovations in Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) in Taiwanese patent law; and (3) efforts to enshrine disclosure of origin requirements (DRs) in patent applications, and developments around geographical indications (Gls)

    Traditional Japanese Kampo Medicine: Clinical Research between Modernity and Traditional Medicine—The State of Research and Methodological Suggestions for the Future

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    The Japanese traditional herbal medicine, Kampo, has gradually reemerged and 148 different formulations (mainly herbal extracts) can be prescribed within the national health insurance system. The objective of this article is to introduce Kampo and to present information from previous clinical studies that tested Kampo formulae. In addition, suggestions on the design of future research will be stated. The literature search was based on a summary, up until January 2009, by the Japanese Society of Oriental Medicine and included only those trials which were also available in either Pubmed or ICHUSHI (Japan Medical Abstracts Society). We included 135 studies, half of these studies (n = 68) used a standard control and 28 a placebo control. Thirty-seven trials were published in English [all randomized controlled trials (RCTs)] and the remaining articles were in Japanese only. The sample size for most studies was small (two-third of the studies included less than 100 patients) and the overall methodological quality appeared to be low. None of the studies used Kampo diagnosis as the basis for the treatment. In order to evaluate Kampo as a whole treatment system, certain aspects should be taken into account while designing studies. RCTs are the appropriate study design to test efficacy or effectiveness; however, within the trial the treatment could be individualized according to the Kampo diagnosis. Kampo is a complex and individualized treatment with a long tradition, and it would be appropriate for further research on Kampo medicine to take this into account

    Report to Ministers from the Department of Health Steering Group on the Statutory Regulation of Practitioners of Acupuncture, Herbal Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine and Other Traditional Medicine Systems Practised in the UK.

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    This report represents a significant milestone in meeting the Government's objectives for the public safely to access acupuncture, herbal/traditional medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. It represents the culmination of many years of work by practitioners, the Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health (PFIH) and the Department of Health in conjunction with the Medicines and Healthcare products regulatory agency (MHRA). The stimuli for this were the House of Lords' Select Committee on Science and Technology's report in 2000, and the Government response to it in 2001. The recommendations in this report have taken account of emerging health policy over the past decade relevant to protecting patients and new ways of working for healthcare professionals. There has been positive discussion with statutory regulatory bodies, particularly with the Health Professions Council (HPC), which is the proposed new regulator for acupuncture, herbal/traditional medicine and traditional Chinese medicine as wll as with professional bodies and practitioners. The report is therefore framed within the context of existing health policy. The document consists of the main report that makes specific recommendations for regulation. It is followed by a series of annexes that in turn explain the nature of herbal/traditional medicine, acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine, and provide further detailed information that will be useful to members of the public and other health professionals, as well as to the Department of Health and the future statutory regulatory body. Other annexes provide information on the development of a research and evidence base for these sectors, on existing training provision and accreditation arrangements as well as the criteria used by the Steering Group to assess the potential of professional practitioner associations to qualify for direct transfer to the chosen regulatory body
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